Iingenelo ezikhethekileyo zeTekhnoloji yokuWelda ngeLaser
1. Itekhnoloji yokuWelda ngeLaser
Umgaqo Wokusebenza: Izixhobo ezisebenzisa i-laser (ezifana nomxube we-CO₂ kunye nezinye iigesi, iikristale ze-YAG yttrium aluminium garnet, njl.njl.) ziyachwayita ngendlela ethile ukuze zijikeleze zibuyele umva ngaphakathi komngxuma ojikelezayo, zivelise umqadi wokukhanya ovuselelweyo. Xa umqadi udibana nomsebenzi, amandla awo ayafunxwa. Ukuwelda kungenziwa xa ubushushu bufikelela kwinqanaba lokunyibilika kwezinto.
2. Iiparameter eziphambili zeItekhnoloji yokuWelda ngeLaser
(1) Ubuninzi bamandla
Xa amandla engaphantsi, umaleko womphezulu uthatha ii-milliseconds ezininzi ukufikelela kwinqanaba lokubila. Ngaphambi kokuba umphezulu ube ngumphunga, umaleko ongaphantsi uyanyibilika kuqala, nto leyo eququzelela ukwenziwa kwee-fusion welds ezikumgangatho ophezulu.
(2) Ifomu yeLaser Pulse Waveform
Ukukhanya kweentsimbi kutshintsha ngokuguquguqukayo ngexesha lomjikelo we-laser pulse. Kuhla kakhulu xa ubushushu bomphezulu bufikelela kwinqanaba lokunyibilika kwaye kuzinza ngexabiso elingaguqukiyo xa umphezulu ukwimeko yokunyibilika.
(3) Ububanzi beLaser Pulse
Nangona kunjalo, ububanzi be-pulse obude buyanciphisa amandla aphezulu. Ke ngoko, ububanzi be-pulse obude buhlala busetyenziswa kwi-heat conduction welding, nto leyo evelisa imithungo ebanzi, enganzulu ye-weld efanelekileyo ngokukodwa kwi-lap welding yeepleyiti ezincinci nezityebileyo.
Oko kuthethiweyo, amandla aphantsi kakhulu anokubangela ubushushu obugqithisileyo. Isixhobo ngasinye sinobubanzi obufanelekileyo bokubetha kwentliziyo obunceda kakhulu ekungeneni kwe-weld.
(4) Isixa sokuSusa uQokelelo
(5) Iindlela zokuSusa ukugxila
Ngokwethiyori ye-geometric optics, uxinano lwamandla kwiiplane ezikude ngokulinganayo nomphezulu we-welding (kwiindlela ezilungileyo nezingalunganga ze-defocus) ziphantse zifane. Nangona kunjalo, ngokwesiqhelo, iimilo zedama le-weld eziphumayo zahlukile kancinci. I-Negative defocus ivelisa ukungena okukhulu kwe-weld, okunxulumene nendlela yokwakheka kwedama le-weld.
(6) Isantya sokuWelda
Kumandla e-laser athile kunye nobukhulu bezinto ezithile, kukho uluhlu oluchanekileyo lwesantya sokuwelda, apho ukungena kwe-weld okuphezulu kunokufikelelwa khona ngexabiso lesantya esifanelekileyo.
(7) Igesi yokukhusela
Ukukhusela igesi kwenza imisebenzi emithathu ephambili:
- Khusela ichibi lokuwelda ekungcolisweni komoya.
- Khusela ilensi egxile ekungcolisweni ngumphunga wesinyithi kunye nokuchitheka kwamaconsi anyibilikisiweyo—umsebenzi obalulekileyo kwi-laser welding enamandla aphezulu apho ukuchitheka kunamandla kakhulu.
- Ukusasaza ngempumelelo ilifu leplasma eliveliswa ngexesha lokuwelda nge-laser enamandla aphezulu. Umphunga wesinyithi ufunxa amandla e-laser kwaye ujike ube yi-plasma; iplasma egqithisileyo inokunciphisa amandla e-laser beam.
3. Iziphumo ezizodwa zeTekhnoloji yokuWelda ngeLaser
- Isiphumo Sokuhlanjululwa Kwe-Weld: Xa umqadi we-laser ukhanyisa umthungo we-weld, ukungcola kwe-oxide okukwizinto kutsala amandla e-laser ngokufanelekileyo kakhulu kunesinyithi esisisiseko. Ezi ngcola ziyafudunyezwa ngokukhawuleza, zipheliswe, kwaye zikhutshwe, nto leyo enciphisa kakhulu umxholo wokungcola kwi-weld. Ngoko ke,ukuwelda nge-laserayigcini nje ngokuthintela ungcoliseko lwezinto ezisetyenziswayo kodwa ikwayicoca ngokukhutheleyo loo nto.
- Isiphumo Sokothuka Sokuqhuma Kwefoto: Xa amandla aphezulu kakhulu, ukukhanyiswa kwelaser enamandla kubangela ukufuma ngokukhawuleza kwesinyithi kumthungo we-weld. Phantsi koxinzelelo lomphunga wesinyithi okhawulezayo, isinyithi esinyibilikisiweyo kwidama le-weld sidlula ekuqhumeni. I-shockwave enamandla isasazeka nzulu kwizinto, idala umngxuma wesitshixo omncinci. Njengoko umqadi welaser uhamba ngexesha lokukhanyiswa, isinyithi esinyibilikisiweyo esijikelezileyo siqhubeka sizalisa umngxuma wesitshixo kwaye siqine ukuze senze umngxuma onamandla, ongena nzulu.
- Impembelelo yeMingxunya yeKeyhole kwi-Deep Penetration Welding: Xa umqadi welaser onamandla afikelela kwi-10⁷ W/cm² ukhanyisa izinto, izinga lokungena kwamandla kwi-weld lidlula kakhulu izinga lokulahleka kobushushu ngokuhambisa, ukuhambisa, kunye nemitha. Oku kubangela ukufuma ngokukhawuleza kwesinyithi kwindawo ekhanyiswa yilaser, okwenza umngxunya wekeyhole kwidama le-weld phantsi komphunga oxinzelelweyo ophezulu.
Njengemngxuma omnyama weenkwenkwezi, umngxuma wesitshixo ufunxa phantse onke amandla e-incident laser, uvumela umqadi ukuba ungene ngqo ezantsi kwesitshixo. Ubunzulu bomngxuma wesitshixo bumisela ubunzulu bokungena kwe-weld.
- Impembelelo Yokugxila Kwilaser Kwiindonga Zemingxunya Yokhiye: Ngexesha lokwenziwa kwemingxunya yokhiye kwidama lokuwelda, imiphumo yemingxunya yelaser kwiindonga zemingxunya yokhiye idla ngokuba ne-engile enkulu yokwenzeka. Le mingxunya ibonakala kwiindonga zemingxunya yokhiye kwaye isasazeka iye ezantsi kwindonga yokhiye, nto leyo ebangela ukuba amandla angene ngaphakathi kwindonga yokhiye. Le meko, eyaziwa ngokuba yimpembelelo yokugxila kwindonga yokhiye, iphucula ngokufanelekileyo amandla elaser ngaphakathi kwindonga yokhiye kwaye inegalelo kubuchule obukhethekileyo bokuwelda ngelaser.
4. Iingenelo zeTekhnoloji yokuWelda ngeLaser
- Inkqubo yokuWelda eKhawulezayo: Ixesha elifutshane lokukhanyisa nge-laser lenza kube lula ukuwelda ngokukhawuleza, okungagcini nje ngokunyusa imveliso kodwa kunciphisa ukuxinana kwezinto kwaye kunciphisa indawo echaphazeleka bubushushu. Oku kuyenza ifaneleke kakhulu ukuwelda izinto ezinobuzwe bubushushu ezifana nee-transistors. Ukuwelda nge-laser akuvelisi slag yokuwelda kwaye kuphelisa isidingo sokususa i-oxide ngaphambi kokuwelda. Inokwenza nokuwelda ngeglasi, nto leyo eyenza ukuba ifaneleke ngakumbi ekuvelisweni kwezixhobo ezincinci ngokuchanekileyo.
- Ukuhambelana kwezinto ezibanzi: Ukuwelda nge-laser kunokudibanisa kungekuphela nje iintsimbi ezifanayo kodwa neentsimbi ezahlukeneyo, kwaneendibaniselwano zesinyithi nezingezizo ezesinyithi. Umzekelo, iisekethe ezidibeneyo ezinee-substrates ze-ceramic kunzima ukuziwelda kusetyenziswa iindlela eziqhelekileyo ngenxa yeqondo eliphezulu lokunyibilika kwee-ceramics kunye nesidingo sokuphepha uxinzelelo loomatshini. Ukuwelda nge-laser kubonelela ngesisombululo esifanelekileyo kwezo zicelo. Nangona kunjalo, qaphela ukuba ukuwelda nge-laser akufanelekanga kuzo zonke iindibaniselwano zezinto ezahlukeneyo.
5. Imeko zokusetyenziswa kunye namashishini okuWelda ngeLaser
- Ukuwelda koQhubo lobushushu: Isetyenziswa kakhulu ekuchwethezeni ngokuchanekileyo, njengokucubungula imiphetho yamacwecwe esinyithi abhityileyo kunye nokwenza izixhobo zonyango.
- Ukuwelda kunye nokuBeka okuNzulu: Kwamkelwe kakhulu kwishishini leemoto. Ukuwelda okunzulu kusetyenziselwa ukuwelda imizimba yeemoto, iitransmissions, kunye neecasing zangaphandle; ukubeksa kusetyenziswa kakhulu ekuhlanganiseni umzimba weemoto.
- Ukuwelda ngeLaser Conduction kwiNonmetals: Isebenzisa uluhlu olubanzi lwezicelo, kubandakanya imveliso yeempahla zabathengi, ukwenziwa kweemoto, ukwenziwa kwe-elektroniki ebiyelweyo, kunye netekhnoloji yezonyango.
- Ukuwelda okuxutyiweyo: Kufanelekile ngokukodwa kwizakhiwo zentsimbi ezikhethekileyo, ezifana nokwenziwa kweedekhi zeenqanawa.
Ixesha leposi: Disemba-15-2025
