Kucetyiswa indlela yokuwelda enemiqadi emibini, ikakhulu ukusombulula ukuguquguqukaukuwelda nge-laserukuchaneka kokuhlanganisa, ukuphucula uzinzo lwenkqubo yokuhlanganisa, kunye nokuphucula umgangatho we-weld, ngakumbi kwi-thin plate welding kunye ne-aluminium alloy welding. I-double-beam laser welding ingasebenzisa iindlela ezibonakalayo ukwahlula i-laser efanayo ibe yimisebe emibini yokukhanya eyahlukileyo yokuhlanganisa. Ingasebenzisa neentlobo ezimbini ezahlukeneyo ze-laser ukudibanisa, i-CO2 laser, i-Nd:YAG laser kunye ne-high-power semiconductor laser. zinokudityaniswa. Ngokutshintsha amandla e-beam, isithuba se-beam, kunye nepatheni yokusasazwa kwamandla yemisebe emibini, intsimi yobushushu be-welding inokulungiswa ngokulula nangokuguquguqukayo, itshintshe ipatheni yokubakho kwemingxunya kunye nepatheni yokuhamba kwesinyithi esimanzi kwidama elinyibilikisiweyo, ibonelela ngesisombululo esingcono senkqubo yokuhlanganisa. Indawo enkulu yokukhetha ayinakuthelekiswa ne-single-beam laser welding. Ayinazo nje kuphela iingenelo zokungena kwe-laser welding enkulu, isantya esikhawulezayo kunye nokuchaneka okuphezulu, kodwa ikwanokuguquguquka okukhulu kwizixhobo kunye namalungu okunzima ukuwahlanganisa nge-laser welding eqhelekileyo.
Umgaqo weukuwelda nge-laser enemiqadi emibini
Ukuwelda ngemiqadi emibini kuthetha ukusebenzisa imiqadi emibini yelaser ngaxeshanye ngexesha lenkqubo yokuwelda. Ulungiselelo lwemiqadi, isithuba semiqadi, i-engile phakathi kwemiqadi emibini, indawo yokugxila kunye nomlinganiselo wamandla wemiqadi emibini zonke zizinto ezifanelekileyo kwipharamitha yokuwelda ngemiqadi emibini. Ngokwesiqhelo, ngexesha lenkqubo yokuwelda, ngokubanzi kukho iindlela ezimbini zokucwangcisa imiqadi emibini. Njengoko kubonisiwe kumfanekiso, enye icwangciswe ngokulandelelana kwicala lokuwelda. Olu lungiselelo lunokunciphisa izinga lokupholisa kwechibi elinyibilikisiweyo. Lunciphisa ukuthambekela kokuqina kwe-weld kunye nokuveliswa kwee-pores. Enye kukuzihlela ecaleni okanye ngokunqamlezayo kumacala omabini e-weld ukuphucula ukulungelelana nomsantsa we-weld.
Umgaqo wokuwelda we-laser ophindwe kabini
Ukuwelda ngemiqadi emibini kuthetha ukusebenzisa imiqadi emibini yelaser ngaxeshanye ngexesha lenkqubo yokuwelda. Ulungiselelo lwemiqadi, isithuba semiqadi, i-engile phakathi kwemiqadi emibini, indawo yokugxila kunye nomlinganiselo wamandla wemiqadi emibini zonke zizinto ezifanelekileyo kwipharamitha yokuwelda ngemiqadi emibini. Ngokwesiqhelo, ngexesha lenkqubo yokuwelda, ngokubanzi kukho iindlela ezimbini zokucwangcisa imiqadi emibini. Njengoko kubonisiwe kumfanekiso, enye icwangciswe ngokulandelelana kwicala lokuwelda. Olu lungiselelo lunokunciphisa izinga lokupholisa kwechibi elinyibilikisiweyo. Lunciphisa ukuthambekela kokuqina kwe-weld kunye nokuveliswa kwee-pores. Enye kukuzihlela ecaleni okanye ngokunqamlezayo kumacala omabini e-weld ukuphucula ukulungelelana nomsantsa we-weld.
Kwinkqubo yokuwelda yelaser ehlelwe nge-tandem-arranged dual-beam, kukho iindlela ezintathu ezahlukeneyo zokuwelda ngokuxhomekeke kumgama ophakathi kwemiqadi yangaphambili neyangasemva, njengoko kubonisiwe kumfanekiso ongezantsi.
1. Kuhlobo lokuqala lwendlela yokudibanisa, umgama phakathi kwemitha emibini yokukhanya mkhulu kakhulu. Umtha omnye wokukhanya unamandla amakhulu kwaye ugxile kumphezulu wento yokusebenza ukuze kuveliswe imingxuma yesitshixo kwi-welding; omnye umtha wokukhanya unamandla amancinci. Isetyenziswa kuphela njengomthombo wobushushu wonyango lobushushu lwangaphambi kokudityaniswa okanye emva kokudityaniswa. Ukusebenzisa le ndlela yokudibanisa, izinga lokupholisa ledama lokudibanisa linokulawulwa ngaphakathi koluhlu oluthile, nto leyo eluncedo ekudibaniseni ezinye izinto ezinobuthathaka obukhulu, njengentsimbi yekhabhoni ephezulu, intsimbi ye-alloy, njl.njl., kwaye inokuphucula ukuqina kwe-weld.
2. Kuhlobo lwesibini lwendlela yokudibanisa, umgama ophakathi kwezibane ezimbini zokukhanya mncinane kakhulu. Izibane ezimbini zokukhanya zivelisa imingxuma emibini ezimeleyo echibini lokudibanisa, nto leyo etshintsha indlela isinyithi esilulwelo esihamba ngayo kwaye inceda ekuthinteleni ukuxhuzula. Ingasusa ukwenzeka kweziphene ezifana nemiphetho kunye nokuqhekeka kweentsimbi ze-weld kwaye iphucule ukwakheka kwe-weld.
3. Kuhlobo lwesithathu lwendlela yokudibanisa, umgama phakathi kwemitha emibini yokukhanya mncinci kakhulu. Ngeli xesha, imitha emibini yokukhanya ivelisa umngxuma ofanayo kwidama lokutywina. Xa kuthelekiswa nokutywina nge-laser enemitha enye, kuba ubungakanani bemitha bukhula kwaye akulula ukuyivala, inkqubo yokudibanisa izinzile kwaye kulula ukuyikhupha igesi, nto leyo eluncedo ekunciphiseni iimbobo kunye nokuchitha, kunye nokufumana ii-welds eziqhubekayo, ezifanayo nezintle.
Ngexesha lenkqubo yokudibanisa, imisebe emibini yelaser inokwenziwa ngekona ethile enye kwenye. Indlela yokudibanisa ifana nendlela yokudibanisa imisebe emibini ehambelanayo. Iziphumo zovavanyo zibonisa ukuba ngokusebenzisa ii-OO ezimbini ezinamandla aphezulu ezineekona ezingama-30° enye kwenye kunye nomgama we-1 ~ 2mm, umsebe welaser unokufumana umngxuma wesitshixo omile njenge-funnel. Ubungakanani bomngxuma wesitshixo bukhulu kwaye buzinzile ngakumbi, nto leyo enokuphucula umgangatho wokudibanisa. Kwizicelo ezisebenzayo, indibaniselwano yemisebe emibini yokukhanya inokutshintshwa ngokweemeko ezahlukeneyo zokudibanisa ukuze kufezekiswe iinkqubo ezahlukeneyo zokudibanisa.
6. Indlela yokuphumeza ukuwelda nge-laser enemiqadi emibini
Ukufunyanwa kwemisebe ephindwe kabini kunokufumaneka ngokudibanisa imisebe emibini eyahlukeneyo yelaser, okanye umsebe omnye welaser ungahlulwa ube yimisebe emibini yelaser yokuwelda kusetyenziswa inkqubo ye-optical spectrometry. Ukwahlula umsebe wokukhanya ube yimisebe emibini yelaser ehambelanayo yamandla ahlukeneyo, i-spectroscope okanye inkqubo ekhethekileyo ye-optical ingasetyenziswa. Umfanekiso ubonisa imizobo emibini yemigaqo yokwahlulahlula ukukhanya kusetyenziswa izibuko ezigxileyo njengezahluli zemitha.
Ukongeza, isibonisi singasetyenziswa njengesiqhekeza semitha, kwaye isibonisi sokugqibela kwindlela yokukhanya singasetyenziswa njengesiqhekeza semitha. Olu hlobo lwesibonisi lukwabizwa ngokuba sisibonisi sohlobo lophahla. Umphezulu waso obonakalisayo awungomphezulu othe tyaba, kodwa uqulathe iiplani ezimbini. Umgca wokudibana kweendawo ezimbini ezibonakalisayo uphakathi komphezulu wesibuko, ofana nomqolo wophahla, njengoko kubonisiwe kumfanekiso. Umqadi wokukhanya okulinganayo ukhanya kwi-spectroscope, ubonakaliswa ziiplani ezimbini kwii-engile ezahlukeneyo ukwenza iiplani ezimbini zokukhanya, kwaye ukhanya kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zesibuko esijongayo. Emva kokugxila, iiplani ezimbini zokukhanya zifunyanwa kumgama othile kumphezulu wento yokusebenza. Ngokutshintsha i-engile phakathi kweendawo ezimbini ezibonakalisayo kunye nendawo yophahla, iiplani zokukhanya eziqhekekileyo ezinemigama eyahlukeneyo yokugxila kunye nolungiselelo zinokufunyanwa.
Xa usebenzisa iintlobo ezimbini ezahlukeneyo zeimiqadi yelaser tUkuba wenza umqadi ophindwe kabini, kukho iindlela ezininzi zokudibanisa. Ilaser ye-CO2 esemgangathweni ophezulu enokusasazwa kwamandla eGaussian ingasetyenziselwa umsebenzi ophambili wokuwelda, kwaye ilaser ye-semiconductor enokusasazwa kwamandla okungxande ingasetyenziselwa ukunceda kumsebenzi wonyango lobushushu. Kwelinye icala, olu dibaniselwano lunoqoqosho ngakumbi. Kwelinye icala, amandla eemitha ezimbini zokukhanya anokulungiswa ngokuzimeleyo. Kwiifom ezahlukeneyo zokudibanisa, intsimi yobushushu ehlengahlengiswayo inokufumaneka ngokulungisa indawo ehambelanayo yelaser kunye nelaser ye-semiconductor, efanelekileyo kakhulu ekuwelda. Ulawulo lwenkqubo. Ukongeza, ilaser ye-YAG kunye nelaser ye-CO2 zinokudityaniswa zibe ngumqadi ophindwe kabini wokuwelda, ilaser eqhubekayo kunye ne-pulse laser zinokudityaniswa ekuwelda, kwaye umqadi ogxileyo kunye nomqadi ongenanto nazo zinokudityaniswa ekuwelda.
7. Umgaqo wokuwelda nge-laser enemiqadi emibini
3.1 Ukuwelda kweeshiti ze-galvanized nge-laser enemiqadi emibini
Ishiti yentsimbi egayiweyo yeyona nto isetyenziswa kakhulu kwishishini leemoto. Indawo yokunyibilika kwentsimbi imalunga ne-1500°C, ngelixa indawo yokubila ye-zinc ingama-906°C kuphela. Ke ngoko, xa kusetyenziswa indlela yokuwelda ye-fusion, umphunga omkhulu we-zinc uhlala uvela, nto leyo ebangela ukuba inkqubo yokuwelda ingazinzi. , nto leyo eyenza iimbobo kwi-weld. Kwimijoyinti yelaphu, ukuguquguquka komaleko we-galvanized akwenzeki kuphela kwiindawo eziphezulu nezisezantsi, kodwa kukwakho nakwimijoyinti. Ngexesha lenkqubo yokuwelda, umphunga we-zinc uphuma ngokukhawuleza kumphezulu wedama elinyibilikisiweyo kwezinye iindawo, ngelixa kwezinye iindawo kunzima ukuba umphunga we-zinc uphume kwidama elinyibilikisiweyo. Kumphezulu wedama, umgangatho wokuwelda awuzinzi kakhulu.
Ukuwelda nge-laser enemiqadi emibini kunokusombulula iingxaki zomgangatho wokuwelda ezibangelwa ngumphunga we-zinc. Enye indlela kukulawula ixesha lokubakho kunye nesantya sokupholisa ichibi elinyibilikisiweyo ngokuthelekisa amandla eemitha ezimbini ukuze kube lula ukuphuma komphunga we-zinc; enye indlela kukukhupha umphunga we-zinc ngokubhoboza okanye ukugroova kwangaphambili. Njengoko kubonisiwe kuMfanekiso 6-31, i-laser ye-CO2 isetyenziselwa ukuwelda. I-laser ye-YAG iphambi kwe-laser ye-CO2 kwaye isetyenziselwa ukubhoboza imingxunya okanye ukusika imingxunya. Imingxunya okanye imingxunya elungisiweyo kwangaphambili ibonelela ngendlela yokuphuma komphunga we-zinc owenziwe ngexesha lokuwelda okulandelayo, ithintela ukuba ihlale kwichibi elinyibilikisiweyo kwaye yenze iziphene.
3.2 Ukuwelda kwe-aluminium alloy nge-laser enemiqadi emibini
Ngenxa yeempawu ezikhethekileyo zokusebenza kwezinto ze-aluminium alloy, kukho ubunzima obulandelayo ekusebenziseni i-laser welding [39]: i-aluminium alloy inezinga eliphantsi lokufunxwa kwe-laser, kwaye ukukhanya kokuqala komphezulu we-CO2 laser beam kudlula i-90%; i-aluminium alloy laser welding seams kulula ukuvelisa i-Porosity, ii-cracks; ukutshiswa kwezinto ze-alloy ngexesha le-welding, njl. Xa usebenzisa i-single laser welding, kunzima ukuseka i-keyhole kunye nokugcina uzinzo. I-double-beam laser welding inokunyusa ubungakanani be-keyhole, okwenza kube nzima ukuba i-keyhole ivaleke, nto leyo eluncedo ekukhupheni igesi. Inganciphisa nezinga lokuphola kwaye inciphise ukuvela kwee-pores kunye nee-welding cracks. Ekubeni inkqubo ye-welding izinzile ngakumbi kwaye ubungakanani be-spatter buyancipha, imo yomphezulu we-weld efunyenwe yi-double-beam welding ye-aluminium alloys nayo ingcono kakhulu kuneyo ye-single-beam welding. Umfanekiso 6-32 ubonisa ukubonakala kwe-weld seam ye-3mm thick aluminium alloy butt welding kusetyenziswa i-CO2 single-beam laser kunye ne-double-beam laser welding.
Uphando lubonisa ukuba xa kudityaniswa i-aluminium alloy enobukhulu obuyi-2mm, xa umgama phakathi kwe-aluminium ezimbini uyi-0.6 ~ 1.0mm, inkqubo yokudibanisa izinzile kwaye ukuvulwa kwe-keyhole okwenziweyo kukhulu, nto leyo enceda ekuphumeni komphunga kunye nokuphuma kwe-magnesium ngexesha lenkqubo yokudibanisa. Ukuba umgama phakathi kwe-beams ezimbini mncinane kakhulu, inkqubo yokudibanisa ye-beam enye ayizukuzinza. Ukuba umgama mkhulu kakhulu, ukungena kwe-welding kuya kuchaphazeleka, njengoko kubonisiwe kuMfanekiso 6-33. Ukongeza, umlinganiselo wamandla we-beams ezimbini nawo unempembelelo enkulu kumgangatho we-welding. Xa i-beams ezimbini ezinesithuba se-0.9mm zicwangciswe ngochungechunge lwe-welding, amandla e-beam yangaphambili kufuneka anyuswe ngokufanelekileyo ukuze umlinganiselo wamandla we-beams ezimbini ngaphambi nasemva koko ube ngaphezulu kwe-1:1. Kuluncedo ukuphucula umgangatho we-welding seam, ukwandisa indawo yokunyibilika, kwaye ufumane i-welding seam egudileyo nentle xa isantya se-welding siphezulu.
3.3 Ukuwelda ngemiqadi emibini yeepleyiti ezinobukhulu obungalinganiyo
Kwimveliso yemizi-mveliso, kudla ngokuba yimfuneko ukushisela iipleyiti zesinyithi ezimbini okanye ngaphezulu ezinobukhulu obahlukeneyo kunye neemilo ezahlukeneyo ukuze kwenziwe ipleyiti edibeneyo. Ingakumbi kwimveliso yeemoto, ukusetyenziswa kweeblanks ezidityaniswe ngokwezifiso kuya kusasazeka ngakumbi nangakumbi. Ngokushisela iipleyiti ezineenkcazo ezahlukeneyo, iingubo zomphezulu okanye iipropati, amandla anokwandiswa, izinto ezisetyenziswayo zincitshiswe, kwaye umgangatho uncitshiswe. Ukushisela iipleyiti ezinobukhulu obahlukeneyo kudla ngokusetyenziswa kwi-panel welding. Ingxaki enkulu kukuba iipleyiti eziza kushiselwa kufuneka zenziwe kwangaphambili ngeemiphetho ezichanekileyo kwaye kuqinisekiswe ukuhlanganiswa okuchanekileyo. Ukusetyenziswa kokushisela iipleyiti ezinobukhulu obungalinganiyo kunokulungelelanisa utshintsho olwahlukeneyo kwizithuba zepleyiti, amalungu e-butt, ubukhulu obuhambelanayo kunye nezinto zepleyiti. Kunokushisela iipleyiti ezinobunzima obukhulu kunye nokunyamezelana kwezithuba kwaye kuphucule isantya sokushisela kunye nomgangatho wokushisela.
Iiparamitha eziphambili zenkqubo yokufakelwa kweShuangguangdong kwiiplate zobukhulu obungalinganiyo zinokwahlulwa zibe ziiparamitha zokufakelwa kwentsimbi kunye neeparamitha zeplate, njengoko kubonisiwe kumfanekiso. Iiparamitha zokufakelwa kwentsimbi ziquka amandla eebham ezimbini zelaser, isantya sokufakelwa kwentsimbi, indawo yokugxila, i-engile yentloko yokufakelwa kwentsimbi, i-engile yokujikeleza kwebham ye-double-beam butt joint kunye ne-welding offset, njl. Iiparamitha zebhodi ziquka ubungakanani bezinto, ukusebenza, iimeko zokusika, izithuba zebhodi, njl. Amandla eebham ezimbini zelaser anokulungiswa ngokwahlukeneyo ngokweenjongo ezahlukeneyo zokufakelwa kwentsimbi. Indawo yokugxila ngokubanzi ifumaneka kumphezulu weplate encinci ukuze kufezekiswe inkqubo yokufakelwa kwentsimbi ezinzileyo nesebenzayo. I-engile yentloko yokufakelwa kwentsimbi idla ngokukhethwa ukuba ibe malunga ne-6. Ukuba ubukhulu beeplate ezimbini bukhulu kakhulu, i-engile yentloko yokufakelwa kwentsimbi elungileyo ingasetyenziswa, oko kukuthi, i-laser ityekele kwiplate encinci, njengoko kubonisiwe kumfanekiso; xa ubukhulu beplate buncinci, i-engile yentloko yokufakelwa kwentsimbi engalunganga ingasetyenziswa. I-engile yokufakelwa kwentsimbi ichazwa njengomgama phakathi kokugxila kwelaser kunye nomda weplate etyebileyo. Ngokulungisa i-engile yokufakelwa kwentsimbi, ubungakanani be-weld dent bunokuncipha kwaye i-weld cross-section entle inokufunyanwa.
Xa udibanisa iipleyiti ezinezikhewu ezinkulu, ungayandisa ububanzi bokufudumeza umqadi ngokujikelezisa i-engile ye-double beam ukuze ufumane amandla amahle okuzalisa i-gap. Ububanzi bomphezulu we-weld bumiselwa bububanzi bomqadi obusebenzayo be-laser beams ezimbini, oko kukuthi, i-engile yokujikeleza komqadi. Okukhona i-engile yokujikeleza inkulu, kokukhona uluhlu lokufudumeza lomqadi ophindwe kabini lubanzi, kwaye ububanzi benxalenye ephezulu ye-weld bukhulu. Ezi beams zimbini ze-laser zidlala indima eyahlukileyo kwinkqubo yokudibanisa. Enye isetyenziselwa kakhulu ukungena kumthungo, ngelixa enye isetyenziselwa kakhulu ukunyibilikisa izinto zepleyiti etyebileyo ukuze kuzaliswe i-gap. Njengoko kubonisiwe kuMfanekiso 6-35, phantsi kwe-engile yokujikeleza komqadi elungileyo (umqadi ongaphambili usebenza kwipleyiti etyebileyo, umqadi ongasemva usebenza kwi-weld), umqadi ongaphambili uvela kwi-engile etyebileyo ukuze kufudunyezwe kwaye kunyibilike izinto, kwaye okulandelayo Umqadi we-laser udala ukungena. Umqadi wokuqala welaser ngaphambili unokunyibilikisa inxalenye yepleyiti etyebileyo, kodwa unegalelo elikhulu kwinkqubo yokuwelda, kuba awunyibilikisi nje kuphela icala lepleyiti etyebileyo ukuze kuzaliswe ngcono isithuba, kodwa ukwadibanisa nezinto ezidibeneyo ukuze ezi planga zilandelayo zibe lula ukuzihlanganisa ngokusebenzisa amalunga, nto leyo evumela ukuwelda ngokukhawuleza. Kwi-welding ye-double-beam ene-engile yokujikeleza engalunganga (umqadi ongaphambili usebenza kwi-weld, kwaye umqadi ongasemva usebenza kwipleyiti etyebileyo), ezi planga zimbini zinesiphumo esichaseneyo. Umqadi wangaphambili uyanyibilikisa i-joint, kwaye umqadi wokugqibela unyibilikisa ipleyiti etyebileyo ukuze uyizalise. Kule meko, umqadi ongaphambili uyadingeka ukuze udibanise ipleyiti ebandayo, kwaye isantya sokuwelda sicotha kunokusebenzisa i-engile yokujikeleza ye-beam ethembekileyo. Kwaye ngenxa yesiphumo sokufudumeza kwangaphambili somqadi wangaphambili, umqadi wokugqibela uya kunyibilikisa izinto zepleyiti etyebileyo phantsi kwamandla afanayo. Kule meko, amandla omqadi wokugqibela welaser kufuneka ancitshiswe ngokufanelekileyo. Xa kuthelekiswa, ukusebenzisa i-engile yokujikeleza ye-beam ethembekileyo kunokunyusa ngokufanelekileyo isantya sokuwelda, kwaye ukusebenzisa i-engile yokujikeleza ye-beam engalunganga kunokufezekisa ukuzaliswa kwesithuba okungcono. Umfanekiso 6-36 ubonisa impembelelo yee-angles ezahlukeneyo zokujikeleza kwemitha kwindawo enqamlezileyo ye-weld.
3.4 Ukuwelda nge-laser enemiqadi emibini yeepleyiti ezinkulu ezixineneyo Ngokuphucuka kwenqanaba lamandla e-laser kunye nomgangatho we-beam, ukuwelda nge-laser kweepleyiti ezinkulu ezixineneyo kuye kwaba yinto eyenzekayo. Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yokuba ii-laser ezinamandla aphezulu zibiza kakhulu kwaye ukuwelda kweepleyiti ezinkulu ezixineneyo ngokubanzi kufuna isinyithi sokuzalisa, kukho imida ethile kwimveliso yokwenyani. Ukusetyenziswa kwetekhnoloji yokuwelda nge-laser enemiqadi emibini akunakunyusa kuphela amandla e-laser, kodwa kukwanyusa nobubanzi bokufudumeza be-beam obusebenzayo, kwandise amandla okunyibilikisa intambo yokuzalisa, kuzinzise isitshixo se-laser, kuphucule uzinzo lokuwelda, kwaye kuphucule umgangatho wokuwelda.
Ixesha leposi: Epreli-29-2024
