1. Imizekelo yesicelo
1） Ibhodi yokusila
Kwiminyaka yoo-1960, iToyota Motor Company yaqala ukusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obungenanto obuthungelwe ngokwezifiso. Kukudibanisa amaphepha amabini okanye ngaphezulu ngokuwahlanganisa aze emva koko awafake isitampu. La maphepha anokuba nobukhulu obahlukeneyo, izixhobo, kunye neempawu. Ngenxa yeemfuno eziphezulu zokusebenza kweemoto kunye nemisebenzi efana nokonga amandla, ukhuseleko lokusingqongileyo, ukhuseleko lokuqhuba, njl.njl., iteknoloji yokuthungelwa ngokwezifiso itsale ingqalelo engakumbi. Ukuthungelwa kweepleyiti kungasebenzisa ukuthungelwa kwebala, ukuthungelwa kwe-flash butt,ukuwelda nge-laser, ukuwelda kwe-hydrogen arc, njl. Okwangoku,ukuwelda nge-laserisetyenziswa kakhulu kuphando lwangaphandle kunye nokuveliswa kwee-blanks ezidityanisiweyo ngendlela ekhethekileyo.
Ngokuthelekisa iziphumo zovavanyo kunye nokubala, iziphumo ziyavumelana kakuhle, ziqinisekisa ukuchaneka komzekelo womthombo wobushushu. Ububanzi bomthungo we-weld phantsi kweeparamitha zenkqubo ezahlukeneyo babalwe kwaye baphuculwa kancinci kancinci. Ekugqibeleni, umlinganiselo wamandla we-beam we-2:1 wamkelwe, imiqadi ephindwe kabini yacwangciswa ngaxeshanye, umqadi omkhulu wamandla wawukwimbindi womthungo we-weld, kwaye umqadi omncinci wamandla wawukwipleyiti etyebileyo. Inganciphisa ngokufanelekileyo ububanzi be-weld. Xa imiqadi emibini ingama-45 degrees ukusuka komnye komnye. Xa icwangcisiwe, umqadi usebenza kwipleyiti etyebileyo nakwipleyiti ebhityileyo ngokulandelelana. Ngenxa yokunciphisa ububanzi be-heating beam esebenzayo, ububanzi be-weld nabo buyancipha.
2） Iintsimbi ze-aluminium ezahlukeneyo
Olu phononongo lwangoku lufikelela kwizigqibo ezilandelayo: (1) Njengoko umlinganiselo wamandla ombane usanda, ubukhulu bekhompawundi ye-intermetallic kwindawo efanayo ye-weld/aluminium alloy interface buyancipha kancinci kancinci, kwaye usasazo luba rhoqo ngakumbi. Xa i-RS=2, ubukhulu bekhompawundi ye-interface IMC buphakathi kwe-5-10 microns. Ubude obuphezulu be-free "like needle" IMC buphakathi kwe-23 microns. Xa i-RS=0.67, ubukhulu bekhompawundi ye-interface IMC bungaphantsi kwe-5 microns, kwaye ubude obuphezulu be-free "like needle" IMC yi-5.6 microns. Ubude bekhompawundi ye-intermetallic buncitshiswa kakhulu.
(2)Xa kusetyenziswa i-laser ye-dual-beam edibeneyo ukuwelda, i-IMC kwi-weld/aluminum alloy interface ayiqhelekanga. Ubukhulu beleyara ye-IMC kwi-weld/aluminum alloy interface kufutshane ne-steel/aluminum alloy joint interface bukhulu, bunobukhulu obukhulu be-23.7 microns. Njengoko umlinganiselo wamandla e-beam usanda, xa i-RS=1.50, ubukhulu beleyara ye-IMC kwi-weld/aluminum alloy interface busebukhulu kunobukhulu be-intermetallic compound kwindawo efanayo ye-serial dual beam.
3. I-aluminium-lithium alloy edibeneyo enomfanekiso we-T
Ngokuphathelele iimpawu zoomatshini ze-laser welded joints ze-2A97 aluminium alloy, abaphandi bafunde ubunzima obuncinci, iimpawu zokutyhafa kunye neempawu zokudinwa. Iziphumo zovavanyo zibonisa ukuba: indawo ye-weld ye-laser welded joint ye-2A97-T3/T4 aluminium alloy ithambile kakhulu. I-coefficient imalunga ne-0.6, enxulumene kakhulu nokunyibilika kunye nobunzima obulandelayo ekunabeni kwesigaba sokuqinisa; i-coefficient yamandla ye-2A97-T4 aluminium alloy joint ewelded yi-IPGYLR-6000 fiber laser inokufikelela kwi-0.8, kodwa i-plasticity iphantsi, ngelixa i-IPGYLS-4000 fiber.ukuwelda nge-laserAmandla e-2A97-T3 aluminium alloy joints ewelded nge-laser amalunga ne-0.6; iziphene ze-pore zibangelwa kukuqhekeka kokudinwa kwi-2A97-T3 aluminium alloy laser joints.
Kwimo ye-synchronous, ngokwee-morphologies ezahlukeneyo zekristale, i-FZ yenziwe kakhulu ziikristale ze-columnar kunye neekristale ezilinganayo. Iikristale ze-columnar zine-epitaxial EQZ growth orientation, kwaye izikhokelo zazo zokukhula zithe nkqo kumgca we-fusion. Oku kungenxa yokuba umphezulu we-EQZ grain yi-nucleation particle esele yenziwe, kwaye ukusasazwa kobushushu kweli cala yeyona ikhawulezayo. Ke ngoko, i-primary crystallographic axis yomgca we-vertical fusion ikhula ngokukhethekileyo kwaye amacala ayathintelwa. Njengoko iikristale ze-columnar zikhula zisiya embindini we-weld, i-structural morphology iyatshintsha kwaye ii-columnar dendrites zenziwa. Embindini we-weld, ubushushu bedama elinyibilikisiweyo buphezulu, izinga lokusasazwa kobushushu liyafana kuzo zonke iindlela, kwaye iinkozo zikhula ngokulinganayo kuzo zonke iindlela, zenze ii-dendrites ezilinganayo. Xa i-primary crystallographic axis yee-dendrites ezilinganayo ihambelana ngqo ne-specimen plane, iinkozo ezicacileyo ezifana neentyatyambo zinokubonwa kwisigaba se-metallographic. Ukongeza, xa ichaphazeleka kukupholisa kakhulu kwezinto zasekuhlaleni kwindawo yokunyibilika, iibhendi ezicolekileyo ezilinganayo zihlala zivela kwindawo yomthungo odibeneyo we-synchronous mode T-shaped joint, kwaye i-grain morphology kwi-equixed fine-grained band yahlukile kwi-grain morphology ye-EQZ. Imbonakalo efanayo. Ngenxa yokuba inkqubo yokufudumeza ye-heterogeneous mode TSTB-LW yahlukile kweye-synchronous mode TSTB-LW, kukho umahluko ocacileyo kwi-macromorphology kunye ne-microstructure morphology. I-heterogeneous mode TSTB-LW T-shaped joint ibone imijikelo emibini yobushushu, ebonisa iimpawu zedama elinyibilikisiweyo kabini. Kukho umgca we-fusion ocacileyo wesibini ngaphakathi kwe-weld, kwaye idama elinyibilikisiweyo elenziwe yi-thermal conduction welding lincinci. Kwinkqubo ye-heterogeneous mode TSTB-LW, i-deep penetration weld ichaphazeleka yinkqubo yokufudumeza ye-thermal conduction welding. Ii-dendrites ze-columnar kunye nee-dendrites ezilinganayo ezikufutshane nomgca we-fusion wesibini zinemida embalwa ye-subgrain kwaye ziguquka zibe ziikristale ze-columnar okanye zeselula, nto leyo ebonisa ukuba Inkqubo yokufudumeza ye-thermal conductivity welding inefuthe lonyango lobushushu kwii-deep penetration welds. Kwaye ubungakanani beenkozo ze-dendrites embindini we-thermally conductive weld yi-2-5 microns, nto leyo encinci kakhulu kunobungakanani beenkozo ze-dendrites embindini we-deep penetration weld (5-10 microns). Oku kunxulumene kakhulu nokufudumeza okuphezulu kwee-welds kumacala omabini. Ubushushu bunxulumene nesantya sokupholisa esilandelayo.
3) Umgaqo wokuwelda i-laser powder cladding welding enemiqadi emibini
4)Amandla aphezulu okudibana kwe-solder
Kwilinge lokuwelda i-laser powder deposition welding enemiqadi emibini, ekubeni imiqadi emibini ye-laser isasazwe ecaleni kumacala omabini e-bridge wire, uluhlu lwe-laser kunye ne-substrate lukhulu kunolo lwe-single-beam laser powder deposition welding, kwaye ii-solder joints eziphumayo zithe nkqo kwi-bridge wire. Icala le-wire lide kakhulu. Umfanekiso 3.6 ubonisa ii-solder joints ezifunyenwe yi-single-beam kunye ne-double-beam laser powder deposition welding. Ngexesha lenkqubo yokuwelda, nokuba yi-double-beamukuwelda nge-laserindlela okanye umqadi omnyeukuwelda nge-laserIndlela, ichibi elithile elinyibilikisiweyo lenziwa kwizinto ezisisiseko ngokuhambisa ubushushu. Ngale ndlela, isinyithi sezinto ezisisiseko ezinyibilikisiweyo kwichibi elinyibilikisiweyo sinokwenza ikhonkco le-metallurgical kunye nomgubo we-alloy onyibilikisiweyo ozifudumezayo, ngaloo ndlela kufezekiswa ukuwelda. Xa usebenzisa i-laser enemiqadi emibini yokuwelda, ukusebenzisana phakathi komqadi we-laser kunye nezinto ezisisiseko kukusebenzisana phakathi kweendawo zentshukumo zemiqadi emibini ye-laser, oko kukuthi, ukusebenzisana phakathi kwamachibi amabini anyibilikisiweyo enziwe yi-laser kwizinto. Ngale ndlela, ukuhlanganiswa okutsha okubangelwayo Indawo inkulu kuneyomqadi omnye.ukuwelda nge-laser, ngoko ke amalungu e-solder afunyenwe nge-double-beamukuwelda nge-laserzinamandla kune-single-beamukuwelda nge-laser.
2. Ukukwazi ukunyibilikisa izinto ezininzi kunye nokuphindaphinda kwazo
Kwi-single-beamukuwelda nge-laseruvavanyo, ekubeni umbindi wendawo egxile kwi-laser usebenza ngokuthe ngqo kwi-micro-bridge wire, i-bridge wire ineemfuno eziphezulu kakhulu ze-ukuwelda nge-laseriiparameter zenkqubo, ezinje ngokusasazwa kwamandla e-laser angalinganiyo kunye nobukhulu bomgubo we-alloy ongalinganiyo. Oku kuya kukhokelela ekwaphukeni kwentambo ngexesha lenkqubo yokuwelda kwaye kubangele ngokuthe ngqo ukuba ucingo lwebhulorho lutshise. Kwindlela yokuwelda ye-laser enemiqadi emibini, ekubeni amaziko agxile kwimiqadi emibini ye-laser engasebenzi ngokuthe ngqo kwiintambo ze-micro-bridge, iimfuno ezingqongqo zeparameter zenkqubo yokuwelda ye-laser yeentambo zebhulorho ziyancitshiswa, kwaye ukuwelda kunye nokuphindaphinda kuphuculwe kakhulu.
Ixesha lokuthumela: Okthobha-17-2023
