I-Laser: Inkcazo, uLuhlu lweMizi-mveliso, usetyenziso, kunye neNdawo yeHlabathi

Uluhlu lweShishini leLaser

Phezulu kwiCandelo leMizi-mveliso

Umbindi weCandelo leMizi-mveliso

Ngaphantsi kweCandelo leMizi-mveliso

Iingenelo kunye neeNdawo eziPhambili zokusetyenziswa kweTekhnoloji yeLaser

• Kwicandelo lobuchwepheshe bolwazi besizukulwana esitsha, ixhasa uphuhliso lwamacandelo amatsha okubonisa nonxibelelwano, iqhuba uphuhliso kwiteknoloji yolwazi.
• Kwicandelo lokuvelisa izixhobo ezikumgangatho ophezulu, kuphucula umgangatho wokuvelisa ngendlela eluhlaza kunye nokuvelisa ngobuchule, kunika amandla uphuhliso lwezitimela ezihamba ngesantya esiphezulu kunye nezixhobo.
• Kwicandelo elitsha lamandla, likhuthaza uphuhliso lwamandla elanga asebenza kakuhle kakhulu kunye neegridi ezikrelekrele, okukhawulezisa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla amatsha.
• Kwicandelo lezinto ezintsha, ivumela ukucutshungulwa kwezinto ngokuchanekileyo, inika inkxaso enamandla kuphando nophuhliso lwezinto ezintsha.
• Kwishishini lezithuthi zamandla amatsha, liphucula ukucubungula kunye nokudityaniswa kwezixhobo zeemoto, nto leyo ephucula ukuphuculwa kweshishini lezithuthi zamandla amatsha.
• Kwicandelo lokulondolozwa kwamandla kunye nokukhuselwa kwendalo, isetyenziswa kwizibane ze-semiconductor, inegalelo kwinkqubela phambili yolondolozo lwamandla kunye nokukhuselwa kwendalo.
• Kwishishini lezinto eziphilayo, iphucula ukusebenza kwezixhobo zonyango eziphambili, nto leyo eqhuba ubuchule kwishishini lezinto eziphilayo.

Iphethini yoShishino lweLaser lweHlabathi

• Amazwe aseYurophu: Aye akhokela kwasekuqaleni kubuchwepheshe be-laser kwaye aqokelele ubuchule obukhulu bobuchwephesha, eneengenelo zokuchaneka okuphezulu, ukuthembeka okuphezulu, kunye nokusetyenziswa kwemarike ephezulu (umz., iteknoloji ye-semiconductor kunye ne-lithography). Ngokwedatha yophando lwemarike, ishishini le-laser laseYurophu lithatha ngaphezulu kwe-30% yesabelo semarike yehlabathi.
• I-United States: Ikwindawo ebalulekileyo kwimarike yehlabathi kwiinkalo ezifana noyilo lwe-optical chip oluphezulu kunye netekhnoloji yokudibanisa i-silicon photonics. Ngokukodwa, i-IPG Photonics ikhokela kwihlabathi liphelaimakethi ye-fiber laserNgokubanzi, ishishini le-laser laseMelika liphethe phantse i-20% yesabelo semarike yehlabathi.
• IJapan neSouth Korea: Zinamandla akhethekileyo ekuveliseni ngokuchanekileyo, iteknoloji ye-optical, kunye nokusetyenziswa kwezinye iindawo ezithile. Umzekelo, iJapan ikhokela ihlabathi kwii-preforms ze-optical fiber kunye nee-fibers ezikhethekileyo ze-optical, kunye nesabelo semarike yehlabathi esidlula i-50%; iMeere Company yaseMzantsi Korea ibambe i-70% yesabelo semarike yehlabathi kwii-display edge grinders. Nangona kunjalo, idatha echanekileyo malunga nesabelo semarike yehlabathi jikelele yamashishini e-laser aseJapan naseMzantsi Korea kunzima ukuyifumana.
• ITshayina: Inezibonelelo ezikhethekileyo ekuvelisweni kwezixhobo ze-laser kwaye ilawula imarike yehlabathi kweli candelo. Ngo-2024, ingeniso yemarike yezixhobo ze-laser yehlabathi yayimalunga ne-21.8 yeebhiliyoni zeedola zaseMelika, apho ingeniso yemarike yezixhobo ze-laser yaseTshayina yafikelela kwi-89.7 yeebhiliyoni zeeyuan (eyenza i-56.6% yemarike yehlabathi). Nangona kunjalo, xa kujongwa lonke uthotho lwemizi-mveliso (kubandakanya izixhobo eziphambili kunye namacandelo, ukuveliswa kwezixhobo ze-laser eziphezulu, kunye nezicelo eziphambili), isabelo semarike saseTshayina sehla saya kuthi ga kwi-21% yenani lilonke lehlabathi.
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Uphuhliso lweShishini leLaser laseTshayina

Inkxaso yoMgaqo-nkqubo

Amaqela oShishino lweSithili

• I-Wuhan Optics Valley: Ngokudibanisa ngokunzulu ubugcisa kunye nophuhliso lwemizi-mveliso, yakhe indawo ephakamileyo yophuhliso lwemizi-mveliso ye-laser yaseTshayina. Iqokelela amashishini e-laser angaphezu kwama-200, egubungela amashishini ahlukeneyo e-gas, i-solid-state, kunye ne-fiber laser ngamandla aphezulu, aphakathi, naphantsi. Kuye kwasekwa uthotho olupheleleyo lwemizi-mveliso, oluquka izixhobo ze-laser ezisezantsi kunye nezinto ezixhasayo, ii-laser eziphakathi kunye nezixhobo ezixhasayo, kunye nezicelo ze-laser ezisezantsi.
• I-Pearl River Delta: Iqhutywa yimfuno yemarike, ivuselela imfuno yemizi-mveliso yokwenziwa kwe-laser kwaye ikhuthaza ukuphuculwa kwazo zonke iikhonkco kwikhonkco lemizi-mveliso. Njengemakethi enkulu yesicelo kwishishini le-laser laseTshayina, umthamo wayo wokuthumela ngaphandle ungaphezulu kwe-30% yenani lilonke lelizwe. Ubungakanani bemizi-mveliso yale ndawo bumalunga ne-13 yeebhiliyoni zeeyuan, nto leyo eyenza ukuba ibe yiqela lesibini ngobukhulu kwishishini le-laser eTshayina emva kweWuhan.
• I-Bohai Rim: Inezakhono zophando nophuhliso lwetekhnoloji ezinamandla kunye nemfuno eqinileyo yemarike. Imelwe yiBeijing, le marike iqokelela inani elikhulu lamashishini kumashishini e-IT kunye nonxibelelwano, ivelisa imfuno enamandla yeemveliso ze-laser.
• I-Yangtze River Delta: Ine-industrial chain epheleleyo, kunye nemizi-mveliso esasazwa kakhulu eShanghai, eNanjing, eWenzhou, eSuzhou, eNingbo, nakwezinye izixeko. Ishishini le-laser kulo mmandla libonakaliswa kukuvelisa izinto ezintsha ngokusebenzisana kwemimandla eyahlukeneyo, okuqhuba umgangatho kunye nokuphuculwa kokusebenza kakuhle kwe-industrial chain ephezulu nesezantsi ngokusebenzisa amashishini aphambili. Inani lezicelo ze-patent kwiinkalo zobuchwepheshe eziphambili ezifana ne-ultrafast lasers kunyeiinkqubo ze-galvanometer ezichanekileyo kakhuluKwi-Yangtze River Delta, i-avareji ye-34% iyanda ngonyaka, kwaye izinga lokuguqulwa kobuchwepheshe liphezulu kakhulu kunomyinge wesizwe.

1. Inzuzo yeTalente: Malunga namaziko emfundo ephakamileyo ali-18 kunye namaziko ophando lwesayensi angama-56 ephondo nawabaphathiswa agxile kwisiseko, ekhulisa abafundi basekholejini abangaphezu kwama-50,000 minyaka le, ebonelela ngezixhobo ezininzi zetalente kwishishini le-laser.
2. Inzuzo yoBugcisa: Amaziko afana neWuhan Research Institute of Posts and Telecommunications kunye neHuazhong University of Science and Technology akwinqanaba eliphambili lasekhaya kwiteknoloji yonxibelelwano lwe-optical kunye ne-laser processing, enika inkxaso enamandla yobugcisa kuphuhliso lwemizi-mveliso.
3. Inzuzo yeSiseko seShishini: I-Wuhan Optics Valley iye yaphuhliswa yaba sisiseko esikhulu sokuvelisa i-optical fiber kunye ne-cable kunye nezixhobo ze-laser eTshayina, enesiseko esiqinileyo seshishini.
4. Inzuzo yeMarike: Isiseko sibambe isabelo esikhulu kwimarike yasekhaya yefayibha ye-optical kunye nemveliso yekhebula kunye nemarike yezixhobo ze-optoelectronic, kwaye sikwisikhundla esithile kushishino lwehlabathi lwe-optoelectronic, sineemarike ezibanzi.

Amandla eMarike kunye neeNxalenye eziPhambili zeZixhobo zeLaser

Iinguqu zeMarike yeZixhobo zeLaser

• Ukuveliswa kwebhetri yeLithium: Iilaser zisetyenziswa kakhulu kwimveliso yebhetri yelithium. Iibhetri zeLithium-ion zinemfuno ephezulu yokhuseleko, ukuhambelana, kunye noxinano, kwaye ukucutshungulwa kwelaser kuneenzuzo ezicacileyo kwisiphumo sokucutshungulwa kunye nokusebenza kakuhle. Okwangoku, ngophuhliso olukhawulezayo lwezithuthi ezintsha zamandla, imfuno yezixhobo zebhetri yelithium inamandla, kwaye amashishini ebhetri yelithium ayandisa amandla awo emveliso. Ngenxa yokusetyenziswa ngokubanzi kokusika, ukucoca, kunye nokumakisha ngelaser kwimveliso yebhetri yelithium, umlinganiselo wezixhobo zokucubungula ngelaser kwimveliso yebhetri yelithium enamandla kulindeleke ukuba ufikelele kwi-15-20% kwixesha elizayo.
• Ukucocwa ngeLaser kunye nokugqunywa ngeLaser: Ezi marike zintsha zokusetyenziswa zinamathuba abanzi. Xa kuthelekiswa nokucoca ngamakhemikhali kunye nokusila ngoomatshini, ukucoca nge-laser kunobuhlobo nokusingqongileyo, akonakalisi, akunangcoliseko lwesibini, kwaye kuyasebenza. Kungathatha indawo yeemarike ezikhoyo ezifana nokucoca kwimizi-mveliso kunye nokupolisha ngesandla, kunye namathuba amakhulu emarike. Amacandelo okusetyenziswa asandul’ ukuphuhliswa aquka ukucoca izinto zenkcubeko, ukucoca izakhiwo, kunye nokucoca izitalato.
• Ishishini le-Photovoltaic: Itekhnoloji yokucubungula i-laser inokuphucula kakhulu ukusebenza kakuhle kweeseli ze-photovoltaic. Iqhutywa zizinto ezintle ezifana nokwehla okuqhubekayo kweendleko zokuvelisa umbane we-photovoltaic kunye nemfuno evela kwiimarike ezikhulayo, imakethi yehlabathi ye-photovoltaic iya kuqhubeka ikhula. Ukucubungula i-laser kusetyenziswa kwiinkqubo ezinje ngokutsalwa kwe-ablation, ukusika, ukunciphisa imiphetho, kunye nokufaka i-doping kwimveliso yeeseli zelanga.

Izinto Eziphambili ZeLaser

• Ulwakhiwo lweendleko: Ukususela kwisakhiwo seendleko zeelaser, iifayibha ezikhethekileyo ze-optical, imithombo yepompo, kunye nezixhobo ze-optical zezona zinto ziphambili zeendleko, ezibalelwa ngaphezulu kwe-80%. Phakathi kwazo, imithombo yepompo kunye neefayibha ezikhethekileyo ze-optical zezona mithombo ziphambili zeendleko zezinto ezikrwada ze-fiber lasers—ngokubanzi, iifayibha ezikhethekileyo ze-optical zimalunga ne-20%, kwaye imithombo yepompo imalunga ne-30%.
• Isalathisi Sokulandelela Esibalulekileyo: Xa kuhlalutywa iinxalenye eziphambili ze-laser, uphawu olubaluleke kakhulu lubungakanani bokuzivelisa (okanye ukwenziwa kwendawo) kwezi nxalenye ziphambili. Inxalenye ephezulu yokuzivelisa (okanye ukwenziwa kwendawo) ikhokelela ekwehleni ngokukhawuleza kweendleko zokuthenga.
• Imithombo yePump: Njengomthombo wokukhanya wee-laser zefayibha, imithombo yepump isetyenziselwa ukuvuselela i-laser working medium kunye nokupompa amasuntswana asebenzayo ukusuka kwimeko yomhlaba ukuya kwinqanaba eliphezulu lamandla ukuze kufezekiswe ukuguqulwa koluntu. Ngokweeyantlukwano kwi-working media kunye neemeko zokusebenza kwe-laser, zahlulwe zibe ziintlobo ezine: i-optical excitation (optical pumping), i-gas discharge excitation, i-chemical excitation, kunye ne-nuclear energy excitation. Iindidi ezifanelekileyo zee-laser zii-fiber lasers, ii-carbon dioxide lasers, ii-solid-state lasers, njl.
• IiFibers zeOptical ezikhethekileyo: Uphawu oluphambili olwahlula iifibers zeoptical ezikhethekileyo kwiifibers zeoptical eziqhelekileyo kukusetyenziswa kwazo kwiiwavelengths ezithile. Iifibers ezifakwe iYtterbium zisetyenziswa njenge-gain media yeefayibha lasers kunye nee-fiber amplifier, ngelixa iifayibha ezingasebenziyo zisetyenziswa kwii-couplers, ii-pigtails, kunye nezinye izixhobo zeoptical.

Iindlela zoPhuhliso lweXesha elizayo kwiShishini leLaser