Ingcaciso yeSayensi | Umqadi omnye wokukhanya kococeko! Umatshini wokucoca ngeLaser

Iteknoloji yokucoca nge-laser ibandakanya ukukhanyisela umphezulu womsebenzi nge-laser beam enamandla aphezulu ukuze kutshiswe okanye kususwe ngoko nangoko izinto ezingcolisayo, amabala okugqwala, okanye izinto ezigqunyiweyo, ngaloo ndlela kususwe ngokufanelekileyo iidiphozithi zomphezulu kwaye kufezekiswe isiphumo sokucoca esicocekileyo. Isicoci se-laser sisixhobo esisebenzisa iteknoloji ye-laser ukususa izinto ezingcolisayo kumphezulu; sikhupha i-laser beam enamandla aphezulu ukuze kubangele ukufuma okanye ukufuma kwezinto ezingcolisayo.

Imvelaphi yoBugcisa

Iindlela zokucoca zemveli ziquka ukucoca ngoomatshini, ukucoca ngamakhemikhali, kunye nokucoca nge-ultrasound, zonke ezijongene nemida ebalulekileyo kwizicelo zokukhusela okusingqongileyo kunye neemfuno ezichanekileyo. Kwiminyaka yoo-1980, abaphandi bafumanise ukuba ukujolisa umqadi we-laser onamandla aphezulu kwiindawo ezingcolileyo zento kubangela uthotho lweenkqubo ze-physicochemical ezintsonkothileyo—kuquka ukungcangcazela, ukunyibilika, ukufuma, kunye nokutsha—ezisusa ngokufanelekileyo ukungcola kumphezulu; le ndlela yaziwa ngokubaukucoca nge-laser.

Xa kuthelekiswa neendlela zokucoca zemveli, iinkqubo zokucoca nge-laser zibonelela ngeenzuzo ezininzi: ukusebenza ngaphandle kokuthinta, ukusebenza ngokuchanekileyo kokucoca, ukusebenza kakuhle, ukucutshungulwa ngokukhawuleza, ukhuseleko, kunye nobuhlobo nokusingqongileyo. Zifanelekile ngokukodwa ekucoceni izinto ezintsonkothileyo okanye ezibuthathaka ngaphandle kokubangela umonakalo, zinciphisa kakhulu ixesha lokucoca kwaye zonyusa imveliso; ngaphezu koko, azivelisi nkunkuma, ngaloo ndlela zinciphisa iindleko zokusebenza.

umgaqo wokusebenza

Ii-pulsed laserivelisa iipulses eziphakathi ukuya kweziphezulu, ezithunyelwa ngefayibha ye-optical ukuya kwimodyuli yokubumba. Ezi pulses zibonakaliswa yi-galvanometer yokuskena ye-single-axis okanye ye-dual-axis kwaye ziqondiswe kumaleko ongcolisayo kumphezulu we-workpiece, zicoca ngokufanelekileyo iidipozithi ezinamatheleyo ezifana nomhlwa, ipeyinti, amabala eoli, izikali ze-oxide, kunye neengubo ngokusebenzisa umphunga, i-photodissolution, i-photodecomposition, kunye neziphumo ze-photo-vibration.

Iilaser, kunye nee-electron beams kunye nee-ion beams, zibizwa ngokuba zii-high-energy beams. Uphawu lwazo oluqhelekileyo kukuba i-beam ithwala amandla aphezulu kakhulu esibhakabhakeni; ngokujolisa, amandla okukhanyiswa kwemitha ukusuka kwi-10⁴ ukuya kwi-10¹⁵ W/cm² anokufumaneka kufutshane nendawo yokugxila, nto leyo eyenza ukuba ibe yimithombo yobushushu enamandla kakhulu. Iilaser zibonisa ukukhanya okuphezulu, ulwalathiso oluqinileyo, i-monochromaticity egqwesileyo, kunye nokuhambelana okuphezulu. Ngokwesiqhelo, kusetyenziswa i-nozzle: i-nozzle encinci evulelekileyo ehambelana ne-laser ikhokelela igesi ecinezelweyo kwindawo yokucoca. Igesi inikezelwa ngumthombo oncedisayo, osebenza ngokuyintloko ukuthintela ungcoliseko lwelensi kwi-splashes kunye ne-particle matter, ukucoca umphezulu womsebenzi, kunye nokuphucula ukusebenzisana kobushushu phakathi kwelaser kunye nezinto.

iimpawu zokusebenza

Ukucoca nge-laser yemizi-mvelisoyinkqubo esebenzisa umqadi welaser ukukhanyisela umphezulu oqinileyo nokususa izinto ezingafunekiyo. Ngokufunxa amandla avela kumqadi welaser, izinto ekujoliswe kuzo (umaleko womphezulu oza kususwa) zifudunyezwa ngokukhawuleza, nto leyo ebangela ukuba ziphele okanye zibe nzulu. I-substrate engaphantsi ayitshintshi njengoko ifunxa amandla angenamsebenzi. Ngokulawula ngokuchanekileyo ukuhamba kokukhanya kwelaser, ubude bomda, kunye nobude bokubetha kwentliziyo, ubungakanani bezinto ezisusiweyo nge-laser pulse nganye bunokulawulwa ngokuchanekileyo.

Iingenelo kunye neeNzuzo

Ukucocwa nge-laser kususa imfuneko yezinyibilikisi zeekhemikhali okanye izinto ezisetyenziswayo, okwenza kube nobuhlobo nokusingqongileyo kwaye kukhuselekile ukuyisebenzisa, kunye neenzuzo ezininzi:

1. Inobuhlobo nokusingqongileyo – ayifuni kusetyenziswa iikhemikhali okanye izisombululo zokucoca;

2. Inkunkuma yokucoca ngokuyintloko iqulathe iipowders eziqinileyo, ezincinci ngobuninzi kwaye kulula ukuziqokelela nokuzisebenzisa kwakhona;

3. Ukucocwa komsi wenkunkuma kutsalwa kwaye kucutshungulwe lula, kusebenza ngengxolo ephantsi, kwaye akuyongozi kwimpilo yabantu;

4. Ukucoca ngaphandle kokuthintana ngaphandle kwemithombo eseleyo kunye nongcoliseko lwesibini;

5. Ivumela ukucoca okukhethiweyo ngaphandle kokonakalisa isiseko;

6. Akukho mfuneko yokusebenzisa ulwelo lokusebenza; iindleko zombane kuphela ezifunyanwayo, nto leyo ebangela ukuba iindleko zokusebenza nezokulungisa zibe phantsi.

7. Kulula ukuzenzakalela, kunciphisa amandla abasebenzi;

8. Ifanelekile kwiindawo okanye kwiindawo ezikude kunzima ukufikelela kuzo, nakwiindawo ezinobungozi okanye eziyingozi.