Ukuwelda ngamabala yindlela yokudibanisa ekhawulezayo nengabizi kakhulu. Ifanelekile ekudibaniseni izinto ezincinci ezinamabala angaphantsi ezingafuni moya uqinileyo. Kukho iintlobo ezininzi zokuwelda ngamabala, ezinje ngokuwelda ngamabala aqinileyo, ukuwelda ngamabala ajikelezayo, ukuwelda ngamabala anamathelayo,ukuwelda indawo edityanisiweyo, kunye nokuwelda ngamabala elaser. Okwangoku, ukuwelda ngamabala elaser kusetyenziswa kakhulu kwimveliso. Xa sijonga imboni yeemoto njengomzekelo, kufuneka amabala elaser angama-3,000 ukuya kuma-4,000 ngexesha lokuhlanganiswa kwezinto zephaneli yomzimba wemoto, ezifuna iirobhothi ezingama-250 ukuya kuma-300, kunye neenkqubo zolawulo ezixhasayo kunye nezinye izixhobo ezincedisayo. Nangona kunjalo, ukuwelda ngamabala elaser kungabi namandla. Ngophuhliso olukhawulezayo lwezoqoqosho, umjikelo wohlaziyo lweemilo zejometri kunye nezakhiwo zezinto zeemoto uye waba mfutshane kakhulu. Ukuphuculwa kweemveliso ezintsha kunye neemodeli kufuna uhlobo olutsha lwetekhnoloji yokuwelda ngamabala esebenza kakuhle neguquguqukayo. Ke ngoko, itekhnoloji yokuwelda ngamabala elaser iye yaba yinto ephambili ekuqwalaselweni kuyo kwaye kulindeleke ukuba isetyenziswe kakhulu kwimveliso yemizi-mveliso yeemoto. Kwicandelo leenqwelo moya, ukuwelda ngamabala elaser kuvavanywa njengetekhnoloji eyahlukileyo. Kangangexesha elide, amalungu ee-lap joints zeemveliso zeenqwelo moya ngokubanzi asebenzise i-riveting, equka iinkqubo ezininzi zemveliso kunye nomsebenzi onzima. Ngokusetyenziswa okwandayo kwezinto ezintsha ezifana nee-aluminium alloys, ii-titanium alloys, kunye nezinto ezidityanisiweyo, ukwamkela itekhnoloji entsha yokuwelda ukuze kuthathe indawo yeendlela zemveli zokudibanisa kuye kwaba ngumkhwa oqhelekileyo. Oku akuphuculi nje kuphela ukusebenza kakuhle kwemveliso kodwa kunciphisa ubunzima besakhiwo kwaye kuyahlangabezana neemfuno zoyilo olutsha lwesakhiwo, nto leyo ebaluleke kakhulu kwiimveliso zeenqwelo-moya. Ukuchaneka okuphezulu kunye nokuguquguquka okuphezulu kwe-laser spot welding kuyinika iingenelo ezibalulekileyo kwimveliso esebenzayo, ingakumbi kwishishini leenqwelo-moya, apho inokuthatha indawo yeenkqubo zemveli ezifana ne-resistance spot welding kunye ne-riveting.
I. Inkcazo kunye neempawu ze-Laser Spot Welding
Inkcazo
Ukuwelda kwe-laser spot kubhekisa kwinkqubo yokunyibilikisa nokudibanisa izinto zokusebenza kusetyenziswa i-laser pulse enye (t > 1ms) okanye uthotho lwee-laser pulses kwindawo enye.
Ukuwelda kwe-laser spot ngokusisiseko kufana nezinye iinkqubo zokuwelda nge-laser; umahluko kuphela kukuba akukho kufuduka phakathi komqadi we-laser kunye ne-workpiece ngexesha lokuwelda kwe-spot. Ukuwelda kwe-laser spot kwahlulwe kwiindidi ezimbini: ukuwelda kwe-thermal conduction kunye nokuwelda kwe-keyhole. Kwi-thermal conduction spot welding, i-laser inokunyibilikisa isinyithi kuphela ngaphandle kokuyifumisa. Le ndlela ifanelekile ngakumbi kwi-welding metals ezinobukhulu obungaphantsi kwe-0.5mm, njenge-Nd:YAG laser spot welding yezinto ze-elektroniki. Kwi-keyhole laser spot welding, i-laser inokungena ngqo ngaphakathi kwezinto nge-keyhole, inyusa izinga lokusetyenziswa kwamandla e-laser kwaye ifikelele kubunzulu obukhulu bokungena. Ukuwelda kwe-resistance spot welding yendabuko kunyibilikisa izinto zokusebenza ukuze zenze iindawo zokuwelda kusetyenziswa ubushushu bokumelana obuveliswa ngumbane, ngelixa umthombo wobushushu wokuwelda kwe-laser spot uvela kwimitha ye-laser, nto leyo ebangela iimilo ze-weld spot ezahlukeneyo kakhulu.
Iiparameter ezihlengahlengiswayo zokuwelda indawo yelaser ngokubanzi ziquka amandla elaser, ixesha lokuwelda indawo, kunye nobungakanani bokufocus. Kwi-spot welding kusetyenziswa i-pulse mode, iiparameter ziquka i-pulse waveform, i-frequency, kunye nomjikelo womsebenzi. Phakathi kwezi, amandla elaser achaphazela kakhulu ubunzulu bokungena kwendawo yokuwelda, ngelixa ixesha lokuwelda indawo linempembelelo enkulu kubungakanani obusecaleni bendawo yokuwelda. Ngokubanzi, ixesha elide lesenzo selaser, kokukhona ubukhulu bomphezulu ophezulu nowasezantsi wendawo yokuwelda kunye nobukhulu bomphezulu wokudityaniswa. Utshintsho kubungakanani be-defocus luchaphazela ubukhulu be-spot kunye noxinano lwamandla olusebenza kumphezulu we-workpiece, ngaloo ndlela lunempembelelo enkulu kwimo iyonke yendawo yokuwelda.
Iimpawu
- Njengoko i-laser ingumthombo wobushushu, i-spot welding inika isantya esiphezulu, ukuchaneka okuphezulu, ukufakelwa kobushushu obuphantsi, kunye nokuguquguquka okuncinci kwe-workpiece.
- Inqanaba lenkululeko kwiindawo zokuwelda kwiindawo ezikude liphucuke kakhulu, nto leyo eyenza ukuba kube lula ukuwelda kwiindawo ezikude kuzo zonke iindawo kwaye kube lula ukuyiqonda.ukuwelda indawo enamacala amabini, ngaloo ndlela iphucula kakhulu inkululeko yoyilo lwemveliso.
- Ukuwelda kwelaser kuneemfuno eziphantsi zobukhulu bamalungu elaphu. Kukho imida emincinci kwimida efana nobungakanani bamalungu elaphu kunye nomgama phakathi kwamabala elaphu, kwaye akukho mfuneko yokuqwalasela impembelelo yokushukuma kwangoku.
- Kwi-welding yeepleyiti ezinobukhulu obungalinganiyo, izinto ezahlukeneyo, kunye nezixhobo ezikhethekileyo (ii-alloys ze-aluminium, amaphepha e-galvanized), i-laser spot welding isebenza ngcono kuneendlela zendabuko ze-spot welding.
- Ayifuni zixhobo ezininzi ezincedisayo, inokuziqhelanisa ngokukhawuleza notshintsho lwemveliso, kwaye ihlangabezane neemfuno zemarike.
II. Uhlalutyo olupheleleyo lwe-Laser Spot Welding
Ukuqhekeka, iimbobo, kunye nokuwa zezona ziphene zixhaphakileyo kwi-laser spot welding, ezihlalutywa nganye nganye ngezantsi.
1. Iintanda
Iimfantu zahlulwe zibe ziimfantu ezingaphezulu komhlaba kunye neemfantu ezinde. Amanqanaba okufudumeza nokupholisa ngexesha lokuwelda amabala nge-laser akhawuleza kakhulu, nto leyo ebangela ukuba kubekho ubushushu obukhulu phakathi kwendawo eshushu kunye nesinyithi esijikelezileyo, nto leyo ekhokelela ngokulula ekwakhekeni kweemfantu. Ukwenzeka kweemfantu kunxulumene kakhulu nezinto ezisetyenzisiweyo; umzekelo, ii-alloys ze-aluminium zinotyekelo oluphezulu kakhulu lokuqhekeka ngexesha lokuwelda amabala nge-laser kunentsimbi engatyiwayo. Indlela esebenzayo yokucinezela ukwakheka kweemfantu kukuphucula i-pulse waveform ukulawula izinga lokuphola kwenkqubo yokuqina kwesinyithi kunye nokunciphisa uxinzelelo lwangaphakathi.
2. Iimbobo
Iziphene ezinemingxuma (iimbobo) kwi-laser spot welds zinokwahlulwa zibe ziimbobo ezincinci kunye neembobo ezinkulu. Iimbobo ezincinci zibangelwa ikakhulu kukuncipha kokunyibilika kwe-hydrogen kwisinyithi esilulwelo ngexesha lokuqina kwesinyithi, kunye nokuphuma ngokukhawuleza kwesinyithi kwisitshixo kunye nokuphazamiseka kwechibi elinyibilikisiweyo. Iimbobo ezinkulu zibangelwa kakhulu kukukhawuleza kokupholisa ngexesha lokufakelwa kwe-laser spot, okushiya ixesha elaneleyo lokuba isinyithi esijikeleze isitshixo sibuyele umva. Ngokubanzi, iimbobo ezincinci zinokwenzeka kwi-long-pulse spot welding, ngelixa iimbobo ezinkulu zinokwenzeka kwi-short-pulse spot welding.
Kukho iindawo ezimbini apho iimbobo zibonakala khona kakhulu kwi-laser spot welding: enye ikufutshane nendawo yokudibanisa embindini wendawo yokudibanisa, kwaye enye ikwiingcambu ze-weld. Imifanekiso enyibilikayo ethathwe yi-X-ray ibonisa ukuba iimbobo ezikufutshane nendawo yokudibanisa zibangelwa kukuqhekeka kwentamo xa isitshixo sivala; kwiimbobo ezikwiingcambu zesitshixo, zenziwa ikakhulu kukudilika kwesitshixo ngenxa yokunyamalala ngokukhawuleza kwe-laser emva kokwenziwa kwesitshixo.
3. Ukuwa
Ukugoba yinto ecacileyo kwi-laser spot welding. Ukugoba okuphakathi kumphezulu we-weld spot kunye nokuqokelelwa kwesinyithi okujikeleze yona kubangelwa ngamandla okugoba adalwa kukufuma kwesinyithi okutyhala isinyithi esilulwelo kumphezulu we-weld spot. Ngexesha lenkqubo yokupholisa, isinyithi esiqokelelweyo kumphezulu siyaqina ngokukhawuleza kwaye asinakuzaliswa ngokupheleleyo. Ukongeza, ukulahleka kwezinto okubangelwa kukufuma kwesinyithi ngokukhawuleza kunye nokuchitheka kwayo yenye into enegalelo ekugoba okuphakathi. Ixesha lokubetha kwentliziyo linempembelelo enkulu kokugoba komphezulu we-weld spot kunye nokwenziwa kwee-pores. Amabala okubetha anelisekayo anokufunyanwa ngokuphucula i-pulse waveform kunye nexesha.
4. Impembelelo ye-Defocus Amount kwi-Weld Spots
Utshintsho kwinani le-defocus lutshintsha ngokuthe ngqo ububanzi bendawo kunye noxinano lwamandla. Xa inani le-defocus linyuka kuzo zombini iindlela ezimbi nezilungileyo, oko kuthetha ukuba ububanzi bendawo buyanda kwaye uxinano lwamandla luyancipha. Ngexesha lokuwelda kwe-laser spot, kukho ubudlelwane obuthile obuhambelanayo phakathi kobubanzi bendawo kunye nobukhulu bomngxuma wokuqala owenziwe sisiganeko se-laser kwisiqwenga sovavanyo, ngelixa uxinano lwamandla lumisela izinga lokwandiswa kwedama elinyibilikisiweyo. Xa ixabiso elipheleleyo lenani le-defocus lincinci, ububanzi be-laser spot buncinci, uxinano lwamandla e-laser luphezulu, kwaye izinga lokwandiswa kwedama elinyibilikisiweyo le-weld spot likhawuleza, kodwa ububanzi bomngxuma wokuqala buncinci. Ngokuchaseneyo, xa inani le-defocus likhulu, ububanzi bomngxuma wokuqala bukhulu, kodwa izinga lokwandiswa kwedama elinyibilikisiweyo liyehla, kwaye ubungakanani be-weld spot obuvelayo busenokungabi bukhulu. Ke ngoko, ngexesha lokutshintsha kwenani le-defocus, isiphumo esibanzi sobubanzi be-spot kunye noxinano lwamandla omphezulu wendawo ye-weld bumisela ubungakanani bendawo ye-weld.
III. Ukusetyenziswa kobuchwepheshe bokuWelda amabala eLaser
Ukuwelda kwe-laser spot kunesantya esiphezulu, ubunzulu obukhulu bokungena, ukuguqulwa okuncinci, kwaye kunokwenziwa kubushushu begumbi okanye phantsi kweemeko ezikhethekileyo ngezixhobo ezilula zokuwelda. Ukongeza, ukuvela kwe-high-frequency pulse lasers (ene-frequency ephezulu kune-40 pulses ngomzuzwana) kuye kwenza ukuba kusetyenziswe ngokubanzi ukuwelda kwe-laser spot ekuhlanganiseni nasekuwelda kwezinto ezincinci nezincinci kwimveliso ezenzekelayo ngobuninzi. Xa kuwelda izinto ezincinci ze-elektroniki ezifuna indawo encinci echaphazelekileyo bubushushu—njengonxibelelwano phakathi kweglasi nesinyithi, unxibelelwano lwamalungu kwiisekethe ze-semiconductor ezinobushushu, kunye nonxibelelwano phakathi kweentsimbi ezahlukeneyo kwiingcingo—ukuwelda kwe-laser spot kunenzuzo ngakumbi kuneenkqubo zendabuko zokuwelda kwe-spot (umz., ukuwelda kwe-resistance spot), kunye neendawo zokuwelda ezingenangcoliseko kunye nomgangatho ophezulu wokuwelda. Umfanekiso 6-60 ubonisa umzekelo wokusetyenziswa kokuwelda kwe-laser spot ekuvelisweni kwee-headlights zeemoto: i-500W solid-state pulse laser ivelisa iindawo ezine ezifanayo zokuwelda ezine-frequency ephezulu kakhulu yokuwelda.
Xa kusenziwa i-spot welding echanekileyo kakhulu kwizakhiwo ezincinci kusetyenziswa amandla aphezulu e-pulse, ii-laser ze-Nd:YAG ezi-pulsed zinezibonelelo zobugcisa kunye nezoqoqosho. Kwiinkqubo ezininzi ze-industrial spot welding, ii-laser ezi-pulsed solid-state ezinamandla aphakathi kwe-50W kunye namandla e-pulse angaphezu kwe-2kW ziyasetyenziswa ngokusisiseko. I-laser inokusebenza ngokuthe ngqo kwi-workpiece ngokusebenzisa ii-optical fibers okanye iilensi ezijolise kwi-combined focus.
Ukuwelda kwe-laser spot kusebenza kwizinto ezahlukeneyo. Umzekelo, xa kuwelda iibhetri ze-Li, kusetyenziswa i-Nd:Itekhnoloji yokuwelda indawo yelaser ye-YAGUkudibanisa iintsimbi ezahlukeneyo kusebenza ngcono kune-TIG welding kunye ne-resistance spot welding. Ngokukodwa, ekubeni iifayibha ze-optical zisetyenziselwa ukudlulisa ii-laser ngexesha lokuvelisa, kulula ukuhamba ngokukhawuleza nangokuguquguqukayo phakathi kweendawo zokusebenza ezahlukeneyo.
Ngamafutshane, ukuwelda kwebala le-laser kuneempawu ezilandelayo:
- Njengoko amandla e-laser esanda, ububanzi bomphezulu wendawo yokuwelda buyatshintshatshintsha, ngelixa ububanzi bomphezulu wokudityaniswa kunye nomphezulu ongezantsi bukhula kancinci. Utshintsho kwimo ye-cross-sectional yendawo yokuwelda alubonakali. Njengoko ubude bukhula, ubungakanani bendawo yokuwelda buyanda ngokukhawuleza, kwaye izinga lotshintsho lobubanzi bomphezulu wokudityaniswa likhulu kunelo lobubanzi bomphezulu ophezulu nophantsi. Utshintsho kwinani le-defocus lunempembelelo enkulu kubukhulu bendawo yokuwelda. Itshintsha ngokuthe ngqo ububanzi bendawo kunye noxinano lwamandla e-laser, kwaye isiphumo esipheleleyo sale miba mibini simisela ubungakanani bendawo yokuwelda.
- Kwimeko yokungena ngokupheleleyo, kukho ukugoba okucacileyo kumphezulu we-laser spot weld. Njengoko amandla e-laser enyuka kunye nobude bexesha, ubunzulu bokugoba kumphezulu we-weld spot buyanda. Xa ubude okanye ubungakanani besithuba bukhulu, umphezulu ongezantsi unokubonisa ukugoba.
- Njengoko umsantsa usanda, ukuguquka ngokubanzi kwendawo yokuwelda, ukugoba okuphakathi, kunye nokuxinana kuyacaca. Umphezulu wokudityaniswa uyancipha, kwaye amandla ancipha ngokukhawuleza. Okwangoku, ekudibaniseni ii-resistor, iibhetri, kunye nentsimi ye-elektroniki, inkqubo yokuwelda amabala amabini ngaxeshanye isetyenziswa rhoqo, edla ngokuthatha uyilo olunemithombo emibini yokukhanya kwe-laser.
Ixesha leposi: Okthobha-27-2025
