Kumazwe aphuhlileyo anemizi-mveliso yokuvelisa izixhobo eziphambili, malunga ne-50% yexabiso lilonke lemveliso livela kumashishini anxulumene nokudityaniswa kweentsimbi. Ukuphucula ukhuphiswano lwemarike, abavelisi bafuna ngakumbi ukusebenza kakuhle kwemveliso kunye neendleko eziphantsi zemveliso. Ukuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kokudityaniswa kweentsimbi, iindlela ezahlukeneyo ezifana nokusebenzisa iiparameter ezingaqhelekanga zokudityaniswa kweentsimbi,ukuwelda okuxutyiweyo, ukuwelda kweentambo ezininzi okanye ii-arc ezininzi, kwaye iintambo zokuwelda eziphuculweyo zingasetyenziswa. Ezi nkqubo zokuwelda eziphambili ziphucule kakhulu ukusebenza kakuhle kwemveliso yokuwelda, zasetyenziswa ngokubanzi, kwaye zenze igalelo elibalulekileyo kwiiteknoloji yokuwelda ephucukileyo.

Ukungena kwinkulungwane yama-21, kunye nophuhliso olukhawulezayo lwesayensi kunye netekhnoloji, ukuwelda okusebenzayo kakhulu kuye kwafumana ingqwalasela eyandayo kwaye kuye kwaba yindlela yophuhliso kuphando kunye nokusetyenziswa kwetekhnoloji yokuwelda ngaphakathi nangaphandle. Ngaphambili, ekuwelding okusebenzayo kakhulu, ukuphuculwa kwezixhobo zokuwelda yayiyeyona nto iphambili. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, ukuphuculwa kokuzisebenzela kwe-welding kuye kwakhuthaza uphuhliso lwetekhnoloji yokuwelda esebenza kakuhle, kunye nokuwelda okukhawulezayo okanyeukuwelda okunezinga eliphezulu lokufakasele iyindlela yophuhliso lwexesha elizayo. Oko kubizwa ngokuba “yiteknoloji yokuwelda esebenza kakuhle kakhulu” ngokusisiseko kubhekisa kwingqokelela yetekhnoloji efana nokuwelda ngesantya esiphezulu, ukuwelda ngesantya esiphezulu, kunye nokuwelda ngendlela esebenza kakuhle kakhulu.

(1) Iindlela zokuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kweWelding

Ukuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwemveliso yokuwelda kubandakanya iinkalo ezimbini: enye kukuwelda okunezinga eliphezulu okujolise ekwandiseni izinga lokunyibilika kwezinto zokuwelda, okufuna ukunyibilikisa izinto zokuwelda ezininzi ngexesha ngalinye, ezisetyenziselwa ikakhulu ukuwelda iipleyiti ezinkulu, kunye nezinga lokufakwa ukuya kuthi ga kwi-30 kg/h; enye kukuwelda okunesantya esiphezulu okujolise ekwandiseni isantya sokuwelda, apho indawo yokuqala isisiseko kukunyusa umsinga wokuwelda ngelixa kwandiswa isantya sokuwelda ukugcina igalelo lobushushu lokuwelda lingatshintshanga kangako, elisetyenziselwa ikakhulu ukuwelda iipleyiti ezincinci, ngesantya sokuwelda malunga nezihlandlo ezi-3-8 kunezokuwelda okukhuselweyo ngegesi eqhelekileyo ye-CO₂.

Ukususela kwimeko yangoku yophando nophuhliso kunye nesicelo semveliso, kukho iindlela ezilandelayo zokuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwemveliso yokuwelda:

• Phucula isantya esiphezulu sokunyibilika kwentambo ngokusebenzisa iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokudibanisa iigesi zokukhusela ukuze kwandiswe izinga lokufakwa kwe-welding.
• Sebenzisa imithombo yobushushu exutyiweyo ukuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-welding, efana ne-laser-arc hybrid welding, i-laser-plasma arc hybrid welding, njl.
• Sebenzisa ukutya okuneengcingo ezininzi okanye ukutya okuneengcingo ezishushu ukuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwemveliso yokuwelda, njengokuwelda okukhuselweyo ngegesi okuneengcingo ezimbini (okanye okuneengcingo ezininzi), ukuwelda okuphantsi komhlaba okuneengcingo ezininzi, ukuwelda okukhuselweyo ngegesi okuneengcingo ezishushu, njl.njl.
• Sebenzisa iipropati zeekhemikhali ezikhethekileyo zezinto ezisebenzayo ukuphucula amandla okungena kwi-arc, ukunciphisa ubungakanani be-weld cross-sectional, kunye nokuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-welding, njenge-A-TIG welding, inkqubo ye-A-Laser, njl.
• Nciphisa ubungakanani bomngxuma ukuze unciphise indawo ye-weld cross-sectional kwaye unciphise ubungakanani besinyithi esigciniweyo, njengokuwelda kwe-mxinwa gap.
• Sebenzisa ii-waveforms ezikhethekileyo zemveliso yemithombo yamandla okuwelda ukuze wonyuse isantya sokuwelda.

Okwangoku, inkcazo yamazwe ngamazwe yeukuwelda kwegesi esebenzayo yesinyithi (MAG) esebenza kakuhle kakhulu(jonga i-DVS-No.0909-1) yile: kwintambo enobubanzi obuyi-1.2mm, i-MAG welding enesantya sokutya esidlula i-15m/min okanye izinga lokufaka elingaphezulu kwe-8kg/h ibizwa ngokuba yi-high-efficiency MAG welding. Ukusebenza kakuhle kokufaka kwe-MAG welding ethile kunokufikelela kwi-20kg/h.

(2) Izixhobo zokuWelda ze-MAG ezisebenza kakuhle kakhulu

Okwangoku, phakathi kweendlela zokuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-MAG welding, eyona isetyenziswa kakhulu kukutshintsha iintambo eziqinileyo ngeentambo ezine-flux-core zokudibanisa. Ukusebenzisa iintambo ezine-metal-core kunye nomgubo wentsimbi kunokunyusa ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-deposition ngaphezu kwe-50% xa kuthelekiswa neentambo eziqinileyo. Ukongeza, ukulungisa ukwakheka kwegesi yokukhusela kunokuphucula kakhulu ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-deposition yentambo.

• Iintambo eziqinileyo zifanelekile kwiidayamitha eziyi-1.0-1.2mm. Iintambo ezibhityileyo kakhulu kunzima ukuziqhelanisa neentambo ezikhawulezayo ngenxa yokuqina okunganelanga; ngelixa iintambo ezinobubanzi obungaphezulu kwe-1.2mm zingelula ukuvelisa udluliselo lwe-arc olujikelezayo oluzinzileyo nokuba luphantsi kombane ophezulu.
• Iintambo ezine-Flux-core zingasebenzisa ububanzi obuyi-1.2-1.6mm. Zombini iintambo ezine-metal-core kunye ne-slag-forming flux-core zinokufezekisa ukuwelda kwe-MAG okusebenzayo kakhulu ngeeparameter ezinkulu zokuwelda. Ingakumbi kwiintambo ezine-metal-core, ngenxa yesantya esiphezulu sokuzalisa somgubo wesinyithi (ukuya kuthi ga kwi-45%), xa usebenzisa intambo ene-metal-core enobubanzi obuyi-1.6mm eneparameter zokuwelda ze-380A welding current kunye ne-38V welding voltage, izinga lokunyibilika kwentambo linokufikelela kwi-9.6kg/h.

Ukudluliselwa kwamathontsi kwiingcingo ezine-metal cored kufana nokweengcingo eziqinileyo. Iingcingo ezine-Flux cored zinokudityaniswa ngendlela yokudluliselwa kwe-spray eqhelekileyo kunye nokudluliselwa kwe-short-circuit ngesantya esiphezulu, kodwa azikwazi ukuvelisa ukudluliselwa kwe-arc ejikelezayo. Isantya esiphezulu sokutya kweengcingo ezine-rutile flux cored sinokufikelela kwi-30m/min, kwaye umda ophezulu wesantya sokutya kweengcingo zeengcingo ezisisiseko ezine-flux cored malunga ne-45m/min, kunye nesantya sokunyibilika kweengcingo ukuya kuthi ga kwi-20kg/h.

(3) Iintlobo zokudluliselwa kwamaconsi kwi-MAG Welding esebenza kakuhle kakhulu

Kwi-MAG welding eqhelekileyo, njengoko umsinga we-welding usanda, uhlobo lokudluliselwa kwe-droplet luyatshintsha ukusuka kwi-short-circuit transfer, i-globular transfer ukuya kwi-spray transfer. Phantsi kwengcamango yokuqinisekisa ukwakheka kwe-weld elungileyo, umsinga wokudluliselwa kwe-droplet spray umalunga ne-400A.

Kwi-MAG welding enesantya esiphezulu, ngokusebenzisa ngokupheleleyo iipropati zomzimba zeegesi zokukhusela ezineenxalenye ezininzi kunye nokwandisa ngokufanelekileyo ulwandiso lwentambo, isantya sokunyibilika kwentambo sinokwandiswa kakhulu kuluhlu lwamandla aphezulu kunye nolwe-voltage oluphezulu lwe-MAG welding engaqhelekanga, kwaye kwangaxeshanye, imo yokudluliselwa kwethontsi nayo idlula kutshintsho olubalulekileyo. Iifom zayo ezisisiseko zezi: ukudluliselwa kwe-spray eqhelekileyo, ukudluliselwa kwe-short-circuit ekhawulezayo, ukudluliselwa kwe-spray ejikelezayo, kunye nokudluliselwa kwe-spray ekhawulezayo.

• I-arc yokudlulisa isitshizi eqhelekileyo: Kwintsimi yeukuwelda ngesantya esiphezulu, isantya sokutya ngocingo se-arc yokudlulisa isitshizi sikwi-15-20m/min.
• I-arc yokudlulisa i-short-circuit enesantya esiphezulu: I-arc yokudlulisa i-short-circuit ekhawulezayo ifumaneka ngokunciphisa i-voltage yokuwelda kunye nokwandisa ulwandiso olomileyo ngaphakathi koluhlu lwesantya sokutya i-wire feeding lwe-15-20m/min. Ngenxa yokwanda kolwandiso olomileyo ukuya kwi-40mm, isiphelo sentambo siyathamba kwaye siqala ukujikeleza, nge-offset ye-1-2mm ukusuka kwi-axis yentambo. Isiphelo sentambo esijikelezayo senza udluliselo lwe-short-circuit oluqhubekayo kumacala omabini e-weld.
• I-arc yokudlulisa isitshizi ejikelezayo: I-arc ejikelezayo iveliswa xa isiphelo sentambo sithamba ngenxa yamandla aphezulu ombane kwaye sijikwa ngamandla e-arc. Kwiintambo ezinobubanzi obuyi-1-2mm, isantya sokutya kwentambo siyadingeka ukufikelela kwi-25m/min okanye ngaphezulu, kwaye umsinga olinganayo wombane wokuwelda umalunga ne-450A. Ukuphambuka okupheleleyo kwesiphelo sasimahla sentambo ukusuka kwi-axis yentambo ziimilimitha ezininzi, ezinokubonwa ngeliso lenyama ngexesha lokuwelda.
• I-arc yokudlulisa isitshizi ekhawulezayo: Ibonakaliswa kukudluliselwa kwe-axial kwamaconsi, ngesantya sokutya ngentambo esidlula i-20m/min, kwaye ubungakanani beconsi bulingana nobubanzi bentambo. Xa kuthelekiswa nokudluliselwa kweconsi nganye nganye kwi-arc, le nkqubo inesiphumo esihle kakhulu. Inkqubo yokwahlula amaconsi iphinda ngendlela efanayo, kwaye umqadi weplasma omxinwa, oxineneyo, nokhazimlayo luphawu lwe-arc yokudlulisa i-spray ekhawulezayo. Xa isiphelo sentambo esithambileyo sehla, ubude be-arc buyancipha kwaye ikholamu ye-arc yeplasma iyakhula, kwaye emva koko kwenziwa ibhuloho yolwelo phakathi kweconsi enyibilikisiweyo kunye nesiphelo sentambo. Ibhuloho yolwelo icinezelwa rhoqo phantsi kwesenzo samandla okuqiniswa kwe-electromagnetic, okwenza i-arc ibe banzi. Xa ibhuloho phakathi kwesiphelo sentambo kunye neconsi iba ncinci ngokwaneleyo, iplasma yenziwa ijikeleze ibhuloho. Ngelo xesha xa ibhuloho iqhekeka, i-arc yokudlulisa i-spray ekhawulezayo iyaphinda iqalise, iphinda yenze i-plasma jet emxinwa nexineneyo. Kwi-arc yokudlulisa i-spray ekhawulezayo, ngenxa yesimo sokungena esinzulu kodwa esincinci, ingcambu ye-weld ayinakuzaliswa ngokupheleleyo ngesinyithi esinyibilikisiweyo.