Ishishini leLaser elidumileyo leSayensi

I. Intshayelelo kwiShishini leLaser

Njengommeli wemveliso ephucukileyo, iteknoloji yelaser ibone uphuhliso oluphawulekayo kwiminyaka elishumi edlulileyo—ishishini lelaser laseTshayina likhule ukusuka kwicandelo elitsha ukuya ekubeni ngumdlali ophambili, kunye namashishini aseTshayina afikelela ekwandeni ngokukhawuleza. Sijonge phambili kwiminyaka elishumi ezayo, ishishini lelaser laseTshayina likulungele ukutshintsha ukusuka kuphuhliso “olukhulu” ukuya “olukumgangatho ophezulu”.

Ukususela kwinkulungwane yama-20, i-laser ibisoloko idunyiswa njengenye yezona zinto ziphambili eziveliswe ngabantu, ilandela amandla e-athomu, iikhompyutha, kunye nee-semiconductors. Eyaziwa ngokuba “yimela ebukhali,” “umlawuli ochanekileyo,” “ukukhanya okukhanyayo,” kunye “ne-laser engaqhelekanga,” iye yatshintsha ubuchwepheshe bale mihla.

II. Imbali yoPhuhliso lweeLaser

Kwangowe-1916, uAlbert Einstein wachaza ubudlelwane phakathi kokukhutshwa okukhuthazwayo kunye nokukhutshwa okuzenzekelayo kweeathom, ebangela ukuqikelelwa malunga nokusebenzisa iilaser ukukhulisa ukukhanya. Ngowe-1958, izazinzulu zaseMelika zacebisa umgaqo welaser ngokusekelwe ekuqapheleni ukuba ikristale yomhlaba engaqhelekanga ekhanyiswa yibhalbhu ye-neon ikhupha ukukhanya okunamandla, okugxile kakhulu. Lo mgaqo uthi xa izinto zivuselelwa ngamandla afana nesantya sayo se-molecular oscillation, ivelisa ukukhanya okunamandla okungafaniyo—i-laser.

Ngo-1960, isazinzulu saseMelika uTheodore savelisa i-laser yokuqala ehlabathini (ubude begagasi: 0.6943 microns) ngokushukumisa ikristale yerubhi enesibane esikhanyayo esinamandla. Olu phawu luphawule utshintsho lwe-laser ukusuka kwisayensi yethiyori ukuya kwifiziksi yovavanyo. Emva koko, iteknoloji ye-laser yaphucuka ngokukhawuleza kwiinkalo ezininzi, isuka kwisigaba sovavanyo ukuya kwizicelo ezisebenzayo kwaye yafumana ukuqatshelwa ngokubanzi njengenye yezona zinto zibalulekileyo zenkulungwane yama-20.

Namhlanje, izixhobo zokucubungula i-laser ezithathwe kubuchwepheshe be-laser ziye zaba sisixhobo esibalulekileyo kwimveliso yemihla ngemihla yemizi-mveliso, kuquka amacandelo afana nemizi-mveliso yemikhosi, i-aerospace, imveliso yeemoto, ukhathalelo lwezonyango, imveliso ye-elektroniki, kunye nemveliso ye-photovoltaic.

Ekuhambeni kwexesha, uphando lwabantu kwicandelo le-laser luye lwaqhubeka nokuphula imida, lufumana iziphumo ezimangalisayo. Uphuhliso lwee-laser kwiindidi ezahlukeneyo ze-wavelength bands—kuquka ii-fiber lasers, ii-CO₂ lasers, ii-green lasers, ii-blue lasers, ii-ultraviolet (UV) lasers, ii-deep ultraviolet (DUV) lasers, kunye nee-X-ray lasers—lubonelele ngenkxaso enamandla kwizicelo ezahlukeneyo zorhwebo, zonyango, kunye nezemizi-mveliso. Ngokuhambelana nokuqhubela phambili kwe-laser wavelengths, izinto ezintsha kwizicelo ze-laser ziye zachuma, ezifana nokusika i-laser, ukuwelda i-laser, ukumakisha i-laser, ukugquma i-laser, ukubhola i-laser, kunye nokusika i-laser.

Ngenxa yenkqubela phambili yetekhnoloji eqhubekayo, izixhobo zokucubungula i-laser ziye zaba luncedo ngakumbi kwaye zisetyenziswa kakhulu. Iimveliso ezenziwe okanye ezicutshungulwa yi-laser ziye zadityaniswa nobomi babantu bemihla ngemihla, zadibana ngokusondeleyo nemisebenzi yethu yemihla ngemihla.

III. Isishwankathelo seCandelo leShishini leLaser

Ikhonkco loshishino lwelaser linamacandelo amathathu aphambili:

Ukunyuka: Izixhobo kunye nezinto ezisetyenziswayo, kuquka ukwenziwa kwezixhobo zokulawula ezibonakalayo, ezoomatshini, ezombane, kunye nezomoya ezisebenzisa izixhobo zokwenza i-laser, kunye ne-R&D yamaqonga olawulo anxulumeneyo kunye neenkqubo zesoftware.
Umthombo ophakathi: Ukwenziwa kwezixhobo zokucubungula nge-laser (icandelo eliphambili lekhonkco leshishini).
Ezantsi: Amashishini ezicelo, aquka iimoto, intsimbi, ukwakhiwa kweenqanawa, i-aerospace, izixhobo ze-elektroniki zabathengi, izixhobo eziphambili, ukucubungula i-semiconductor, ukuvelisa oomatshini, ubuhle bezonyango, kunye noshishino lwe-elektroniki—apho ubuchwepheshe bokucubungula i-laser busetyenziswa kakhulu.

IV. Imarike yeLaser yaseTshayina

Ishishini leLaser: Isabelo seMarike yamaShishini aseTshayina kulindeleke ukuba siqhubeke sinyuka

Iqhutywa kukukhula koqoqosho oluqhubekayo lwaseTshayina kunye nophuhliso lwecandelo lemveliso, isiseko soqoqosho esomeleleyo siya kunyusa ngokungenakuphepheka imfuno yemarike yokwenziwa kwe-laser kwaye sidale iimeko ezifanelekileyo zokuvelisa ubuchwepheshe kushishino. Ukujonga phambili, ishishini lezixhobo ze-laser laseTshayina linamandla amakhulu ophuhliso lwemarike.

Ngenxa yokwanda kwemfuno yokusika/ukuwelda ngamandla aphezulu, ukucubungula nge-microelectronic, kunye nokubona, imfuno yezixhobo ze-laser zoshishino kulindeleke ukuba iqhubeke nokukhula okuzinzileyo. Okwangoku, imfuno yemarike kwicandelo lokucubungula izinto ikhula ngokukhawuleza, ngelixa izinga lokungena kweenkqubo ze-laser lihlala liphantsi. Njengoko iteknoloji yokucubungula i-laser ikhula kwaye ukusebenza kweendleko kuphucuka, amathuba emfuno yezixhobo ze-laser zoshishino athembisa kakhulu.