Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, ukucocwa nge-laser kube yenye yezona ndawo ziphambili zophando kwicandelo lokwenziwa kwemveliso yemizi-mveliso, uphando lugubungela inkqubo, ithiyori, izixhobo kunye nokusetyenziswa kwayo. Kwizicelo zemizi-mveliso, iteknoloji yokucoca nge-laser ikwazile ukucoca ngokuthembekileyo inani elikhulu leendawo ezahlukeneyo ze-substrate, izinto zokucoca eziquka intsimbi, i-aluminium, i-titanium, iglasi kunye nezinto ezidityanisiweyo, njl.njl., amashishini ezicelo agubungela i-aerospace, i-aircraft, ukuthunyelwa kwempahla, uloliwe okhawulezayo, iimoto, isikhunta, amandla enyukliya kunye nolwandle kunye namanye amasimi.
Itekhnoloji yokucoca nge-laser, eyaqala kwiminyaka yoo-1960, ineengenelo zokuba nefuthe elihle lokucoca, uluhlu olubanzi lwezicelo, ukuchaneka okuphezulu, ukungadibani kunye nokufikeleleka. Kwimveliso yemizi-mveliso, imveliso kunye nokugcinwa kunye nezinye iindawo zineendlela ezahlukeneyo zokusetyenziswa, kulindeleke ukuba zithathe indawo yeendlela zokucoca zemveli ngokuyinxenye okanye ngokupheleleyo, kwaye zibe yitekhnoloji yokucoca eluhlaza ethembisayo kakhulu kwinkulungwane yama-21.
Indlela yokucoca nge-laser
Inkqubo yokucoca nge-laser iyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, ibandakanya iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokususa izinto, kwindlela yokucoca nge-laser, inkqubo yokucoca inokubakho ngaxeshanye iindlela ezahlukeneyo, ezibangelwa ikakhulu kukunxibelelana phakathi kwe-laser nezinto, kubandakanya ukucocwa komphezulu wezinto, ukubola, i-ionization, ukubola, ukunyibilika, ukutsha, ukufuma, ukungcangcazela, ukutshixiza, ukwanda, ukushwabana, ukuqhuma, ukuxobuka, ukuphalaza kunye nolunye utshintsho lwendalo kunye neekhemikhali.
Okwangoku, iindlela eziqhelekileyo zokucoca nge-laser zezintathu ikakhulu: ukucoca nge-laser ablation, ukucoca nge-laser esebenzisa ifilimu engamanzi kunye neendlela zokucoca nge-laser shock wave.
Indlela yokucoca i-laser ablation
Iindlela eziphambili zendlela yokusebenza kukwandisa ubushushu, ukufuma, ukutsalwa kwenkunkuma kunye nokuqhuma kwesigaba. I-laser isebenza ngokuthe ngqo kwizinto eziza kususwa kumphezulu we-substrate kwaye iimeko zokusingqongileyo zinokuba ngumoya, igesi engaqhelekanga okanye i-vacuum. Iimeko zokusebenza zilula kwaye zisetyenziswa kakhulu ukususa iintlobo ngeentlobo zeengubo, iipeyinti, amasuntswana okanye ukungcola. Umzobo ongezantsi ubonisa umzobo wenkqubo yendlela yokucoca i-laser yokutsalwa kwenkunkuma.
Xa i-laser irhashalala phezu komphezulu wezinto, i-substrate kunye nezinto zokucoca zizinto zokuqala zokwandisa ubushushu. Njengoko ixesha lokunxibelelana kwe-laser kunye nezinto zokucoca lisanda, ukuba ubushushu buphantsi kunomda we-cavitation wezinto zokucoca, inkqubo yokutshintsha kwezinto zokucoca kuphela, umahluko phakathi kwezinto zokucoca kunye ne-substrate thermal expansion coefficient ikhokelela kuxinzelelo kwindawo yokuhlangana, ukugoba kwezinto zokucoca, ukukrazula kumphezulu we-substrate, ukuqhekeka, ukwaphuka koomatshini, ukutyumza ngokungcangcazela, njl.njl., izinto zokucoca zisuswa ngejethi okanye zisuswe kumphezulu we-substrate.
Ukuba ubushushu buphezulu kunobushushu bomda wokufaka igesi kwizinto zokucoca, kuya kubakho iimeko ezimbini: 1) umda wokukhupha izinto zokucoca ungaphantsi kunomda wokucoca; 2) umda wokukhupha izinto zokucoca mkhulu kunomda wokucoca.
Ezi meko zimbini zezinto zokucoca kukunyibilika, ukugabha kunye nokukhupha kunye nezinye iinguqu zefiziksi, indlela yokucoca iyinkimbinkimbi ngakumbi, ukongeza kwiziphumo zobushushu, kodwa ingabandakanya nezinto zokucoca kunye neziseko eziphakathi kokuqhekeka kwebhondi yemolekyuli, ukubola okanye ukubola kwezinto zokucoca, ukuqhuma kwesigaba, ukuveliswa kwegesi kwezinto zokucoca i-ionization ekhawulezileyo, ukuveliswa kweplasma.
(1)Ukucoca nge-laser okuncediswa yifilimu yolwelo
Indlela yokusebenza ikakhulu ine-liquid film vaporization kunye ne-vibration, njl.njl. Ukusetyenziswa kwesidingo sokukhetha ubude be-laser obufanelekileyo, ngendlela yokulungisa ukungabikho koxinzelelo lwempembelelo kwinkqubo yokucoca i-laser ablation, kunokusetyenziswa ukususa ezinye zezinto ezinzima ukuzisusa zokucoca.
Njengoko kubonisiwe kumfanekiso ongezantsi, ifilimu yolwelo (amanzi, i-ethanol okanye ezinye izinto ezilulwelo) igqunywe kwangaphambili kumphezulu wento yokucoca, ize isebenzise i-laser ukuyikhanyisa. Ifilimu yolwelo ifunxa amandla e-laser nto leyo ekhokelela ekuqhumeni okunamandla kweendaba zolwelo, ukuqhuma kolwelo olubilayo ngesantya esiphezulu, ukudluliselwa kwamandla kwizinto zokucoca umphezulu, amandla aphezulu okuqhuma okwethutyana anele ukususa ukungcola komphezulu ukuze kufezekiswe iinjongo zokucoca.
Indlela yokucoca nge-laser esebenzisa ifilimu engamanzi ineengxaki ezimbini.
Inkqubo inzima kwaye kunzima ukuyilawula.
Ngenxa yokusetyenziswa kwefilimu engamanzi, ukwakheka kweekhemikhali kumphezulu we-substrate emva kokucoca kulula ukutshintsha nokuvelisa izinto ezintsha.
(1)Indlela yokucoca uhlobo lwe-shock wave nge-laser
Indlela yokusebenza kunye nendlela yokusebenza yahluke kakhulu kwezimbini zokuqala, indlela yokusebenza ikakhulu kukususa amandla e-shock wave, izinto zokucoca ikakhulu zii-particles, ikakhulu zokususa ii-particles (sub-micron okanye nanoscale). Iimfuno zenkqubo zingqongqo kakhulu, zombini ukuqinisekisa ukuba amandla okwenza i-ionization yomoya, kodwa nokugcina umgama ofanelekileyo phakathi kwe-laser kunye ne-substrate ukuqinisekisa ukuba isenzo kwii-particles zamandla ombane sikhulu ngokwaneleyo.
Umzobo wesicwangciso senkqubo yokucoca amaza okwethutyana nge-laser uboniswe ngezantsi, i-laser ihambelana necala elithathwe ngumphezulu we-substrate, kwaye i-substrate ayidibani. Hambisa i-workpiece okanye intloko ye-laser ukuze ulungise ukugxila kwe-laser kwi-particle ekufutshane ne-laser output, indawo ephambili ye-ionization yomoya iya kwenzeka, nto leyo ekhokelela kumaza okwethutyana, amaza okwethutyana ukuya ekwandeni okukhawulezileyo kokwandiswa kwe-spherical, kwaye yandiswe ukuze iqhagamshelane namaqhekeza. Xa umzuzu we-transverse component ye-shock wave kwi-particle ungaphezulu komzuzu we-longitudinal component kunye namandla okunamathela kwamaqhekeza, iqhekeza liya kususwa ngokuqengqeleka.
Itekhnoloji yokucoca nge-laser
Indlela yokucoca i-laser isekelwe kakhulu kumphezulu wento emva kokufunxwa kwamandla e-laser, okanye ukufuma kunye nokuguquguquka, okanye ukwandiswa kobushushu okukhawulezileyo ukuze koyiswe ukufunxwa kwamasuntswana kumphezulu, ukuze into isuke kumphezulu, ize emva koko ifezekise injongo yokucoca.
Ngokucacileyo, ishwankathelwe ngolu hlobo: 1. ukubola komphunga nge-laser, 2. ukuhlutywa nge-laser, 3. ukwanda kobushushu bee-dust particles, 4. ukungcangcazela komphezulu we-substrate kunye nokungcangcazela kwee-particle spectrums ezine.
Xa kuthelekiswa nenkqubo yokucoca yendabuko, iteknoloji yokucoca nge-laser ineempawu ezilandelayo.
1. Lucoceko "olungenazo izicoci okanye ezinye izicoci zeekhemikhali, kwaye ucoceko luphezulu kakhulu kunenkqubo yokucoca ngeekhemikhali.
2. Ububanzi bokususwa kokungcola kunye noluhlu olusebenzayo lwe-substrate lubanzi kakhulu, kwaye
3. Ngokusebenzisa ulawulo lwe-laser process parameters, akunakwenzeka ukuba umphezulu we-substrate wonakaliswe ngokususa ukungcola ngempumelelo, kwaye umphezulu ulungile njengomtsha.
4. Ukucocwa nge-laser kunokuba lula ukusebenza ngokuzenzekelayo.
5. Izixhobo zokucoca nge-laser zingasetyenziswa ixesha elide, iindleko zokusebenza ziphantsi.
6. Iteknoloji yokucoca nge-laser yile: eluhlaza: inkqubo yokucoca, ukususa inkunkuma ngumgubo oqinileyo, ubungakanani obuncinci, kulula ukuyigcina, ngokusisiseko ayiyi kungcolisa okusingqongileyo.
Kwiminyaka yoo-1980, uphuhliso olukhawulezileyo lweshishini le-semiconductor kumphezulu wee-silicon wafer mask contamination particles zobuchwepheshe bokucoca lwabeka phambili iimfuno eziphezulu, ingongoma ephambili kukunqoba ungcoliseko lwee-micro-particles kunye ne-substrate phakathi kwamandla amakhulu okufunxa, ukucoca iikhemikhali zendabuko, ukucoca ngoomatshini, iindlela zokucoca nge-ultrasonic azikwazi ukuhlangabezana neemfuno, kwaye ukucoca nge-laser kunokusombulula iingxaki ezinjalo zongcoliseko, uphando oluhambelanayo kunye nezicelo ziye zaphuhliswa ngokukhawuleza.
Ngo-1987, kwavela okokuqala isicelo selungelo lomenzi we-laser ekucoceni nge-laser. Ngeminyaka yoo-1990, uZapka wasebenzisa ngempumelelo iteknoloji yokucoca nge-laser kwinkqubo yokuvelisa i-semiconductor ukususa amasuntswana amancinci kumphezulu wemaski, nto leyo eyabangela ukusetyenziswa kwangoko kweteknoloji yokucoca nge-laser kwicandelo lemizi-mveliso. Ngo-1995, abaphandi basebenzise i-laser ye-TEA-CO2 ye-2 kW ukuze baphumelele ekucoceni ukususwa kwepeyinti ye-fuselage yeenqwelo moya.
Emva kokungena kwinkulungwane yama-21, kunye nophuhliso olukhawulezayo lwe-ultra-short pulse lasers, uphando lwasekhaya nolwangaphandle kunye nokusetyenziswa kweteknoloji yokucoca i-laser kwanda kancinci kancinci, kugxilwe kumphezulu wezinto zesinyithi, izicelo eziqhelekileyo zangaphandle kukususwa kwepeyinti ye-fuselage yeenqwelo moya, ukususwa kwe-mold surface, ukususwa kwekhabhoni yangaphakathi yenjini kunye nokucoca umphezulu wamalungu ngaphambi kokuwelda. Ukucocwa kwe-laser ye-US Edison Welding Institute ye-warplane ye-FG16 nge-laser, xa amandla e-laser eyi-1 kW, umthamo wokucoca yi-2.36 cm3 ngomzuzu.
Kuyafaneleka ukukhankanya ukuba uphando kunye nokusetyenziswa kokususwa kwepeyinti yelaser kwiindawo eziphambili ezidityanisiweyo nako kuyindawo ethandwayo. Ii-propeller blades ze-US Navy HG53, HG56 helikopta kunye nomsila othe tyaba wejethi yokulwa ye-F16 kunye neminye imiphezulu edityanisiweyo ziye zaphunyezwa ukusetyenziswa kokususwa kwepeyinti yelaser, ngelixa izixhobo ezidityanisiweyo zaseTshayina kwiinqwelomoya zisetyenziswe kade, ngoko ke uphando olunjalo lukwindawo engenanto.
Ukongeza, ukusetyenziswa kwetekhnoloji yokucoca nge-laser ukunyanga umphezulu we-CFRP odibeneyo ngaphambi kokuncamathisela ukuphucula amandla e-joint nako kugxininiso lophando lwangoku. Lungisa inkampani ye-laser kumgca wokuvelisa iimoto ze-Audi TT ukuze ibonelele ngezixhobo zokucoca nge-laser ye-fiber ukucoca umphezulu wefilimu ye-oxide yesakhelo se-aluminium alloy yomnyango olula. I-Rolls G Royce UK isebenzise ukucoca nge-laser ukucoca ifilimu ye-oxide kumphezulu wezixhobo ze-titanium aero-injini.
Iteknoloji yokucoca i-laser iphuhliswe ngokukhawuleza kwiminyaka emibini edlulileyo, nokuba ziiparameter zenkqubo yokucoca i-laser kunye nendlela yokucoca, uphando lwezinto zokucoca okanye ukusetyenziswa kophando kuye kwenze inkqubela phambili enkulu. Iteknoloji yokucoca i-laser emva kophando oluninzi lwethiyori, ingqwalasela yophando lwayo ihlala ithambekele ekusetyenzisweni kophando, nasekusetyenzisweni kweziphumo ezithembisayo. Kwixesha elizayo, iteknoloji yokucoca i-laser ekukhuseleni izinto ezisetyenzisiweyo zenkcubeko kunye nemisebenzi yobugcisa iya kusetyenziswa kakhulu, kwaye imakethi yayo ibanzi kakhulu. Ngophuhliso lwesayensi netekhnoloji, ukusetyenziswa kweteknoloji yokucoca i-laser kushishino kuya kuba yinyani, kwaye ububanzi bokusetyenziswa buya busanda ngakumbi.
Inkampani ye-Maven laser automation igxile kushishino lwe-laser kangangeminyaka eli-14, sigxile ekuphawuleni nge-laser, sinomatshini wokucoca i-laser yekhabhinethi yomatshini, umatshini wokucoca i-laser yetrolley case, umatshini wokucoca i-laser yangasemva kunye nomatshini wokucoca i-laser emithathu kwi-one, ukongeza, sikwanawo nomatshini wokuwelda nge-laser, umatshini wokusika nge-laser kunye nomatshini wokukrola nge-laser, ukuba unomdla kumatshini wethu, ungasilandela kwaye uzive ukhululekile ukunxibelelana nathi.
Ixesha lokuthumela: Novemba-14-2022
