Iindaba - Usetyenziso oluphambili lwe-laser kushishino

Ukusukela oko yaqala ukusebenza ngeminyaka yoo-1960, iteknoloji yelaser iye yakhula ngokukhawuleza yaba sisixhobo esibalulekileyo kwicandelo lemveliso yemizi-mveliso ngenxa yobuninzi bayo bamandla, indlela elungileyo yokusebenza kunye nolawulo. Xa kuthelekiswa neendlela zemveli zokucubungula oomatshini, ukucubungula ilaser kuneenzuzo ezibalulekileyo ezifana nokungaqhagamshelani, ukuchaneka okuphezulu kunye nenqanaba eliphezulu lokuzenzekelayo, kwaye kusetyenziswa kakhulu kwimveliso yemizi-mveliso efana nokusika izinto, ukuwelda, ukumakisha, ukubhola kunye nokuvelisa izongezo. Ngokwehlobo lwelaser kunye neempawu zayo zenkqubo, ukucubungula ilaser yemizi-mveliso kwahlulwe kakhulu kwiindidi ezintathu: ukusika ilaser, ukuwelda ilaser kunye nokuvelisa izongezo zelaser. Indlela nganye yenkqubo inendlela yayo eyahlukileyo yokusebenza kunye nobubanzi besicelo.

Ukusika nge-laser

Ukusika ilaser yenye yezona zixhobo zivuthiweyo ze-laser kwimizi-mveliso. Isebenzisa umqadi welaser onamandla aphezulu ukunyibilikisa nokufutha izinto, kwaye idityaniswe negesi encedisayo ukuvuthuza i-slag, ifezekisa ukusika okusebenzayo nokuchanekileyo. Iilaser ze-CO₂ kunye neelaser zefayibha ngoku zezona zixhobo ziphambili, ezifanelekileyo ukusika iipleyiti eziphakathi nezincinci zezinto ezifana nentsimbi yekhabhoni, intsimbi engatyiwayo, kunye ne-aluminium alloy. Iingenelo zale teknoloji zikwisithuba sayo esincinci, indawo encinci echaphazeleka bubushushu, akukho mfuneko yesikhunta kunye nokukwazi ukutshintsha ngokukhawuleza iindlela zokucubungula. Ifanelekile ngokukodwa kumashishini afunwa kakhulu afana nokuvelisa iimoto, ukucubungula isinyithi kunye ne-aerospace.

Kwimveliso yeemoto, ukusika nge-laser kusetyenziswa ukuvelisa izinto ezahlukeneyo ukusuka kwiiphaneli zomzimba ukuya kwiinjini. Umzekelo, ii-fiber lasers zisetyenziselwa ukusika ngokuchanekileyo izinto zentsimbi ezinamandla aphezulu, ngaloo ndlela zenza kube lula kwiimoto.

(2) Ishishini leenqwelo-moya likwazuza kubuchwepheshe bokusika nge-laser, ingakumbi ekuvelisweni kwezinto ezintsonkothileyo ezenziwe ngezinto eziphambili ezifana ne-titanium kunye nezinto ezidityanisiweyo. Umzekelo, ii-laser ezikhawulezayo zingasetyenziselwa ukusika izinto ze-titanium alloy ezineemilo ezintsonkothileyo, ngelixa zinciphisa umonakalo wobushushu kwaye ziqinisekisa ukuthembeka kwesakhiwo sezinto, nto leyo ephucula kakhulu ukusebenza kunye nokhuseleko lwezixhobo zeenqwelo-moya.

Ukuwelda nge-laser

Ukuwelda nge-laser kufezekisa uqhagamshelo ngokunyibilikisa ngokukhawuleza izinto zesinyithi nge-laser beam, equka ukungena okunzulu, isantya esiphezulu, kunye nokufakwa kobushushu obuphantsi. Iindlela eziqhelekileyo zokuwelda ziquka ukuwelda nge-laser okuqhubekayo kunye nokuwelda nge-pulsed laser, ezifanelekileyo kwi-thin plate precision welding kunye ne-deep penetration welding. Xa kuthelekiswa nokuwelda nge-arc, i-laser weld seams inamandla aphezulu kwaye ayinakuguqulwa kangako, kwaye isebenza kwiindawo ezifana nokupakishwa kwebhetri, ukuwelda kwe-stainless steel component, kunye nokuveliswa kwe-nuclear power structure component. Ingakumbi kwimveliso yebhetri, ukuwelda nge-laser kuye kwaba yindlela yoqhagamshelo eqhelekileyo.

(1) Kwishishini leemoto, ukuwelda nge-laser kusetyenziswa ukudibanisa iiphaneli zomzimba, izinto zenjini, kunye nezinye izinto ezibalulekileyo. Umzekelo, ii-fiber lasers zisetyenziselwa ukuwelda ngokuchanekileyo kwezinto zentsimbi ezinamandla aphezulu ukuze zenze amalungu aqinileyo nahlala ixesha elide.

(2) Kwishishini le-elektroniki, ukuwelda nge-laser kusetyenziswa ukuqhagamshela ngokuchanekileyo kwezinto ezincinci nezichanekileyo. Umzekelo, ii-diode lasers zisetyenziselwa ukuwelda iiseli zebhetri kwiibhetri ze-lithium-ion ukuqinisekisa ukuthembeka kokuqhagamshela ngombane.

(3) Kwishishini leenqwelo-moya, iBoeing 787 Dreamliner isebenzisa iteknoloji yokuwelda nge-laser ukudibanisa i-titanium alloys kunye nezinto ezidityanisiweyo, inciphisa kakhulu inani lee-rivets, yehlisa ubunzima be-fuselage, kwaye iphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwepetroli.

Itekhnoloji yelaser, njengentsika ebalulekileyo yokwenziwa kwezinto eziphucukileyo, iqhubeka nokwandisa imida yayo yokusetyenziswa kwemizi-mveliso. Okwangoku, ukucubungula nge-laser kukwaphuhliswa kumandla aphezulu, ukuchaneka okuphezulu kunye nemiyalelo yokudibanisa iinkqubo ezininzi, njenge-laser-electric arc composite welding, i-laser ultrafast micro-processing, kunye neenkqubo zokubeka esweni nge-laser. Kwixesha elizayo, ngokuqhubela phambili okuqhubekayo kwe-high-power semiconductor lasers, iinkqubo zolawulo ezikrelekrele, kunye neengcamango zokwenza izinto eziluhlaza, ukucubungula nge-laser kuya kuqhubeka nokudlala indima ephambili kwimveliso ekrelekrele, iimveliso ezenzelwe wena, kunye namacandelo okucubungula izinto ezigqithisileyo.