Izixhobo zeLaser
Izixhobo ze-laser zinokwahlulwahlulwa zibe ziindidi ezintathu: oomatshini bokumakisha nge-laser, oomatshini bokuwelda nge-laser, kunye noomatshini bokusika nge-laser. Oomatshini bokumakisha nge-laser baquka oomatshini bokumakisha nge-laser ye-semiconductor, oomatshini bokumakisha nge-laser ye-CO2, oomatshini bokumakisha nge-laser yefayibha, oomatshini bokumakisha nge-laser ye-ultraviolet, njl.njl.; okwangoku, oomatshini bokuwelda nge-laser baquka oomatshini bokuwelda nge-laser ye-YAG ngokuzenzekelayo kunye noomatshini bokuwelda nge-laser ye-fiber-optic transmission, njl.njl.; oomatshini bokusika nge-laser baquka oomatshini bokusika nge-laser ye-YAG kunye noomatshini bokusika nge-laser yefayibha, njl.njl.
Umxholo osisiseko
Kukho iintlobo ezininzi zeoomatshini bokumakisha nge-laserNgokweempawu ezahlukeneyo zeelaser, zingahlulwahlulwa zibe ziimatshini zokumakisha ilaser yefayibha, oomatshini bokumakisha ilaser yekhabhoni diokside, oomatshini bokumakisha ilaser ye-semiconductor, oomatshini bokumakisha ilaser ye-ultraviolet, kunye noomatshini bokumakisha ilaser eluhlaza. Phakathi kwazo, iilaser zefayibha, i-carbon diokside, i-semiconductor, kunye ne-ultraviolet zisetyenziselwa ukucubungula umphezulu weemveliso, ngelixa iilaser eziluhlaza zisetyenziselwa ukuphawula ingaphakathi leemveliso zeglasi kunye nekristale, ngoko ke iilaser eziluhlaza zikwabizwa ngokuba ziimatshini zokuqopha zangaphakathi. Iimveliso zazo zonke iintlobo (iintsimbi, imithi, izinto ezisekelwe emanzini, ezingatshiyo, kunye nezinto ezisekelwe emhlabeni) zinokucutshungulwa ngoomatshini bokumakisha ilaser!
Umatshini weLaser weYAG
I-LASER ye-YAG yi-laser ye-solid-state enobude obuyi-1.064um kwi-infrared band. Isebenzisa isibane se-krypton njengomthombo wamandla (umthombo wokuvuselela) kwaye i-ND:YAG (i-laser ye-Nd:YAG; i-Nd (neodymium) yinto enqabileyo yomhlaba, i-YAG imele i-yttrium aluminium garnet, enesakhiwo sekristale esifana nese-ruby) njengendlela yokuvelisa i-laser. Umthombo wokuvuselela ukhupha ukukhanya kwe-incident ye-wavelength ethile, nto leyo ebangela ukuba into esebenzayo ifikelele kwi-population inversion, ikhuphe i-laser ngokutshintsha kwenqanaba lamandla, ikhulise amandla e-laser, imise kwaye igxile kuyo ukuze yenze i-laser beam esebenzisekayo.
Umatshini weLaser weSemiconductor
Umatshini wokumakisha i-laser opompelwe nge-semiconductor usebenzisa i-semiconductor laser diode enobude be-0.808um (ecaleni okanye ephelweni) ukupompa i-Nd:YAG medium, ukuze i-medium ivelise inani elikhulu lamasuntswana aguqulweyo, enza i-giant pulse laser output enobude be-1.064um phantsi kwesenzo se-Q-switch, enokusebenza okuphezulu kokuguqulwa kwe-electro-optical. Xa kuthelekiswa nomatshini wokumakisha i-laser opompelwe nge-lamp YAG, umatshini wokumakisha i-laser opompelwe nge-semiconductor unezibonelelo zokuzinza okungcono, ukonga amandla, akukho mfuneko yokutshintsha izibane, njl.njl., kodwa ixabiso liphezulu kakhulu.
Umatshini wokuMakisha weFiber Laser
Iquka ikakhulu iindawo ezintathu: i-laser, i-galvanometer scanner, kunye nekhadi lokuphawula. Ngumatshini wokuphawula osebenzisa i-fiber laser ukuvelisa i-laser. Unomgangatho olungileyo we-beam, kunye ne-output center ye-1064nm, kwaye ubomi benkonzo yomatshini wonke bumalunga neeyure eziyi-100,000, nto leyo ende kunezinye iintlobo zoomatshini bokuphawula i-laser. Ukusebenza kakuhle kokuguqulwa kwe-electro-optical kungaphezulu kwe-28%, okunenzuzo enkulu xa kuthelekiswa nokusebenza kakuhle kokuguqulwa kwe-2%-10% kwezinye iintlobo zoomatshini bokuphawula i-laser, kwaye kusebenza kakuhle kakhulu ekugcineni amandla kunye nokukhusela okusingqongileyo.
Umatshini wokuMakisha we-CO2 Laser
I-laser ye-CO2 yilaser yegesi enobude bomda obuyi-10.64um kwi-far-infrared band. Isebenzisa igesi ye-CO2 ezaliswe kwityhubhu yokukhupha njengento yokuvelisa i-laser. Xa kusetyenziswa i-voltage ephezulu kwi-electrodes, kuveliswa i-glow discharge tube, nto leyo enokwenza iimolekyuli zegesi zikhuphe i-laser. Emva kokwandisa amandla e-laser, kuyenziwa umqadi we-laser wokucubungula izinto.
Umatshini wokuMakisha weLaser ye-Ultraviolet
Umatshini wokumakisha i-ultraviolet laser uxhotyiswe nge-ultraviolet laser enzulu, inkqubo ye-galvanometer yokuskena engeniswa ngaphandle ngesantya esiphezulu, njl.njl.; ngenxa yendawo encinci kakhulu egxile kumatshini wokumakisha i-ultraviolet laser kunye nendawo engachaphazeleki bubushushu ngexesha lokucubungula, umatshini wokumakisha i-ultraviolet laser unokwenza uphawu olucolekileyo kakhulu kunye nophawu lwezinto ezikhethekileyo. Ngumveliso okhethwayo kubathengi abaneemfuno eziphezulu kwisiphumo sokumakisha. Umatshini wokumakisha i-ultraviolet laser uneempawu zesantya esiphezulu sokuguqulwa kwe-electro-optical, ubomi benkonzo ende yekristale engeyomgca, ukusebenza okuzinzileyo komatshini wonke, ukuchaneka okuphezulu kokubeka, ukusebenza kakuhle komsebenzi, kunye noyilo lwemodyuli ukuze kube lula ukufakwa nokugcinwa. Ukongeza, ibhentshi yokusebenza ezenzekelayo enamacala amabini inokuxhotyiswa ngokuzikhethela ukwenza uphawu oluqhubekayo lwezikhululo ezininzi okanye uphawu olukhulu.
Umatshini wokuMakisha weYttrium Aluminium Garnet
Le medium isebenzayo iqinile, kwaye i-laser ikhupha amaza okukhanya angama-1060nm kufutshane nommandla we-infrared. Ineentlobo ezimbini:uhlobo oluqhubekayo kunye nohlobo lwepeni ekhanyayoNgokutshintsha amandla okukhupha, imisebe yelaser yamandla ahlukeneyo inokufumaneka. Iinkqubo zokumakisha ziquka indlela yokucola (uphawu olumnyama), indlela yokufutha (uphawu olukhanyayo) kunye nendlela yokutsalwa (uphawu oluqingqiweyo), enomgangatho ogqwesileyo wokumakisha.
Umatshini wokumakisha we-Excimer
Ingakhupha amaza okukhanya kuluhlu lwe-ultraviolet (100 ~ 400nm), kwaye le medium isebenzayo yenziwe ngomxube we-helium, i-argon, i-krypton, iigesi ze-neon kunye nee-halogens ezifana ne-chlorine, i-fluorine, i-bromine, kunye ne-iodine.
Umatshini wokuMakisha weLaser oluhlaza
Umatshini wokumakisha i-laser eluhlaza usebenzisa ukupompa ecaleni, okwahlukileyo kumatshini wokumakisha i-laser opheliswe yi-semiconductor kwaye unezibonelelo ezicacileyo: imveliso ye-laser eluhlaza eyi-532nm, ububanzi obuncinci bebala eligxile, amandla aqokelelweyo ngakumbi, ukusebenza kakuhle kokuguqulwa kwe-electro-optical, kunye nomgangatho olungileyo wemitha. Lo matshini uphela ukhuselekile kwaye ulawula ngokulula ukumakisha, usebenzisa ulawulo lwenkqubo ye-PLC ukuze kufezekiswe uqalo olunesitshixo esinye. Izixhobo zifanelekile ngakumbi ekukrolweni komphezulu kweemveliso zeglasi, ezifana nezikrini zefowuni eziphathwayo, izikrini ze-LCD, izixhobo zokukhanya (ezifana neelensi zokukhanya), iglasi yemoto, njl. Kwangaxeshanye, inokusetyenziswa ekucutshungulweni komphezulu kwezinto ezininzi zesinyithi nezingezizo zesinyithi okanye ekucutshungulweni kweefilimu zokugquma, ezifana nehardware, i-ceramics, iiglasi kunye newotshi, iPC, izixhobo ze-elektroniki, izixhobo ezahlukeneyo, iibhodi ze-PCB kunye neepaneli zolawulo, ii-nameplates kunye neebhodi zokubonisa, iiplastiki, njl. Isebenza ngexabiso eliphezulu kakhulu xa kuthelekiswa neemveliso ezifanayo. Ixabiso layo libiza kakhulu.
Ukusikwa kwelaser kukuba umqadi welaser othe tye okhutshwa yilaser uguqulwa ube ngumqadi welaser othe nkqo osezantsi ngesibuko sokubonakalisa esingama-45°, uze ujoliswe yilensi, uze udibane ube yindawo encinci kakhulu kwindawo yokugxila. Uxinano lwamandla elaser olujoliswe kwindawo luphezulu njenge-10^6~10^9W/cm^2. Indawo yokusebenzela kwindawo yayo yokugxila ikhanyiselwa yindawo yelaser enoxinano lwamandla aphezulu, oluya kuvelisa ubushushu obuphezulu bendawo obungaphezulu kwe-10000°C, okwenza indawo yokusebenzela ibe ngumphunga ngoko nangoko. Emva koko, isinyithi esinomphunga sitshatyalaliswa ngegesi yokusika encedisayo, ukuze sinqumle indawo yokusebenzela ibe ngumngxunya omncinci kakhulu. Ngokuhamba kwesixhobo somatshini se-CNC, imingxunya emininzi emincinci iqhagamshelwe ukwenza imo oyifunayo. Ngenxa yesantya esiphezulu sokusika kwelaser, uqhagamshelo lomngxunya ngamnye omncinci lugudile kakhulu, kwaye iimveliso ezisikiweyo zinokugqitywa okuphezulu.
Ukuwelda nge-laser kusebenzisa ii-laser pulses ezinamandla aphezulu ukufudumeza izinto kwindawo encinci. Amandla emitha ye-laser ayasasazeka ngaphakathi kwezinto ngokuqhuba ubushushu, anyibilikise izinto ukuze zenze ichibi elithile elinyibilikisiweyo. Luhlobo olutsha lwendlela yokuwelda, ikakhulu yokwelda izinto ezixineneyo kunye neendawo ezichanekileyo. Inokwenza ukuwelda kwamabala, ukuwelda kwe-butt, ukuwelda kwe-lap, ukuwelda kwe-seal, njl.njl., ngomlinganiselo ophezulu wobunzulu ukuya kububanzi, ububanzi obuncinci bokuwelda, indawo encinci echaphazeleka bubushushu, ukuguqulwa okuncinci, isantya sokwelda esikhawulezayo, umthungo we-weld othe tyaba nomhle, akukho mfuneko yonyango emva kokuwelda okanye unyango olulula kuphela, umgangatho ophezulu wokuwelda, akukho mingxunya, ulawulo oluchanekileyo, indawo encinci yokukhanya egxile, ukuchaneka okuphezulu kokubeka, kunye nokufezekiswa lula kokuzenzekelayo.
Ukugcinwa kwezixhobo zelaser
1. Coca iilensi, uqondise iireli kwaye ucoce inkunkuma ebhentshini yokusebenzela yonke imihla; Indlela yokucoca iilensi: Xa ucoca iilensi, kufuneka usebenzise i-anhydrous ethanol okanye i-98% yotywala njengolwelo lokucoca. Nciphisa inani elincinci lomqhaphu ofunxayo kwi-alcohol, usule iilensi kancinci kwicala elimiselweyo, uze ekugqibeleni usule iilensi kancinci ngekotoni eyomileyo ukuze wenze iilensi zikhanye kwaye zibonakale; (Qaphela: Ukusula kakhulu kunokususa uqweqwe olukwiilensi, nto leyo ebangela umonakalo kwiilensi)
Indlela yokucoca iireli zesikhokelo: Okokuqala susa amabala kwaye ulungise inkunkuma kwiireli zesikhokelo, uze wongeze ioyile yokuthambisa ecocekileyo kwireli zesikhokelo, uze uhambise iireli zesikhokelo ukuze wenze ioyile yokuthambisa ecocekileyo isasazwe ngokulinganayo kwiireli zesikhokelo. (Qaphela: Musa ukusebenzisa ioyile yokuthambisa etyebileyo (igrisi), ekulula ukubangela ukuba inkunkuma yokucubungula kunye nothuli lunamathele kwiireli zesikhokelo, nto leyo ekhokelela ekugugeni nasekuwohlokeni kwezilayidi kunye neereli zesikhokelo);
Indlela yokucoca ibhentshi yokusebenzela: Ibhentshi yokusebenzela ibandakanya i-zinc-iron alloy, i-honeycomb, i-crawler, i-knife strip kunye nezinye iibhentshi zokusebenzela. Okokuqala, coca inkunkuma ecociweyo kwibhentshi yokusebenzela. Kwibhentshi yokusebenzela ye-crawler, kuyimfuneko ukongeza ioyile encinci ecocekileyo yokulwa nomhlwa kwi-crawler rhoqo emva kweenyanga ezintandathu ukuze kulungiswe umhlwa; ezinye iibhentshi zokusebenzela aziyidingi. (Qaphela: Ibhentshi yokusebenzela ayinakucocwa ngamanzi, nto leyo elula ukubangela ukuba ibhentshi yokusebenzela ibe nomhlwa kwaye ikhawulezise ukubola kwebhentshi yokusebenzela.)
2. Coca rhoqo ifeni yokukhupha umoya kunye nombhobho wokukhupha umoya ukuze zihlale zicocekile;
Indlela yokucoca ifeni yokukhupha umoya kunye nombhobho wokukhupha umoya: Xa umsi nothuli zikhulu ngexesha lokucubungula, kuyimfuneko ukucoca ifeni. Vula isigqubuthelo sangaphandle sefeni, ukhuhle uthuli kwiiblade zefeni kunye nemijelo yomoya ngetshiphusi encinci yokhuni, uze uvuthele uthuli ngesibhamu somoya esinoxinzelelo oluphezulu. Indlela yokucoca umbhobho wokukhupha umoya iyafana naleyo yefeni yokukhupha umoya.
(Qaphela: Akukho manzi anokungena kumbhobho wokukhupha umoya kwaye akanakwandiswa aye kwiindawo ezifumileyo, ezifana nemijelo yamanzi amdaka.)
3. Coca rhoqo iiphiko zokupholisa zetanki yamanzi;
Indlela yokucoca amaphiko okupholisa: Eyona njongo iphambili yamaphiko okupholisa kukususa ubushushu bokujikeleza kwamanzi kwityhubhu yelaser. Ukuchithwa kobushushu okungalunganga kuchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo amandla okukhupha ilaser, ngoko ke ukucocwa kwamaphiko okupholisa kubaluleke kakhulu.
Okokuqala, susa uthuli kwiimpiko zokupholisa ngebrashi, uze usebenzise umpu womoya oxinzelelweyo ophezulu ukuvuthela umoya ungene kwindawo yokungena amanzi ukuze ucoce igesi, ekugqibeleni galela ulwelo lokucoca iimpiko zokupholisa umoya kwimpiko zokupholisa ukuze zicoceke, uhlambe ngamanzi uze womise ngaphambi kokuba uyisebenzise.
4. Inxalenye yothumelo loomatshini kwizixhobo kufuneka itshizwe ioyile kanye ngenyanga;
Imithetho yokugcinwa kwenxalenye yothumelo lwezixhobo: Inxalenye yothumelo lwezixhobo iquka amavili ahambelanayo, iibheringi, amavili abonakalayo, iintonga ze-optical, njl. Inxalenye ephambili yokuoyila ziibheringi. Amavili ahambelanayo, amavili abonakalayo, kunye neentonga ze-optical kufuneka zingagqwali, kwaye iibheringi zoqhagamshelo kufuneka zongezwe ngeoyile yokuthambisa ecocekileyo kanye ngenyanga.
5. Amanzi ajikelezayo kufuneka atshintshwe kube kanye ngeveki;
Imithetho yolondolozo lwamanzi ajikelezayo: Umsebenzi ophambili wamanzi ajikelezayo kukukhupha ubushushu kwityhubhu yelaser, nto leyo echaphazela ngokuthe ngqo amandla kunye nobomi benkonzo yetyhubhu yelaser. Amanzi ajikelezayo kufuneka abe ngamanzi acocekileyo, ukuze loo milinganiselo ingabi lula ukuyilwa eludongeni lwangaphakathi lwetyhubhu yelaser. Xa amanzi eba maxongo, amanzi ajikelezayo kufuneka atshintshwe. Umthamo wokufakwa kwamanzi ungcono kakhulu kwi-2/3 yetanki yamanzi, kwaye amanzi kufuneka ongezwe ukuba angaphantsi kwe-1/3, kungenjalo ityhubhu yelaser inokuqhuma.
6. Kwizixhobo ezintsha ze-laser, amandla okukhupha i-laser kufuneka alawulwe ngaphantsi kwe-80%;
7. Ukuze wandise ubomi benkonzo yetyhubhu yelaser, kucetyiswa ukuba uphumle malunga nemizuzu eli-10 emva komsebenzi oqhubekayo iiyure ezi-5 ngaphambi kokuba uphinde usebenze.
8. Ukugcinwa kwetyhubhu yelaser: Kwizixhobo ezintsha zelaser, amandla okukhupha ilaser kufuneka alawulwe ngaphantsi kwe-80%, ikakhulu kuba igesi ekwityhubhu entsha yelaser igcwele, kwaye ukusebenzisa ukucubungula amandla aphezulu kulula ukubangela ukusetyenziswa kwegesi ngokukhawuleza kwaye kunciphise ubomi benkonzo yetyhubhu yelaser. Isizathu esiphambili sokuphumla malunga nemizuzu eli-10 emva komsebenzi oqhubekayo iiyure ezi-5 kukuba umsebenzi wetyhubhu yelaser ixesha elide uya kubangela ukuba ubushushu betyhubhu yelaser bunyuke, okubangela amandla angazinzile nabuthathaka.
Ixesha leposi: Februwari-27-2026
