Ubudlelwane phakathi kwesantya sokuwelda kunye nomgangatho wokuwelda

Ubudlelwane phakathi kwesantya sokuwelda kunye nomgangatho wokuwelda kufuneka buqondwe ngokwedizayini kwaye akukho nanye kwezi zinto ifanele ingananzwa. Bubonakala kakhulu kwinqanaba lokufudumeza kunye nenqanaba lokukristala.

1. Inqanaba lokufudumeza

Phantsi kweemeko zokusebenza zeepayipi ezifakwe umthungo othe tye ojikelezayo, umphetho wetyhubhu engenanto ufudunyezwa ukusuka kubushushu begumbi ukuya kubushushu bokuwelda. Ngeli xesha, umphetho wetyhubhu engenanto awunalo ukhuseleko konke konke kwaye uvezwa ngokupheleleyo emoyeni. Oku ngokungenakuphepheka kubangela ukusabela okukhulu ngeoksijini, initrogen kunye nezinye izinto emoyeni, okwandisa kakhulu initrogen kunye nee-oxides kwi-weld seam. Kulinganiswe ukuba umxholo wenitrogen kwi-weld seam uyanda ngamaxesha angama-20 ukuya kuma-45 ngenxa yoko. Umxholo weoksijini ngoko ke uyanda ngamaxesha asi-7 ukuya kuma-35. Okwangoku, inani elikhulu lezinto ezixutywayo ezifana ne-manganese kunye ne-carbon eziluncedo kwi-weld seam ziyatshiswa kwaye ziphele, nto leyo ebangela ukwehla kweempawu zoomatshini ze-weld seam. Ukusuka koku, kunokubonwa ukuba ngale ndlela, okukhona isantya sokuwelda sicotha, kokukhona umgangatho we-weld seam usiba mbi.

Akuphelelanga apho, okukhona umda wetyhubhu eshushu ungenamsebenzi ubonakala emoyeni ixesha elide, oko kukuthi, okukhona isantya sokudibanisa sicotha, kokukhona ii-oxide ezingezizo zesinyithi ziya kuveliswa kwinqanaba elinzulu. Ezi oxide ezingezizo zesinyithi zinzima ukukhutshwa ngokupheleleyo kwi-weld seam ngexesha lenkqubo yokudibanisa i-extrusion elandelayo. Emva kokudibanisa i-crystallization, zihlala kwi-weld seam ngendlela ye-non-metallic inclusions, zenze i-interface ebuthathaka eyahlukileyo. Ngaloo ndlela kutshabalalisa ukuhambelana kwesakhiwo se-weld kunye nokunciphisa amandla e-weld. Okukhona isantya sokudibanisa sikhawuleza, kokukhona ixesha lokudibanisa lifutshane, kwaye ii-oxide ezingezizo zesinyithi eziveliswayo, ezilinganiselweyo kumaleko womphezulu, zinokukhutshwa ngokulula kwi-weld seam ngexesha lenkqubo yokukhupha elandelayo. Akuyi kubakho nentsalela ye-oxide engeyiyo yesinyithi egqithisileyo kwi-weld seam, kwaye amandla e-weld seam aphezulu.

2. Isigaba sekristali

Ngokwemigaqo ye-metallography, ukuze kufunyanwe ii-welds ezinamandla aphezulu, kuyimfuneko ukucokisa iinkozo zesakhiwo se-weld kangangoko kunokwenzeka. Indlela esisiseko yokuphucula kukwenza inani elaneleyo lee-crystal nuclei ngexesha elifutshane, ukuze zihlangane ngaphambi kokuba zikhule kakhulu kwaye inkqubo ye-crystallization iphele. Oku kufuna ukonyusa isantya se-welding ukuze umthungo we-weld uphume ngokukhawuleza kwindawo yokufudumeza, ukuze umthungo we-weld ukwazi ukukristala ngokukhawuleza kwinqanaba elikhulu le-subcooling. Xa izinga le-undercooling lisanda, izinga le-nucleation linokwanda kakhulu, ngelixa izinga lokukhula linyuka kancinci, ngaloo ndlela kufezekiswa injongo yokucoca i-weld grain.

Ngoko ke, nokuba kujongwa kwinqanaba lokufudumeza lenkqubo yokuwelda okanye ukupholisa emva kokuwelda, phantsi kwengcamango yokuhlangabezana neemeko ezisisiseko zokuwelda, okukhona isantya sokuwelda sikhawuleza, kokukhona umgangatho womthungo wokuwelda ungcono.

UMavenumatshini wokuwelda we-laser werobhothiyilaser yefayibha edibanisa umqadi welaser onamandla aphezulu kunye nelaser yerobhothi njengeqonga elihambayo lokuwelda. Naluphi na umzila wendawo unokuwelda. Umatshini wokuwelda welaser oneenjongo ezininzi unokucwangciswa ukuba uwelda iindawo ezinzima ukufikelela kuzo ngoomatshini abaqhelekileyo bowelda belaser, nto leyo enika ukuguquguquka okuphezulu kokuwelda. Umqadi welaser unokwahlulwahlulwa ngexesha nangamandla, nto leyo evumela ukucutshungulwa ngaxeshanye kwemiqadi emininzi kunye nokuphucula imveliso yokuwelda.