Xa kuthelekiswa neendlela zemveli zokuwelda,ukuwelda nge-laserineenzuzo ezibalulekileyo – ubushushu obuphantsi, isantya sokuwelda esikhawulezayo, indawo encinci echaphazeleka bubushushu,
Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, ukuwelda nge-laser kuye kwasetyenziswa kakhulu kwishishini leemoto, kwishishini lokwakha iinqanawa, kwishishini lamandla enyukliya, nakwi-aerospace.
Ishishini leenqwelo moya kunye namanye amashishini asebenza ngobuchwepheshe obuphezulu asetyenziswa kakhulu, kwaye ngenxa yokunciphisa iindleko zezixhobo ezipheleleyo, kwizixhobo zemihla ngemihla.
Kwaye ezinye izicelo ezinxulumene nobomi zaqala ukukhula ngokukhawuleza. Kodwa kwangaxeshanye, ukuwelda nge-laser enye kukwaneziphene ezithile,
Ayikwazi ukuhlangabezana neemfuno ezahlukeneyo ngakumbi nangakumbi: okokuqala, iimfuno ze-single laser welding kwi-weld assembly gap zingqongqo kakhulu,
Kudla ngokufuneka ukuba kubekho isithuba esingaphantsi kwe-0.2mm, kungenjalo kunzima ukufikelela kuqhagamshelo olufanelekileyo; Okwesibini,ukuwelda nge-laser enyeinovelwano kakhulu kwiintanda zokuwelda
Kulula kakhulu ukubangela ukuqhekeka kwe-weld, kwaye ukwakheka kwe-weld akunakulungiswa ukulawula ukuveliswa kwe-cracks; Okwesithathu, enye
Ukuwelda nge-laser kufuna ii-laser ezinamandla kakhulu xa kuwelda iipleyiti ezinkulu ezinobukhulu, kwaye amandla ayo okungena axhomekeke ngokupheleleyo kumandla e-laser.
Kwaye umgangatho we-weld awunakuqinisekiswa ngokupheleleyo.
Ukuze kuhlangatyezwane neemfuno zophuhliso lwamashishini ahlukeneyo, iindlela zokuwelda nge-laser nazo ziphuculwe, kwaye uphuhliso oluhambelanayo luye lwaphuhliswa, njengale nqaku.
Kuchazwe indlela yokuwelda ngocingo lwelaser kunye nezinye iindlela zokuwelda. Ukuwelda ngocingo lwelaser kwenziwa ngokusekelwe kwi-single laser welding,
Xa kuthelekiswa ne-single laser welding, ineengenelo ezicacileyo:
①Nciphisa kakhulu iimfuno zokuhlanganisa zesixhobo somsebenzi, kuba ucingo lokuwelda longezwa kwinkqubo yokuwelda, isinyithi sedama lokuwelda siya kwanda kakhulu kwaye sinokudityaniswa.
Qhagamshela ngesithuba esikhulu se-weld, ngelixa usenza i-weld igcwale ngakumbi;
Iimpawu zesakhiwo esincinci sendawo yokuwelda zinokulawulwa, kuba ukwakheka kwentambo yokuwelda kwahlukile kokwezinto ezisisiseko zejoyinti yokuwelda.
Emva kokuba ucingo ludityaniswe kwidama lokuwelda, umgangatho, ukwakheka kunye nomlinganiselo wedama lokuwelda unokulungiswa ukuze kulawulwe inkqubo yokuqina kunye nokwenziwa kwesakhiwo esincinci.
(3) Igalelo lamandla omgca lincinci, indawo echaphazelekileyo bubushushu kunye nokuguquguquka kobushushu zincinci, nto leyo enceda kakhulu ekudibaniseni isixhobo somsebenzi ngeemfuno ezingqongqo zokuguquguquka;
④ingafikelela kwizixhobo ezincinci zokuwelda ngamandla e-laser, kuba ucingo lokuwelda longezwa kwinkqubo yokuwelda, ukuwelda okuninzi kunokufezekiswa, kwaye
Isinyithi sedama lokuwelda siya kwandiswa kakhulu, ukuze i-weld joint ivulwe ukuze kuncitshiswe ubungakanani bokwenyani be-weldment.
Ubukhulu be-laser welding, uze emva koko uqonde izinto zepleyiti ezixineneyo ze-laser wire welding.
Umahluko phakathi kokuwelda ngocingo lwelaser kunye nokuwelda ngocingo lwelaser
Uhlobo lwe-laser wire filler welding luboniswe kuMfanekiso 1, olwahlukileyo kwi-laser wire filler brazing eboniswe kuMfanekiso 2. Izinto ezisisiseko kuzo zombini ezi ndlela ze-welding zezi:
Ziyahambelana, zenziwe ngomqadi welaser, ucingo lokuwelda, iindawo zokuwelda, igesi ekhuselayo ngokweemfuno zokwenyani ukuze kugqitywe ukuba zongezwe na, zibandakanyeke
Kwaye izixhobo eziphambili zizixhobo zokutyisa ngocingo, umatshini wokuwelda, intloko yesibhamu esithambileyo sokuwelda ngocingo, intloko yokuwelda, i-laser enamandla aphezulu.
Umfanekiso 1 Ukuwelda kwe-laser wire fusion
Umfanekiso 2 Ukugquma ucingo lwelaser
Nangona kungekho mahluko kwindlela yangaphandle yeendlela ezimbini zokuwelda, kukho umahluko omkhulu kwimo yazo. Xa kuwelda ngentambo yelaser,
I-laser ngokubanzi isebenzisa i-laser yefayibha enamandla aphezulu, njengoko kubonisiwe kuMfanekiso 3, i-laser ayifuni nje kuphela ucingo lokuwelda, kodwa ikwafuna nokunyibilikisa isinyithi esisisiseko kwaye
Isiphumo esikhethekileyo semingxunya yokuwelda ngobunzulu be-laser senziwa kwisinyithi esisisiseko, senza ichibi lokunyibilika elinzulu, kwaye ukwakheka kwentambo yokuwelda kuxutywe ngokupheleleyo nokwakheka kwesinyithi kwesinyithi esisisiseko.
Kuyenziwa ichibi elitsha elinyibilikisiweyo elixutyiweyo, kwaye ukwakheka kwento, umlinganiselo kunye nomgangatho wechibi elinyibilikisiweyo elixutyiweyo likhulu kunelo lentambo yokuwelda kunye nezinto ezisisiseko.
Ke ngoko, ucingo olufanelekileyo lokuwelda lungongezwa kwinkqubo yokuwelda ngokweziphene zokusebenza kwezinto ezisisiseko ngokwazo, ukuze kuphuculwe ukusebenza kakuhle kokuwelda.
Kwinqanaba lokujonga, ukumelana nokuqhekeka, ukumelana nokudinwa, ukumelana nokugqwala, ukumelana nokuguguleka kunye nezinye izinto ze-weld ziphuculwe ngabom.
Ukongeza, ukuwelda nge-laser wire kungaba kukuwelda okunemijelo emininzi, kuba kunokufezekisa ukuwelda kokungena okunzulu ngesiphumo semingxuma emincinci, nto leyo enokufezekiswa
Ukudibana ngokupheleleyo kweengqimba ezimbini ezisezantsi ze-weld bead kuthintela iziphene ezinkulu zokungadibani, ukuze ibe nakho ukudibanisa amalungu amakhulu.
Niniucingo lwelaseribrazing, ilaser ngokubanzi isebenzisa ilaser ye-semiconductor enamandla aphezulu, njengoko kubonisiwe kuMfanekiso 4
Kwintambo yokuwelda, yilaser encinci kakhulu eya kusebenza kwi-weld kwaye inyibilikise isinyithi esincinci kumphezulu we-weld, kwaye ichibi lokunyibilika liphantse linyibilike ngokunyibilika.
Ucingo lokuwelda lwenziwe, ngoko ke ukusebenza kwe-weld kuxhomekeke kakhulu kulwakhiwo lwezinto ezisisiseko kunye nomlinganiselo wentambo yokuwelda kunye nocingo lokuwelda olunyibilikisiweyo kwi-weld.
Eyona njongo iphambili yokubopha ucingo lwelaser kukufezekisa amandla athile oqhagamshelo lwejoyinti ye-weld
Kwaye ukutywina, kunye ne-laser wire brazing ayinakuba yi-multi-channel stacked welding, iileya ezimbini eziphezulu nezisezantsi ze-weld ngokusisiseko azinakuba ziqinile.
Ngoku zidibene ngokupheleleyo nangokufanelekileyo, iimpawu zoomatshini zelungu azilunganga kakhulu.
Intsimi yesicelo se-laser wire welding
Ngophuhliso lwetekhnoloji yokuwelda ye-laser wire filler kunye nokwanda komda wamandla e-laser, uluhlu lweziceloukuwelda i-laser wire filler
Ibanzi ngakumbi nangakumbi, ikakhulu kwezi nkalo zilandelayo:
Ukuwelda ngocingo lwe-laser lwe-aluminium alloy
Ngokubanzi, ngenxa yokuba i-aluminium alloy ngokwayo inokukhanya okuphezulu kwi-laser kunye nokuqhuba okuphezulu kobushushu, i-aluminium alloy idityaniswe nge-laser.
Xa amandla elaser efunekayo emaninzi, oku kuya kukhokelela kwiqondo lokubila eliphantsi kwii-aluminium alloys (ezifana ne-Mg, i-Zn, njl.njl.) ukufuma okukhulu kunye nokulahleka kokutsha,
Kwangaxeshanye, uxinzelelo oluphantsi lomphezulu wesinyithi sechibi esinyibilikisiweyo luchaphazela iimpawu zokuqina kwe-weld, kwaye ezi zizathu ziya kukhokelela ekubeni kubekho ii-alloys ze-aluminium ze-welding ze-laser.
Iingxaki ezininzi - iimpawu ezingezizo zoomatshini ezikwiijoyinti ze-weld, ukwakheka kwe-weld okungekho semgangathweni, ukuqhekeka kunye nokuqhekeka okunzulu. Endaweni yoko, kusetyenziswa i-laser ukuzalisa ucingo
Ukuwelda i-aluminium alloy kuya kuziphucula kakhulu ezi ngxaki:
①Ukuwelda ngentambo yelaser kunokuphucula ukudodobala komphezulu wokuwelda, kuphucule ngempumelelo ukuweldaUhlobo, kwaye inkqubo yokutshiza incinci;
②Ukongezwa kwentambo yokuwelda akunakuchaphazela kuphela indlela iikristale ze-cylindrical ezijongeka ngayo kwi-weld, kodwa kuya kuyinciphisa ne-weldI-crystalline interface eveliswa kukukhula okuqhelekileyo kwe-core columnar crystal iphucula ukwakheka kwe-weld, kwaye ikwaphucula nesantya sokufunxwa kwezinto kwi-laser.
Njengoko ububanzi bokunyibilika bukhula, ubunzima obuncinci buyehla kancinci, kwaye amandla okuxinana kunye nokwandiswa kwelungu kuya kuba yinto ebalulekileyo phantsi kweeparamitha zenkqubo ezilungiselelweyo.
Phucula; (3) Ukuwelda ngeeparamitha zenkqubo ezifanelekileyo akunakufumana ziphene zangaphakathi ezicacileyo, ubunzima obuncinci be-HV60 okanye ngaphezulu, kunye ne-joint HAZ
Akukho kuthamba okucacileyo kwejoyinti ye-weld kwindawo leyo, kwaye ukwaphuka kukwindawo yesiseko sezinto ngexesha lovavanyo lokuxinana.
Ukuwelda ngentambo yelaser yeentsimbi ezahlukeneyo
Kwezinye iindawo zokusebenza ezinzima okanye ngokusekelwe kwiindleko, kudla ngokuba yimfuneko ukuba kubekho izinto ezininzi zomsebenzi ngaxeshanye.
Iipropati ezikhethekileyo, ezinje ngokuxhathisa ukugqwala, amandla aphezulu athile, ukumelana nobushushu, ukumelana nokuguguleka, ukuqhuba okuphezulu, ukusasazwa kobushushu okuhle, njl.njl., kodwa uninzi
Izinto zesinyithi azinakuba neempawu ezikhethekileyo ezininzi ezibalaseleyo ngaxeshanye, kwaye izinto zesinyithi ezineempawu ezikhethekileyo zihlala zinjalo
Zinqabile kwaye zibiza kakhulu, azinakusetyenziswa ngobuninzi, ngoko ke ukuba ungenza izinto ezahlukeneyo ezineempawu ezikhethekileyo ukuze ufezekise uqhagamshelo olusebenzayo, ngoko ke
Ingahlangabezana neemfuno zokusetyenziswa. Umahluko kwiipropati zomzimba nezekhemikhali zezinto zesinyithi ezahlukeneyo ngokubanzi mkhulu, nto leyo engenakuphepheka kwinkqubo yokuwelda
Ukwenziwa kweekhompawundi ze-intermetallic, ezinefuthe elikhulu ekusebenzeni kwamalungu e-weld, iikhompawundi ze-intermetallic ezibuthathaka kuya kwenza kube lula kakhulu ukuvelisa i-weld.
Kunzima kakhulu ukusebenzisa ngokuthe ngqo i-laser enye ukuwelda amalungu esinyithi ahlukeneyo, kwaye ukuzinza kwenkqubo yayo kunzima ukuyilawula.
Ubunzima bokuzala kwakhona. Inani elikhulu leengcali kunye neengcali lifumanise ukuba ukuwelda ngentambo yelaser kulungile xa kuwelda iintsimbi ezahlukeneyo, kwaye ukhetho lufanelekile.
Ucingo lokuzalisa lunokuthintela ukwakheka kweekhompawundi ze-intermetallic ukuya kwinqanaba elithile, kwaye lunokuphucula kakhulu indlela esebenza ngayo amalungu adibeneyo.
Ukusebenza:
①I-Mg/Cu lap joint edityaniswe nge-laser wire filling welding inokwenziwa kakuhle phantsi kwemilinganiselo yenkqubo efanelekileyo.Amandla aphezulu okucheba amalungu esinyithi ahlukeneyo anamandla athile anokufikelela kwi-164.2MPa, eyi-64% yesinyithi esisisiseko se-magnesium alloy.
② Kufundwa ukuwelda kwejoyinti ye-Al/Ti lap kunye nejoyinti ye-butt, kwaye iziphumo zibonisa ukuba inkqubo yokuwelda izinzile kwaye yenziwa xa kusetyenziswa indawo yokukhanya engunxande.Intle, uluhlu olubanzi lweeparamitha zenkqubo, umgangatho ophezulu we-weld, amandla ayo aphezulu okuxinana afikelela kwi-94% yesinyithi esisisiseko se-aluminium alloy;Phucula ukwakheka kwe-weld.Kwizinto zokusebenza ezineenjongo zokuthwala, ukuba i-weld iyawa, ubukhulu bayo obusebenzayo buya kuncipha, kwaye iimpawu zoomatshini ziya kuncipha ukuba i-weld iyaluma.
Kuya kukhokelela ekuxinzelelekeni koxinzelelo emaphethelweni e-weld, kwaye iimpawu zoomatshini ziya kuncipha. Kwi-workpiece eneemfuno zembonakalo, ukuba i-weld iyawa
Ukutsala okanye ukuluma umphetho kunokuba nempembelelo enkulu ekuboneni kwaye akwamkelekanga. Ukuze i-weld igcwale, i-laser wire welding
Yindlela elungileyo kakhulu, kuba ucingo lokuwelda ludityaniswe kwidama elinyibilikisiweyo, lunokunyusa umthamo wedama elinyibilikisiweyo, luze luqinisekise ukuba i-weld igcwele.
Isiphene somphetho wokulunywa.
Kwisixhobo somsebenzi esinomsantsa omkhulu wamalungu (ngokubanzi≥0.3mm), ukuwelda nge-laser enye kunzima ukufikelela kunxibelelwano olusebenzayo, kwaye kunokuzaliswa kuphela
Izinto ezongezelelweyo zingazalisa umsantsa wokuwelda, ngoko ke ukuwelda ngentambo yelaser sisisombululo esisebenzayo kakhulu.
Ukuwelda ifillet enomsantsa omncinci
Ukuwelda okuzalisa ucingo lwelaser enomsantsa omncinci kunokufezekisa ukuwelda okusebenzayo kweepleyiti eziphakathi nezityebileyo ngokusebenzisa iileser zamandla amancinci naphakathi, kungekuphela nje ngokongeza ukuwelda
Ucingo lokutshintsha ulwakhiwo kunye nolwakhiwo lwesinyithi esitshisiweyo, ukuphucula ukusebenza ngokubanzi kwejoyinti etshisiweyo, kodwa nokuphucula ithambeka elilodwa le-laser welding
Ukulungelelaniswa kunye nokunyamezela iimpazamo zomlomo, kunye nendawo echaphazeleka bubushushu ye-weld incinci, kwaye uxinzelelo lwejoyinti edibeneyo nalo luncinci, olunomsebenzi omhle kakhulu.
Ngoko ke, kwiminyaka yakutshanje, iingcali ezininzi kunye neengcali zenze uphando olufanelekileyo ngayo:
①Ukusebenzisa i-laser wire filling ene-gap encinciIndlela yokuwelda edityanisiweyo enobukhulu obuyi-40mm Q345D Marine steel plate, iziphumo zibonisa ukuba iiparameter zenkqubo yokuwelda ezifanelekileyo zinokufumana isimo esihle,
Ijoyinti edibeneyo engenazo iziphene, akukho ziphene ezifana nokungadibani, ukuqina kwempembelelo yeziko le-weld kulungile, kwaye amandla okuxinana kwe-weld aphezulu kunezinto ezisisiseko;
②Intsimbi yerotor enobukhulu obuyi-50mm idityaniswe nge-laser wire filling multi-pass welding ene-narrow-gap, kwaye iziphumo zibonise ukuba iiparameter zenkqubo ye-welding zifanelekile.
Ingakhula kakuhle, ayinaziphene ezifana nokungadibani kodonga olusecaleni, ukuqina kwejoyinti kuyancitshiswa, kodwa amandla ayo okutsala aphezulu kunalawo kamama.
Umthi;③Kufundwa nge-welding ye-laser wire filling welding enobukhulu obuyi-20mm eyi-5083 aluminiyamu, kwaye iziphumo zibonisa ukuba iiparameter zenkqubo yokuwelda ezifanelekileyo.
Ijoyinti edibeneyo enemingxuma embalwa kwaye engenaziphene ezifana nokungadibani inokufunyanwa.
Amatyala ezicelo kunye nezixhobo kunye neengcebiso zeparameter yenkqubo
1. Amatyala okufaka isicelo
Phucula ukwakheka kwe-weld
Iimfuno: Ukuwelda ngentsimbi engagqwaliyo eyi-1mm kunye ne-3mm, umthungo wokuwelda uyimfuneko ukuze ungabi nazimbobo, kwaye ukubumba kulungile.
Izixhobo: RFL-C4000 (ububanzi be-fiber core 200μm), isixhobo sokuhambisa ucingo, intloko yokudibanisa.
Itheyibhile 5 Ingcebiso yobukhulu kunye nemilo yomjelo
Iziphumo: Ukubumba bekulungile kwaye i-weld yayingenazo izimbobo, njengoko kubonisiwe kuMfanekiso 5.
Umfanekiso 5 Ukwakheka kwe-weld kunye ne-cross section morphology
Ukuwelda kwe-laser wire filling okuncinci okunesithuba esincinci
Iimfuno: Ipleyiti yentsimbi ye-Q345 enobukhulu obuyi-18mm edityanisiweyo, ifuna imingxunya embalwa yokudityaniselwa, akukho kudibana, ukuxinana kwamalungu
Amandla aphezulu kunezinto ezisisiseko, kwaye ukwakheka kwe-weld kungcono.
Izixhobo: RFL-C6000 (ububanzi be-fiber core 400μm), isixhobo sokuhambisa ucingo, intloko yokudibanisa.
Iiparameter zenkqubo: ipasi yokuwelda kufuneka ibekwe i-beveled, ubungakanani be-beveled buboniswe kuMfanekiso 6, kwaye ezinye iiparameter zenkqubo yokuwelda ziboniswe kwiTheyibhile 2.
Umfanekiso 6 Ubungakanani bomjelo
Iziphumo: Ukubumba bekulungile, bekungekho kuhlangana, kwaye i-weld yayingenazo izimbobo, njengoko kubonisiwe kuMfanekiso 7, kwaye uvavanyo lokuxinana lwenziwe.
Kubonakalisiwe ukuba i-weld iyaphuka kwizinto ezisisiseko, nto leyo ebonisa ukuba amandla okuxinana kwejoyinti aphezulu kunalawo ezinto ezisisiseko.
UMZOBO 7 Umzobo we-Metallographic wecandelo elinqamlezileyo le-weld
2. Ingcebiso yeparameter yezixhobo kunye nenkqubo
Phucula ukwakheka kwe-weld kunye nomgangatho
Ukuze kusetyenziswe i-laser wire welding kwi-butt joint, kucetyiswa ukuba kusetyenziswe i-laser kunye ne-fiber core diameter, ukuze kuphuculwe ukwakheka kwe-weld.
Intloko yokudibanisa kufuneka icwangciswe ukuqinisekisa ukuba ububanzi bendawo egxile kuyo buphakathi kwe-0.4mm kunye ne-0.6mm, kwaye ucingo lokudibanisa kufuneka lukhethwe ngomgangatho ofanelekileyo.
Ezinye iiparameter zokuwelda ziboniswe kwiTheyibhile 2 kunye neTheyibhile 3.
Ukuwelda kwe-laser wire filling okuncinci okunesithuba esincinci
Kwi-welding ye-laser wire filling multi-pass yepleyiti ephakathi nendawo etyebileyo, kucetyiswa ngokubanzi ukuba ububanzi bendawo yokugxila bube yi-0.6mm ~ 1.0mm, kwaye
Kwaye ucingo lokuwelda kufuneka lukhethe uhlobo olufanelekileyo, ukongeza, ubungakanani bomjelo odibeneyo kufuneka bube noyilo olufanelekileyo, ubungakanani bomjelo abunakuba bukhulu kakhulu,
Ngaphandle koko, kulula ukubangela ukungadibani ngaphakathi kwe-weld, kwaye ubungakanani be-groove obucetyiswayo buboniswe kwiTheyibhile 5; Inani leentsimbi kufuneka lisekelwe kubuninzi bejoyinti.
Ubukhulu obukhulu ukuze kuchongwe, i-weld yokuqala esezantsi iyacetyiswa ukuze kusetyenziswe amandla aphezulu okuwelda ezixhobo ukuze kuchongwe, emva kobunzulu ngabunye benye
Ngokubanzi yi-3mm ~ 5mm; Ngokuphathelele iiparameter zenkqubo yokuwelda ezisetyenziswa kwi-bead nganye, kuyimfuneko ukuxhomekeka kubunzulu bayo bokuwelda obufunekayo kunye nokuba nini
Ububanzi be-weld pass yangaphambili bumiselwa. Xa ububanzi be-weld pass bukhulu, ubungakanani bokucima ukugxila kufuneka bunyuswe ngokulinganisela ukuthintela udonga olusecaleni ukuba lungaphumeleli ukudibana.
Ixesha leposi: Epreli-03-2025
