1. Isishwankathelo soshishino lweLaser
(1) Intshayelelo yeLaser
I-Laser (Ukukhanya Okukhuliswayo Ngokukhutshwa Kwemitha Eshukunyiswayo, efinyeziweyo njenge-LASER) ngumqadi wokukhanya odibeneyo, othe ngqo, okhokelela kwicala elinye, oveliswa kukwandiswa kwemitha yokukhanya kwisangqa esincinci ngokusebenzisa isandiso sempendulo esivuselelweyo kunye nemitha.
Itekhnoloji yelaser yaqala ekuqaleni kweminyaka yoo-1960, kwaye ngenxa yokwahluka kwayo ngokupheleleyo ekukhanyeni okuqhelekileyo, ilaser yasetyenziswa kakhulu kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo kwaye yachaphazela kakhulu uphuhliso kunye notshintsho kwisayensi, itekhnoloji, uqoqosho kunye noluntu.
Ukuzalwa kwelaser kutshintshe kakhulu ubuso be-optics yamandulo, kwandisa i-classical optical physics yaba yinkalo entsha yobuchwepheshe obuphezulu equka zombini i-classical optics kunye ne-photonics yanamhlanje, yenze igalelo elingenakutshintshwa kuphuhliso loqoqosho lwabantu kunye noluntu. Uphando lwe-laser physics lube negalelo ekuchumeni kwamasebe amabini amakhulu e-photonic physics yanamhlanje: i-energy photonics kunye ne-information photonics. Iquka i-nonlinear optics, i-quantum optics, i-quantum computing, i-laser sensing kunye nonxibelelwano, i-laser plasma physics, i-laser chemistry, i-laser biology, i-laser medicine, i-ultra-precise laser spectroscopy kunye ne-metrology, i-laser atomic physics kuquka i-laser cooling kunye ne-Bose-Einstein condensed matter research, izixhobo zokusebenza kwelaser, i-laser materials, i-laser micro-optoelectronic chip fabrication, i-laser 3D printing kunye ne-international frontier disciplines ezingaphezu kwama-20 kunye nezicelo zobuchwepheshe. ISebe leSayensi neTekhnoloji yeLaser (DSL) lisekwe kwezi ndawo zilandelayo.
Kwishishini lokuvelisa i-laser, ihlabathi lingene kwixesha "lokuvelisa ukukhanya", ngokwezibalo zeshishini le-laser zamazwe ngamazwe, i-50% ye-GDP yonyaka ye-United States1 inxulumene nokwanda ngokukhawuleza kwemarike yezicelo ze-laser ezikumgangatho ophezulu. Amazwe aliqela aphuhlileyo, amelwe yi-United States, iJamani neJapan, ngokusisiseko agqibezele ukutshintshwa kweenkqubo zendabuko ngokucubungula i-laser kumashishini amakhulu okuvelisa afana neemoto kunye neenqwelo moya. I-laser kwimveliso yemizi-mveliso ibonakalise amandla amakhulu ezicelo zemveliso ezingabizi kakhulu, ezikumgangatho ophezulu, ezisebenzayo nezikhethekileyo ezingenakuphunyezwa yimveliso yesiqhelo, kwaye ibe ngumqhubi obalulekileyo wokhuphiswano kunye nokuvelisa izinto ezintsha phakathi kwamazwe amakhulu emizi-mveliso ehlabathini. Amazwe axhasa ngenkuthalo iteknoloji ye-laser njengenye yetekhnoloji yawo ebaluleke kakhulu kwaye aphuhlise izicwangciso zophuhliso lweshishini le-laser lesizwe.
(2)IlezaUmthombo Pi-rinciple
Ilaser sisixhobo esisebenzisa imitha evuselelweyo ukuvelisa ukukhanya okubonakalayo okanye okungabonakaliyo, enesakhiwo esintsonkothileyo kunye nemiqobo ephezulu yobuchwephesha. Inkqubo ye-optical yenziwe ikakhulu ngumthombo wepompo (umthombo wokuvuselela), i-gain medium (into esebenzayo) kunye ne-resonant cavity kunye nezinye izixhobo ze-optical. I-gain medium ngumthombo wokuveliswa kwe-photon, kwaye ngokufunxa amandla aveliswa ngumthombo wepompo, i-gain medium itsiba ukusuka kwimeko yomhlaba ukuya kwimeko yokuvuselela. Ekubeni imeko yokuvuselela ingazinzanga, ngeli xesha, i-gain medium iya kukhulula amandla ukuze ibuyele kwimeko eqinileyo yemeko yomhlaba. Kule nkqubo yokukhululwa kwamandla, i-gain medium ivelisa ii-photon, kwaye ezi photon zinomgangatho ophezulu wokuvumelana kwamandla, ubude be-wavelength kunye necala, zihlala zibonakaliswa kwi-optical resonant cavity, intshukumo ejikelezayo, ukuze ziqhubeke nokukhulisa, kwaye ekugqibeleni zikhuphe i-laser nge-reflector ukuze zenze i-laser beam. Njengenkqubo ye-optical core yesixhobo se-terminal, ukusebenza kwe-laser kudla ngokugqiba ngokuthe ngqo umgangatho kunye namandla e-output beam yesixhobo se-laser, yinxalenye ephambili yesixhobo se-terminal laser.
Umthombo wepompo (umthombo wokunyusa) unika amandla okunyusa kwi-gain medium. I-gain medium inomdla wokuvelisa ii-photon ukuvelisa nokwandisa i-laser. I-resonant cavity yindawo apho iimpawu ze-photon (frequency, phase kunye ne-direction yokusebenza) zilawulwa khona ukuze kufunyanwe umthombo wokukhanya ophumayo osemgangathweni ophezulu ngokulawula ii-photon oscillations kwi-cavity. Umthombo wepompo (umthombo wokunyusa) unika amandla okunyusa kwi-gain medium. I-gain medium inomdla wokuvelisa ii-photon ukuvelisa nokukhulisa i-laser. I-resonant cavity yindawo apho iimpawu ze-photon (frequency, phase kunye ne-direction yokusebenza) zilungiswa khona ukuze kufunyanwe umthombo wokukhanya ophumayo osemgangathweni ophezulu ngokulawula ii-photon oscillations kwi-cavity.
(3)Ulwahlulo loMthombo weLaser
Umthombo we-laser unokwahlulwa ngokwe-gain medium, i-output wavelength, i-operation mode, kunye ne-pump mode, ngolu hlobo lulandelayo
① Uhlu ngokwe-gain medium
Ngokweendlela ezahlukeneyo zokufumana ulwazi, ii-laser zingahlulwa zibe yi-solid state (kubandakanya i-solid, i-semiconductor, i-fiber, i-hybrid), ii-liquid lasers, ii-gas lasers, njl.njl.
| IlezaUmthomboUhlobo | Fumana iMedia | Iimpawu eziphambili |
| Umthombo weLaser yeLizwe eliQinileyo | Izinto eziqinileyo, iiSemiconductors, iiFiber Optics, iHybrid | Uzinzo oluhle, amandla aphezulu, iindleko zokugcina ziphantsi, zifanelekile kwimizi-mveliso |
| Umthombo weLaser yoLwelo | Ulwelo lweekhemikhali | Ubungakanani bobude bomda obunganyanzelekanga bufikeleleke, kodwa ubukhulu bukhulu kwaye iindleko zokulungisa ziphezulu |
| Umthombo weLaser yeGesi | Iigesi | Umthombo wokukhanya we-laser osemgangathweni ophezulu, kodwa ubukhulu bukhulu kwaye iindleko zokulungisa ziphezulu |
| Umthombo weLaser ye-Electron yasimahla | Umqadi we-electron kwintsimi ethile yamagnetic | Amandla aphezulu kakhulu kunye nemveliso yelaser esemgangathweni ophezulu inokufezekiswa, kodwa itekhnoloji yokuvelisa kunye neendleko zemveliso ziphezulu kakhulu. |
Ngenxa yokuzinza okuhle, amandla aphezulu kunye neendleko eziphantsi zokulungisa, ukusetyenziswa kwee-laser ze-solid-state kunceda kakhulu.
Phakathi kwee-laser ze-solid-state, ii-laser ze-semiconductor zinezibonelelo zokusebenza kakuhle, ubungakanani obuncinci, ubomi obude, ukusetyenziswa kwamandla aphantsi, njl. Kwelinye icala, zingasetyenziswa ngokuthe ngqo njengomthombo wokukhanya ophambili kunye nenkxaso yokucubungula i-laser, ezonyango, unxibelelwano, ukuva, ukubonisa, ukubeka esweni kunye nezicelo zokhuselo, kwaye zibe sisiseko esibalulekileyo sophuhliso lwetekhnoloji ye-laser yanamhlanje enentsingiselo yophuhliso olucwangcisiweyo.
Kwelinye icala, iileyiza ze-semiconductor zingasetyenziswa njengomthombo wokukhanya ophambili wokupompa kwezinye iileyiza ezifana neeleyiza ze-solid-state kunye neeleyiza zefayibha, nto leyo ekhuthaza kakhulu inkqubela phambili yetekhnoloji yentsimi yeleyiza yonke. Onke amazwe amakhulu aphuhlileyo kwihlabathi afake oku kwizicwangciso zawo zophuhliso lwesizwe, enika inkxaso enamandla kwaye efumana uphuhliso olukhawulezileyo.
② Ngokwendlela yokupompa
Iilaser zinokwahlulwa zibe ziilaser ezimpompelwa ngombane, ezimpompelwa ngokubonakalayo, ezimpompelwa ngeekhemikhali, njl. ngokwendlela yokumpompa.
Iilaser ezimpompiweyo ngombane zibhekisa kwiilaser ezivuselelwa yi-current, iilaser zegesi zivuselelwa kakhulu yi-gas discharge, ngelixa iilaser ze-semiconductor zivuselelwa kakhulu yi-current injection.
Phantse zonke ii-laser ze-solid state kunye nee-liquid lasers zii-optical pump lasers, kwaye ii-semiconductor lasers zisetyenziswa njengomthombo ophambili wokupompa kwee-optical pump lasers.
Iilaser ezimpontshwe ngeekhemikhali zibhekisa kwiilaser ezisebenzisa amandla akhutshwa ziikhemikhali ukuze zivuselele izinto ezisebenzayo.
③Uhlu ngokwendlela yokusebenza
Iilaser zinokwahlulwa zibe ziilaser eziqhubekayo kunye neelaser ezishukumayo ngokwendlela ezisebenza ngayo.
Iilaser eziqhubekayo zinokusasazwa okuzinzileyo kwenani lamasuntswana kwinqanaba ngalinye lamandla kunye nentsimi yemitha ekwindawo engaphakathi, kwaye ukusebenza kwazo kubonakala ngokuvuseleleka kwezinto ezisebenzayo kunye nemveliso yelaser ehambelanayo ngendlela eqhubekayo kwixesha elide. Iilaser eziqhubekayo zinokukhupha ukukhanya kwelaser ngokuqhubekayo ixesha elide, kodwa isiphumo sobushushu sicacile ngakumbi.
Iilaser ezityhalwayo zibhekisa kwixesha apho amandla elaser egcinwa kwixabiso elithile, kwaye akhuphe ukukhanya kwelaser ngendlela engaqhubekiyo, kunye neempawu eziphambili zefuthe elincinci lobushushu kunye nolawulo oluhle.
④ Uhlu ngokwe-output wavelength
Iilaser zingahlulwa ngokwe-wavelength njenge-infrared lasers, i-visable lasers, i-ultraviolet lasers, i-deep ultraviolet lasers, njl. Uluhlu lwe-wavelength lokukhanya olunokufunxwa zizinto ezahlukeneyo ezakhiweyo lwahlukile, ngoko ke iilaser ze-wavelengths ezahlukeneyo ziyafuneka ukuze kucutshungulwe kakuhle izinto ezahlukeneyo okanye kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo zokusetyenziswa.Iilaser ze-infrared kunye neelaser ze-UV zezona zimbini zisetyenziswa kakhulu. Iilaser ze-infrared zisetyenziswa kakhulu "kwinkqubo yokushisa", apho izinto ezikumphezulu wezinto zifudunyezwa kwaye zitshiswe (zitshiswe) ukuze zisuswe izinto; kwifilimu encinci yokucubungula izinto ezingezizo zesinyithi, ukusika i-semiconductor wafer, ukusika iglasi yendalo, ukubhola, ukumakisha kunye nezinye iindawo, amandla aphezulu Kwintsimi yokucubungula izinto ezingezizo zesinyithi, ukusika i-semiconductor wafer, ukusika iglasi yendalo, ukubhola, ukumakisha, njl.njl., iiphoton ze-UV ezinamandla aphezulu ziphula ngokuthe ngqo iibhondi zemolekyuli kumphezulu wezinto ezingezizo zesinyithi, ukuze iimolekyuli zikwazi ukwahlulwa kwinto, kwaye le ndlela ayivelisi ukusabela kobushushu obuphezulu, ngoko ke idla ngokubizwa ngokuba "yinkqubo ebandayo".
Ngenxa yamandla aphezulu e-UV photons, kunzima ukuvelisa i-laser ethile ye-UV eqhubekayo enamandla aphezulu ngumthombo wangaphandle wokuchukumisa, ngoko ke i-UV laser idla ngokuveliswa kukusetyenziswa kwendlela yokuguqula i-frequency ye-nonlinear effect frequency material, ngoko ke intsimi yemizi-mveliso yangoku ye-UV lasers esetyenziswa kakhulu zii-solid-state UV lasers.
(4) Ikhonkco lemizi-mveliso
Eyona nto iphambili kwikhonkco leshishini kukusetyenziswa kwezinto eziluhlaza ze-semiconductor, izixhobo eziphezulu kunye nezixhobo zemveliso ezinxulumene noko ukwenza ii-laser cores kunye nezixhobo ze-optoelectronic, nto leyo esisiseko seshishini le-laser kwaye inomda wokufikelela ophezulu. Eyona nto iphambili kwikhonkco leshishini kukusetyenziswa kwee-laser chips kunye nezixhobo ze-optoelectronic, iimodyuli, izinto ezibonakalayo, njl. njengemithombo yepompo yokwenziwa kunye nokuthengiswa kwee-laser ezahlukeneyo, kubandakanya ii-laser ze-semiconductor ngqo, ii-laser ze-carbon dioxide, ii-laser eziqinileyo, ii-laser zefayibha, njl.njl.; ishishini elisezantsi libhekisa ikakhulu kwiindawo zokusetyenziswa kwee-laser ezahlukeneyo, kubandakanya izixhobo zokucubungula imboni, i-LIDAR, unxibelelwano lwe-optical, ubuhle bezonyango kunye nezinye izimboni zezicelo.
①Ababoneleli abaphezulu
Izinto ezisetyenziswa kwimveliso ezikumgangatho ophezulu ezifana neetships ze-laser ze-semiconductor, izixhobo kunye neemodyuli ikakhulu zizinto ezahlukeneyo ze-chip, izinto zefayibha kunye neendawo ezenziwe ngomatshini, kubandakanya ii-substrates, ii-heat sinks, iikhemikhali kunye neeseti zezindlu. Ukulungiswa kweetships kufuna umgangatho ophezulu kunye nokusebenza kwezixhobo ezisetyenziswa phezulu, ikakhulu ezivela kubathengisi bamanye amazwe, kodwa umgangatho wendawo uyanda kancinci kancinci, kwaye kancinci kancinci ufumana ulawulo oluzimeleyo. Ukusebenza kwezixhobo eziphambili ezisetyenziswa phezulu kunempembelelo ngqo kumgangatho weetships ze-laser ze-semiconductor, kunye nokuphuculwa okuqhubekayo kokusebenza kwezixhobo ezahlukeneyo ze-chip, ukuphucula ukusebenza kweemveliso zoshishino kudlala indima entle ekukhuthazeni.
②Uluhlu lweshishini oluphakathi
I-laser chip ye-semiconductor yeyona nto iphambili ekukhanyiseni ii-laser ezahlukeneyo kwi-midstream ye-industry chain, kwaye idlala indima entle ekukhuthazeni uphuhliso lwee-midstream lasers. Kwicandelo le-midstream lasers, i-United States, iJamani kunye namanye amashishini aphesheya alawula, kodwa emva kophuhliso olukhawulezileyo lwe-industry laser yasekhaya kwiminyaka yakutshanje, imakethi ye-midstream ye-industry chain ifikelele kwinqanaba lokutshintshwa ngokukhawuleza kwe-industry.
③Industrial chain ezantsi
Ishishini elisezantsi linendima enkulu ekukhuthazeni uphuhliso lweshishini, ngoko ke uphuhliso lweshishini elisezantsi luya kuchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo indawo yemarike yeshishini. Ukukhula okuqhubekayo koqoqosho lwaseTshayina kunye nokuvela kwamathuba acwangcisiweyo okuguqula uqoqosho kudale iimeko zophuhliso ezingcono zophuhliso lweli shishini. ITshayina isuka kwilizwe lemveliso iye kwikhaya elinamandla lemveliso, kwaye iilaser kunye nezixhobo zelaser ezisezantsi zezinye zezona zitshixo zokuphucula ishishini lemveliso, elibonelela ngendawo efanelekileyo yemfuno yokuphuculwa kwexesha elide kweli shishini. Iimfuno zeshishini elisezantsi zesalathisi sokusebenza kweetships zelaser ze-semiconductor kunye nezixhobo zazo ziyanda, kwaye amashishini asekhaya angena kancinci kancinci kwimarike yelaser enamandla aphezulu esuka kwimarike yelaser enamandla aphantsi, ngoko ke eli shishini kufuneka liqhubeke nokwandisa utyalo-mali kwicandelo lophando lwetekhnoloji kunye nophuhliso kunye nokuvelisa izinto ezintsha ngokuzimeleyo.
2. imeko yophuhliso lweshishini le-laser ye-semiconductor
Iilaser ze-semiconductor zinowona mgangatho uphezulu wokuguqulwa kwamandla phakathi kwazo zonke iintlobo zeelaser, kwelinye icala, zingasetyenziswa njengomthombo ophambili wepompo yeelaser ze-optical fiber, iilaser ze-solid-state kunye nezinye iilaser ze-optical pump. Kwelinye icala, ngokuphumelela okuqhubekayo kweteknoloji yelaser ye-semiconductor ngokubhekiselele ekusebenzeni kakuhle kwamandla, ukukhanya, ubomi bonke, ubude bamaza amaninzi, izinga lokuguquguquka, njl. njl., iilaser ze-semiconductor zisetyenziswa kakhulu ekucutshungulweni kwezinto, kwezonyango, kunxibelelwano lwe-optical, ekubonweni kwe-optical, ekukhuseleni, njl. Ngokutsho kweLaser Focus World, ingeniso iyonke yehlabathi yeelaser ze-diode, oko kukuthi, iilaser ze-semiconductor kunye neelaser ezingezizo ii-diode, iqikelelwa ukuba yi-$18,480 yezigidi ngo-2021, kunye neelaser ze-semiconductor ezibalelwa kwi-43% yengeniso iyonke.
Ngokutsho kweLaser Focus World, imakethi yehlabathi yelaser ye-semiconductor iya kuba yi-$6,724 yezigidi ngo-2020, inyuke nge-14.20% ukusuka kunyaka ophelileyo. Ngophuhliso lobukrelekrele behlabathi, imfuno ekhulayo yeelaser kwizixhobo ezikrelekrele, izixhobo ze-elektroniki zabathengi, amandla amatsha kunye nezinye iindawo, kunye nokwandiswa okuqhubekayo kwezixhobo zonyango, zobuhle kunye nezinye izicelo ezintsha, iilaser ze-semiconductor zingasetyenziswa njengomthombo wepompo yeelaser ze-optical pump, kwaye ubungakanani bemakethi yayo buya kuqhubeka nokugcina ukukhula okuzinzileyo. Ubungakanani bemakethi yehlabathi yelaser ye-semiconductor ngo-2021 yi-$7.946 yeebhiliyoni, izinga lokukhula kwemakethi liyi-18.18%.
Ngemizamo edibeneyo yeengcali zobugcisa kunye namashishini kunye neengcali, ishishini le-laser ye-semiconductor laseTshayina lifikelele kuphuhliso olumangalisayo, kangangokuba ishishini le-laser ye-semiconductor laseTshayina liye lafumana le nkqubo ukususela ekuqaleni, kunye nokuqala komzekelo weshishini le-laser ye-semiconductor laseTshayina. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, iTshayina iye yandisa uphuhliso lweshishini le-laser, kwaye iindawo ezahlukeneyo ziye zanikezelwa kuphando lwesayensi, ukuphucula itekhnoloji, uphuhliso lwemarike kunye nokwakhiwa kweepaki zoshishino ze-laser phantsi kobunkokeli bukarhulumente kunye nentsebenziswano yamashishini e-laser.
3. Inkqubela phambili yophuhliso lweshishini le-laser laseTshayina kwixesha elizayo
Xa kuthelekiswa namazwe aphuhlileyo eYurophu nase-United States, iteknoloji ye-laser yaseTshayina ayilibazisi, kodwa ekusebenziseni iteknoloji ye-laser kunye neteknoloji ye-core ephezulu kusekho umsantsa omkhulu, ingakumbi i-upstream semiconductor laser chip kunye nezinye izinto ze-core zisaxhomekeke ekungenisweni kwamanye amazwe.
Amazwe aphuhlileyo amelwe yi-United States, iJamani kunye neJapan ngokusisiseko agqibezele ukutshintshwa kwetekhnoloji yemveli yokuvelisa kwiindawo ezithile ezinkulu zoshishino kwaye angene kwixesha "lokuvelisa ukukhanya"; nangona uphuhliso lwezicelo ze-laser eTshayina lukhawuleza, kodwa izinga lokungena kwesicelo lisaphantsi. Njengetekhnoloji ephambili yokuphucula imboni, ishishini le-laser liya kuqhubeka nokuba yindawo ephambili yenkxaso yesizwe, kwaye liqhubeke nokwandisa ububanzi besicelo, kwaye ekugqibeleni likhuthaze ishishini lokuvelisa laseTshayina ukuya kwixesha "lokuvelisa ukukhanya". Kwimeko yangoku yophuhliso, uphuhliso lweshishini le-laser laseTshayina lubonisa ezi ndlela zilandelayo zophuhliso.
(1) I-Semiconductor laser chip kunye nezinye izinto eziphambili ziyaqonda ukuba indawo iyasebenza kancinci kancinci.
Umzekelo, i-fiber laser inamandla aphezulu ngumthombo wepompo ye-fiber laser esetyenziswa kakhulu yi-semiconductor laser, i-high power semiconductor laser chip kunye ne-module yinxalenye ebalulekileyo ye-fiber laser. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, ishishini le-optical fiber laser laseTshayina likwinqanaba lokukhula ngokukhawuleza, kwaye izinga lokukhula kwendawo liyanda minyaka le.
Ngokuphathelele ukungena kwemarike, kwimarike ye-laser yefayibha enamandla aphantsi, isabelo semarike se-laser zasekhaya sifikelele kwi-99.01% ngo-2019; kwimarike ye-laser yefayibha enamandla aphakathi, izinga lokungena kwe-laser zasekhaya ligcinwe ngaphezulu kwe-50% kwiminyaka yakutshanje; inkqubo yokwenziwa kwendawo ye-laser yefayibha enamandla aphezulu nayo iyaqhubeka kancinci kancinci, ukusuka ngo-2013 ukuya ku-2019 ukuze ifezekise "ukusuka ekuqaleni". Inkqubo yokwenziwa kwendawo ye-laser yefayibha enamandla aphezulu nayo iyaqhubeka kancinci kancinci, ukusuka ngo-2013 ukuya ku-2019, kwaye ifikelele kwinqanaba lokungena le-55.56%, kwaye izinga lokungena kwe-laser yefayibha enamandla aphezulu kulindeleke ukuba libe yi-57.58% ngo-2020.
Nangona kunjalo, izinto eziphambili ezifana neetships ze-laser ze-semiconductor ezinamandla aphezulu zisaxhomekeke ekungenisweni kwamanye amazwe, kwaye izinto eziphezulu zeelaser ezineetships ze-laser ze-semiconductor njenge-core ziyakhiwa kancinci kancinci, nto leyo ephucula ubungakanani bemarike yezinto eziphezulu zeelaser zasekhaya, kwaye kwelinye icala, ngokwenziwa kwendawo kwezinto eziphambili, kunokuphucula amandla abavelisi be-laser basekhaya ukuba bathathe inxaxheba kukhuphiswano lwamazwe ngamazwe.
(2) Usetyenziso lwelaser lungena ngokukhawuleza nangokubanzi
Ngenxa yokwakheka kancinci kancinci kwezinto eziphambili ze-optoelectronic kunye nokwehla kancinci kancinci kweendleko zokusetyenziswa kwe-laser, ii-laser ziya kungena nzulu ngakumbi kumashishini amaninzi.
Kwelinye icala, eTshayina, ukucubungula nge-laser kukwangena kwiindawo ezilishumi eziphambili zokusetyenziswa kweshishini lokuvelisa laseTshayina, kwaye kulindeleke ukuba iindawo zokusetyenziswa kwe-laser ziya kwandiswe ngakumbi kwaye isikali semarike siya kwandiswe ngakumbi kwixesha elizayo. Kwelinye icala, ngokusasazwa okuqhubekayo kunye nophuhliso lwetekhnoloji efana nokuqhuba ngaphandle komqhubi, inkqubo yokuqhuba encediswayo ephucukileyo, irobhothi ejolise kwinkonzo, ukuqonda kwe-3D, njl.njl., iya kusetyenziswa ngakumbi kwiindawo ezininzi ezifana neemoto, ubukrelekrele bokwenziwa, izixhobo ze-elektroniki zabathengi, ukuqatshelwa kobuso, unxibelelwano lwe-optical kunye nophando lokhuselo lwesizwe. Njengesixhobo esiphambili okanye inxalenye yezicelo ze-laser ezingasentla, i-laser ye-semiconductor iya kufumana indawo yophuhliso olukhawulezayo.
(3) Amandla aphezulu, umgangatho ongcono wemitha, ubude obufutshane be-wavelength kunye nophuhliso olukhawulezayo lwesikhokelo se-frequency
Kwicandelo lee-laser zemizi-mveliso, ii-laser zefayibha zenze inkqubela phambili enkulu ngokubhekiselele kumandla okukhupha, umgangatho wemitha kunye nokukhanya ukusukela oko zaziswa. Nangona kunjalo, amandla aphezulu anokuphucula isantya sokucubungula, aphucule umgangatho wokucubungula, kwaye andise intsimi yokucubungula ukuya kwimveliso enzima kushishino, kwimveliso yeemoto, kwimveliso yeenqwelo-moya, kumandla, kwimveliso yoomatshini, kwi-metallurgy, ekwakheni uthutho lukaloliwe, kuphando lwesayensi nakwezinye iindawo zesicelo ekusikeni, ekudibaniseni, ekuphatheni umphezulu, njl.njl., iimfuno zamandla e-laser yefayibha ziyaqhubeka nokwanda. Abavelisi bezixhobo ezifanelekileyo kufuneka baqhubeke nokuphucula ukusebenza kwezixhobo eziphambili (ezifana ne-laser chip ye-semiconductor enamandla aphezulu kunye ne-gain fiber), ukonyuka kwamandla e-laser yefayibha kufuna iteknoloji yokuguqula i-laser ephucukileyo efana nokudibanisa imitha kunye nokuhlanganiswa kwamandla, okuya kuzisa iimfuno ezintsha kunye nemingeni kubavelisi bee-laser chip ze-semiconductor ezinamandla aphezulu. Ukongeza, ubude be-wavelengths obufutshane, ubude be-wavelengths ezingaphezulu, uphuhliso lwe-laser olukhawulezayo (olukhawulezayo) nalo lulwalathiso olubalulekileyo, olusetyenziswa kakhulu kwii-chips zesekethe ezidibeneyo, izibonisi, ii-electronics zabathengi, i-aerospace kunye nezinye ii-microprocessing ezichanekileyo, kunye nesayensi yobomi, ezonyango, ukuva kunye nezinye iindawo, i-laser chip ye-semiconductor ikwabeka phambili iimfuno ezintsha.
(4) imfuno yezixhobo ze-laser optoelectronic ezinamandla aphezulu yokukhula okuqhubekayo
Uphuhliso kunye nophuhliso lwemizi-mveliso ye-laser yefayibha enamandla aphezulu sisiphumo senkqubela phambili yentsebenziswano yekhonkco leshishini, elifuna inkxaso yezixhobo eziphambili ze-optoelectronic ezifana nomthombo wepompo, i-isolator, i-beam concentrator, njl. Izixhobo ze-optoelectronic ezisetyenziswa kwi-laser yefayibha enamandla aphezulu zisisiseko kunye nezinto eziphambili zophuhliso kunye nemveliso yayo, kwaye imakethi ekhulayo ye-laser yefayibha enamandla aphezulu ikwaqhuba imfuno yemarike yezixhobo eziphambili ezifana neetships ze-laser ze-semiconductor ezinamandla aphezulu. Kwangaxeshanye, ngokuphuculwa okuqhubekayo kwetekhnoloji ye-laser yefayibha yasekhaya, ukutshintshwa kwempahla kwamanye amazwe kuye kwaba ngumkhwa ongenakuphepheka, isabelo semarike ye-laser kwihlabathi siya kuqhubeka siphucuka, nto leyo ekwazisa amathuba amakhulu amandla asekuhlaleni abavelisi bezixhobo ze-optoelectronic.
Ixesha lokuthumela: Matshi-07-2023
