Njengesixhobo sokucubungula esiphucukileyo, i-laser idlala indima ebaluleke ngakumbi kwicandelo lokuwelda kwemizi-mveliso. Nangona iteknoloji yokuwelda yelaser yendabuko inokulawula ezi ziphene ukuya kwinqanaba elithile, isiphumo sayo sihlala sinqunyelwe ziiparameter kunye neenkqubo zokuwelda ezizinzileyo. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, ukubonakala kweteknoloji yokuwelda ye-laser swing kubonelela ngesisombululo esitsha sokulawula iziphene zokuwelda. Ngokuzisa ukujija komqadi welaser ngexesha lenkqubo yokuwelda, iteknoloji inokuphucula kakhulu iimpawu eziguqukayo zedama lokuwelda, ngaloo ndlela iphucula umgangatho wokuwelda. Iteknoloji yokuwelda ye-laser swing isekelwe kakhulu kulawulo oluchanekileyo lwe-laser beam kunye neteknoloji yokuwelda ukuze kufezekiswe ukuwelda okusebenzayo nokumgangatho ophezulu.
Phucula inkangeleko:
Ngexeshainkqubo yokuwelda, umqadi welaser ujikwa ngokukhawuleza nangokuchanekileyo ukuze ugubungele yonke indawo yokuwelda. Xa umqadi uhamba kwicala le-weld, uyajikwa ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo, ezifana nesangqa, umfanekiso 8 kunye ne-helix. UChen nabanye basebenzise i-swing laser ukuwelda ii-alloys ze-aluminium ezahlukeneyo, kwaye xa kuthelekiswa nokungabikho kwe-swing laser welding, imo ye-weld yangaphambili neyangasemva ye-swing laser welding iphuculwe kakhulu. Ukongeza, i-transverse swing laser welding isetyenziselwa ukwandisa ukulungelelaniswa kwe-groove. Kwezinye iindawo zokusebenza zonxibelelwano oluqhubayo, kuyimfuneko ukwandisa indawo ye-overcurrent, kuyimfuneko ukwandisa umphezulu wonxibelelwano lwesinyithi, kwaye kuyimfuneko ukujikwa kwe-laser welding ukuze wenze umphezulu wonxibelelwano lwesinyithi ube "ngu-U".
1. (a) kunye (b) nezibalo zemo ye-weld cross section kunye nobukhulu be-weld phantsi kweendlela ezahlukeneyo zokujika; (c) Ukwenziwa komphezulu ophezulu we-weld phantsi kweendlela ezahlukeneyo zokujika.
Phucula ukudibana kakuhle kodonga olusecaleni:
Isiphene sokungadibani kodonga olusecaleni kulula ukwenzeka kwi-laser welding yendabuko ye-medium thick laser welding ye-medium thick plate, ebangelwa kukusasazwa okungalinganiyo kwamandla e-laser emlonyeni, igalelo lobushushu embindini we-groove likhulu, kwaye igalelo lobushushu eludongeni olusecaleni lwe-groove lincinci, elingenakubumba indibaniselwano elungileyo. Indlela ephambili yokusombulula isiphene sodonga olusecaleni olungadibaniswanga kukwandisa igalelo lobushushu eludongeni olusecaleni. Kwinkqubo ye-laser welding, ukusasazwa kwamandla okufanelekileyo kwe-laser beam kumphezulu we-workpiece kunokufezekiswa nge-beam swing. Xa ububanzi be-groove butshintsha, i-amplitude ye-beam swing iyalungiswa ukuze ihambelane nobubanzi be-groove, ukuze kwenziwe igalelo lobushushu elisebenzayo eludongeni olusecaleni.
2. Umfanekiso we-macroscopic we-weld ukusuka kumaleko wokuqala (L1) ukuya kumaleko wesixhenxe (L7) we-laser welding ene-oscillation okanye engenayo.
Nciphisa iziphene ze-porosity:
Indlela yokuthintela ukujija kwelaser kwiimbobo zokuwelda inokubangelwa kukuphucula ukuzinza kwemingxunya emincinci kunye nokuphucula ukugeleza kwesinyithi esilulwelo. Umfanekiso 3 ubonisa indlela ehamba ngayo ichibi elinyibilikisiweyo eliboniswa ziinxalenye ze-tracer ngexesha lenkqubo yokuwelda. Ukujija komqadi wokukhanya kubangela ukuba umngxunya omncinci wenze intshukumo yokujikeleza ejikelezayo nesantya esiphezulu, ekhuthaza ukugcwala kweqamza kwaye inefuthe "lokubamba" kwiimbobo eziqinileyo. Kwangaxeshanye, ukujija komqadi wokukhanya kwandisa indawo yomngxunya omncinci kwaye kunciphisa amathuba okuwa kokungazinzi kwawo ukuze enze amaqamza.
3. (a) kunye (b) neendlela zokulandela umkhondo wamasuntswana ngexesha lokuwelda; Indawo yokuvula umngxuma wesitshixo: (c) akukho laser ejikelezayo (d) ilaser ejikelezayo.
Nciphisa iziphene zokuqhekeka:
I-thermal crack luhlobo lwesiphene esenziwe kwinkqubo yokudibanisa ngenxa yokusebenzisana koxinzelelo lwangaphakathi kunye nezinto ze-metallurgical, ezihlala zifumaneka kwindawo echaphazelekileyo kubushushu (HAZ) yokudibanisa. Ukwakheka kwezi cracks kunxulumene nokuba sesichengeni kwezinto kubushushu obuphezulu, uxinzelelo lwe-welding kunye nokwakheka kweekhemikhali zezinto. Itekhnoloji yendabuko yokudibanisa i-laser inokubangela iicracks zobushushu kwinkqubo yokudibanisa, ikakhulu ngenxa yezi zizathu zilandelayo: Okokuqala, ngenxa yokufakwa kwamandla aphezulu kwe-laser welding, okubangela ukufudumeza okukhawulezileyo kunye nokupholisa indawo yokudibanisa, okubangela i-gradient enkulu yobushushu kunye noxinzelelo lobushushu; Okwesibini, impendulo ye-metallurgical kwinkqubo yokudibanisa inokukhokelela ekuhlukaniseni izinto ezingcolileyo ezine-low melting point, zenze i-brittle phase kwaye zonyuse uvakalelo lweecracks. Okokugqibela, ukuqina okukhawulezileyo kwezinto kunokukhokelela kukungafani kwesakhiwo se-microstructure, kwaye indlela yokukhula kweekristale ze-columnar isuka kwi-pool enyibilikisiweyo ukuya embindini, njengoko kubonisiwe kuMfanekiso 4. Kule meko, uvakalelo lokuqhekeka luyanda kakhulu.
4. Imo yokuqinisa ukuwelda nge-laser (a) ukuwelda nge-laser eqhelekileyo (b) ukuwelda nge-laser eshukumayo.
Itekhnoloji yokuwelda nge-laser ejikelezayo inokunciphisa okanye isuse ngempumelelo ukwenzeka kwemifantu eshushu ngokungenisa umqadi we-laser ojikelezayo. Ngexesha lenkqubo yokuwelda nge-laser ejikelezayo, ukushukuma rhoqo komqadi we-laser kunokukhuthaza ukuhamba kwesinyithi kwidama elinyibilikisiweyo, ngaloo ndlela kuphuculwe ukufana kwesakhiwo se-microstructure, kwaye iinkozo zikhula zibe yi-coaxial embindini wedama elinyibilikisiweyo, njengoko kubonisiwe kuMfanekiso 5. Ezi nkozo ze-coaxial zisebenza njengomqobo okhuselayo ukuthintela ukwanda kwemifantu kwaye zisebenza njengomaleko wokugquma ubushushu ukuthintela ukwanda kwemifantu. Kwangaxeshanye, i-laser ejikelezayo inceda ukunciphisa ukwakheka kwesigaba esibuthathaka ngenxa yokwahlulwa kwamacandelo, ukunciphisa umngcipheko wokuqhekeka kobushushu.
5. (A) iimpawu zesakhiwo se-microstructure sokuqina kwee-welds ze-laser welding zesiqhelo (B) iimpawu zesakhiwo se-microstructure sokuqina kwee-welds ze-laser swing (CCW).
Xa kuthelekiswa nokuwelda nge-laser self-fusion, iteknoloji yokuwelda nge-laser swing iye yabonwa njengendlela esebenzayo yokunciphisa ukuthambekela kokuqhekeka kunye nokuphucula iziphene ezifana nokungadibani kweendonga ezisecaleni. Ngenxa yempembelelo yokushukumisa yomqadi kwidama elinyibilikisiweyo, ineenzuzo ezibalulekileyo ekuphuculeni ukulingana kwesithuba, ukuphucula ukufana kwesakhiwo kunye nokucoca iinkozo. Ukusetyenziswa kweteknoloji yokuwelda nge-laser swing kunokwenza ukuwelda nge-laser kusetyenziswe kakhulu, kwaye ukuwelda okuchanekileyo nge-laser kunokufezekiswa kwiindawo zokusebenza ezinkulu kunye nokuwelda okubanzi, oko kukuthi, inkqubo esisiseko kunye nokuchaneka kwemveliso kuyakhululeka.
Ixesha leposi: Februwari-21-2025
