Isayensi Edumileyo yeLaser yeMaven | Iindlela ezili-10 eziqhelekileyo zokuWelda

1. Ukuwelda kwe-Arc yesinyithi esikhuselweyo (i-SMAW)

    

   Ukuwelda ngentsimbi ekhuselweyo yenye yezona zakhono ziphambili ekufuneka umntu owelda aziqhelile. Ukungakwazi kakuhle olu buchule kuya kubangela iziphene ezahlukeneyo kumthungo wokuwelda.

    
2. Ukuwelda kwe-Arc efakwe emanzini (i-SAW)

    

   Ukuwelda kwe-arc engaphantsi komhlaba yindlela yokuwelda esebenzisa i-arc yombane njengomthombo wobushushu. Ingena nzulu, imveliso ephezulu kunye nomgangatho ogqwesileyo wokuwelda: isinyithi esinyibilikisiweyo sahlulwe emoyeni ngokukhuselwa yi-slag, kwaye umsebenzi wenziwe ngoomatshini abaphezulu, nto leyo eyenza ukuba ifaneleke ukuwelda imithungo emide yezakhiwo zepleyiti eziphakathi nezityebileyo.

    
3. IGas Tungsten Arc Welding (GTAW/TIG)

    

   Nazi ezinye iindlela zokuzikhusela eziphambili ze-GTAW:

    

   (1) Soloko ugcina i-electrode ye-tungsten ibukhali ukuya kwinqanaba elincinci. I-electrode ecacileyo iya kubangela umbane osasazekileyo kunye ne-arc engazinzile, yonakalisa i-weld.

    

   (2) Ukuba i-electrode ye-tungsten ikufutshane kakhulu nomthungo we-weld, iya kunamathela kwindawo yokusebenza; ukuba ikude kakhulu, i-arc iya kusasazeka, nto leyo ekhokelela kwi-welds ezimnyama, i-electrode egugileyo ngokukhawuleza kunye nokuvezwa okukhulu kwi-welder. Kungcono ukuyigcina ikufutshane kangangoko kunokwenzeka.

    

   (3) Ulawulo lwe-trigger lubuchule, ingakumbi kwi-thin plate welding—i-spot welding kuphela ngexesha elifutshane. Ngokungafaniyo noomatshini be-welding abazenzekelayo abane-auto-feeding wire kunye ne-travel, i-continuous welding iya kutsha kwindawo yokusebenza.

    

   (4) Ukufunxa ucingo ngesandla kufuna imvakalelo entle. Ucingo lokuwelda olusemgangathweni ophezulu lunokunqunyulwa kwiishiti zentsimbi engagqwali ezingama-304 ngomatshini wokucheba endaweni yokuthenga ucingo olusele lukhonkxiwe; ucingo oluhle olusele lukhonkxiwe, ewe, luyafumaneka kubathengisi abathengisa ngobuninzi.

    

   (5) Soloko usebenza kwindawo enomoya ococekileyo kwaye unxibe iiglavu zesikhumba, impahla engatshiyo kunye nesigcina-ntloko esimnyama esizisebenzelayo.

    

   (6) Sebenzisa umlomo weseramikhi wetotshi yokuwelda ukuvala ukukhanya kwe-arc—ingakumbi, gcina umva wetotshi ujonge ubuso bakho kangangoko kunokwenzeka.

    

   (7) Umthungi oyintloko unengqiqo ecacileyo kunye nombono wobushushu bedama lokuthungela, ubungakanani kunye nokusebenza kwesiqhumiso setotshi.

    

   (8) Beka phambili ukusebenzisa ii-electrode ze-tungsten eziphawulwe ngomthubi okanye omhlophe, njengoko zifuna izakhono eziphezulu zokuwelda.

    
4. Ukuwelda igesi ye-Oxy-Fuel (OFW)

    

   Ukuwelda igesi ye-oxy-fuel kusebenzisa ilangatye ukufudumeza isinyithi esisisiseko kunye nocingo lokuwelda kwindawo edibeneyo yezinto zokusebenza zesinyithi, ukuze zinyibilike ukuze kufezekiswe ukuwelda. Iigesi zamafutha eziqhelekileyo ziquka i-acetylene, igesi yepetroleum enyibilikisiweyo kunye ne-hydrogen, kunye ne-oksijini njenge-oxidizer ephambili.

    
5. Ukuwelda ngeLaser

    

   Ukuwelda nge-laser yindlela yokuwelda esebenza kakuhle kakhulu nechanekileyo esebenzisa umqadi we-laser oxineneyo njengomthombo wobushushu, kwaye sisicelo esiphambili sobuchwepheshe bokucubungula izinto ze-laser. Kwiminyaka yoo-1970, yayisetyenziswa kakhulu ekuwelda izixhobo ezibhityileyo kunye nokuwelda ngesantya esiphantsi. Inkqubo yokuwelda ilawulwa yi-conduction: i-laser radiation ifudumeza umphezulu we-workpiece, kwaye ubushushu bomphezulu buyasasazeka ngaphakathi ngokuhambisa ubushushu. Ngokulawula iiparameter ezifana nobubanzi be-laser pulse, amandla, amandla aphezulu kunye nesantya sokuphindaphinda, i-workpiece iyanyibilika ukuze yenze ichibi elithile lokuwelda.

    
6. IGas Metal Arc Welding (GMAW/MIG/MAG)

    

   Abawelda abaninzi bacinga ukuba i-GMAW yeyona ndlela ilula yokuwelda ngenxa yokuba ayinamqobo wokungena lula kwaye kulula ukufunda. Ngokubanzi, umntu oqalayo ongenawo amava okuwelda unokwenza ukuwelda okusisiseko emva kweeyure ezi-2-3 zokufundiswa yingcali.

    

   Amanqaku aphambili okufunda i-GMAW: gcina isandla sizinzile, ulungelelaniso lwamandla ombane kunye nombane, lawula isantya sokuwelda, kwaye ufunde izimbo zomzimba ezifanelekileyo (ezifumaneka ngokulula ngokubukela iividiyo). Ukwazi ulandelelwano lokuwelda kuya kukuvumela ukuba uphathe uninzi lwemisebenzi yokuwelda.

    
7. Ukuwelda kweFriction

    

   Ukuwelda ngefriction yindlela esebenzisa ubushushu obuveliswa kukungqubana kwiindawo ezidityanisiweyo zezinto zokusebenza njengomthombo wobushushu, okubangela ukuguquka kweplastiki kwezinto zokusebenza phantsi koxinzelelo ukuze kufezekiswe ukuwelda.

    

   Phantsi koxinzelelo oluqhubekayo okanye olukhulayo kunye ne-torque, intshukumo ehambelanayo phakathi kobuso boqhagamshelwano lwe-welding ivelisa ubushushu bokungqubana kunye nobushushu bokuguqulwa kweplastiki kumphezulu wokungqubana nakufutshane nawo, inyusa ubushushu bendawo ukuya kumgama okufutshane kodwa ngokubanzi ngaphantsi kweqondo lokunyibilika. Oku kunciphisa ukumelana kokuguqulwa kwezinto, kwandisa i-plasticity kwaye kwaphule ifilimu ye-oxide kwi-interface. Phantsi koxinzelelo oluphazamisayo, oluhamba kunye nokuguqulwa kweplastiki kunye nokuhamba kwezinto, ukungqubana kufezekiswa ngokusasazeka kwe-intermolecular kunye ne-recrystallization kwi-interface—okwenza kube yindlela yokugquma eqinileyo.

    

   Ukuwelda ngefriction kudla ngokuba namanyathelo amane: (1) ukuguqulwa kwamandla oomatshini abe ngamandla obushushu; (2) ukuguqulwa kweplastiki yezinto; (3) uxinzelelo oluphazamisayo phantsi kweemeko zethermoplastic; (4) ukusasazwa phakathi kweemolekyuli kunye nokuphinda kusetyenziswe icrystallization.

    
8. Ukuwelda kwe-Ultrasonic

    

   Ukuwelda nge-ultrasonic kudlulisa amaza okungcangcazela aphindaphindekayo kwiindawo ezimbini zomsebenzi eziza kudityaniswa. Phantsi koxinzelelo, iindawo ezimbini ziyakhuhlana ukuze zenze i-fusion kumaleko we-molecular. Inkqubo epheleleyo yokuwelda nge-ultrasonic ibandakanya i-generator ye-ultrasonic, i-transducer, i-horn, i-welding tip assembly, i-mold kunye ne-frame.

    
9. Ukutywina okuthambileyo

    

   I-Brazing kunye ne-soldering zisebenzisa i-filler metal ene-melting point ephantsi kune-base metal. Ii-workpieces kunye ne-filler metal zifudunyezwa zibe kubushushu obungaphezulu kwe-melting point ye-filler kodwa ngaphantsi kwe-melting point ye-base metal. I-filler metal enyibilikisiweyo imanzisa i-base metal, izalise i-joint gap kwaye isasazeke nge-base metal ukuze kufezekiswe unxibelelwano lwe-workpiece. I-Brazing kunye ne-soldering zine-deformation encinci kunye ne-smooth, ii-joints ezintle, ezenza zifaneleke ukuchaneka kwe-welding, izinto ezintsonkothileyo kunye nee-assembly ezenziwe ngezinto ezahlukeneyo (umz., ii-honeycomb panels, ii-turbine blades, izixhobo zokusika i-carbide ene-cemented kunye neebhodi zesekethe eziprintiweyo). Ngokusekelwe kubushushu be-welding, i-brazing kunye ne-soldering zahlulwe zibe ngamacandelo amabini: inkqubo enobushushu be-welding obungaphantsi kwe-450℃ ibizwa ngokuba yi-soft soldering, kwaye engaphezulu kwe-450℃ ibizwa ngokuba yi-hard brazing.

    
10. I-Hard Brazing