Ukusebenzisana phakathi kwe-laser nezinto kubandakanya izinto ezininzi ezibonakalayo kunye neempawu. Amanqaku amathathu alandelayo aza kwazisa izinto ezintathu ezibalulekileyo ezibonakalayo ezinxulumene nenkqubo yokuwelda nge-laser ukuze kunikwe osebenza nabo ulwazi olucacileyo malungainkqubo yokuwelda nge-laser: yahlulwe ngokwezinga lokufunxwa kwelaser kunye notshintsho kwimeko, iplasma kunye nesiphumo se-keyhole. Ngeli xesha, siza kuhlaziya ubudlelwane phakathi kotshintsho kwimeko yelaser kunye nezixhobo kunye nezinga lokufunxwa.
Utshintsho kwimeko yezinto ezibangelwa kukusebenzisana phakathi kwe-laser kunye nezinto
Ukulungiswa kwezinto zesinyithi nge-laser kusekelwe kakhulu ekusetyenzisweni kobushushu beziphumo ze-photothermal. Xa i-laser irradiation isetyenziswa kumphezulu wezinto, utshintsho olwahlukeneyo luya kwenzeka kumphezulu wezinto nge-power densities ezahlukeneyo. Olu tshintsho luquka ukunyuka kobushushu bomphezulu, ukunyibilika, ukufuma, ukwakheka kwe-keyhole, kunye nokuveliswa kwe-plasma. Ngaphezu koko, utshintsho kwimo yomzimba yendawo yomphezulu wezinto luchaphazela kakhulu ukufunxwa kwe-laser yezixhobo. Ngokunyuka koxinano lwamandla kunye nexesha lokusebenza, izinto zesinyithi ziya kudlula kutshintsho olulandelayo kwimo:
Xaamandla elezauxinano luphantsi (<10 ^ 4w/cm ^ 2) kwaye ixesha lokukhanyiswa lifutshane, amandla e-laser afunxwa yintsimbi anokubangela kuphela ukuba ubushushu bezinto bunyuke ukusuka kumphezulu buye ngaphakathi, kodwa isigaba esiqinileyo asitshintshi. Sisetyenziswa kakhulu kunyango lokuqinisa inxalenye kunye nokuguqulwa kwesigaba, kunye nezixhobo, iigiya, kunye neebheringi zibe zezona zininzi;
Njengoko ukwanda koxinano lwamandla e-laser (10 ^ 4-10 ^ 6w/cm ^ 2) kunye nokwandiswa kwexesha lokukhanyiswa, umphezulu wezinto uyanyibilika kancinci kancinci. Njengoko amandla okufaka enyuka, ujongano oluqinileyo nolwelo luyahamba kancinci kancinci luye kwicala elinzulu lezinto. Le nkqubo yomzimba isetyenziselwa kakhulu ukunyibilikisa umphezulu, ukuxuba, ukugquma, kunye nokuwelda kwesinyithi ngobushushu.
Ngokwandisa ngakumbi uxinano lwamandla (>10 ^ 6w/cm ^ 2) kunye nokwandisa ixesha lokusebenza kwelaser, umphezulu wezinto awunyibiliki nje kuphela kodwa uyanyibilika, kwaye izinto eziphekwe ngomphunga ziqokelelana kufutshane nomphezulu wezinto kwaye zinyibilike kancinci ukuze zenze iplasma. Le plasma incinci inceda izinto ukuba zifunxe ilaser; Phantsi koxinzelelo lokufuma kunye nokwandiswa, umphezulu wolwelo uyaguquka kwaye wenze imingxunya. Eli nqanaba lingasetyenziselwa ukuwelda ngelaser, ngokuqhelekileyo kwi-splicing thermal conductivity welding ye-micro connections ngaphakathi kwe-0.5mm.
Ngokwandisa ngakumbi uxinano lwamandla (>10 ^ 7w/cm ^ 2) nokwandisa ixesha lokukhanyiswa, umphezulu wezinto udlula kwi-vaporization enamandla, okwenza i-plasma enezinga eliphezulu le-ionization. Le plasma ixineneyo inefuthe lokukhusela kwi-laser, inciphisa kakhulu uxinano lwamandla esiganeko se-laser kwisixhobo. Kwangaxeshanye, phantsi kwamandla amakhulu okusabela komphunga, imingxunya emincinci, eyaziwa ngokuba yi-keyholes, yenziwa ngaphakathi kwesinyithi esinyibilikisiweyo. Ubukho be-keyholes buluncedo kwisixhobo ukufunxa i-laser, kwaye eli nqanaba lingasetyenziselwa ukuwelda i-laser deep fusion, ukusika kunye nokubhola, ukuqina kwempembelelo, njl.
Phantsi kweemeko ezahlukeneyo, ubude bamaza obahlukeneyo bokukhanya kwelaser kwizinto ezahlukeneyo zesinyithi kuya kubangela amaxabiso athile oxinano lwamandla kwinqanaba ngalinye.
Ngokuphathelele ukufunxwa kwelaser zizinto, ukufunxwa kwezinto ngumda. Xa izinto zingaphunxwa, nokuba zikwisigaba esiqinileyo okanye esilulwelo, ukufunxwa kwayo kwelaser kutshintsha kancinci kuphela ngokunyuka kobushushu bomphezulu; Nje ukuba izinto zibe ngumphunga kwaye zenze iplasma kunye neengxingo, ukufunxwa kwelaser kwezinto kuya kutshintsha ngequbuliso.
Njengoko kubonisiwe kuMfanekiso 2, izinga lokufunxwa kwelaser kumphezulu wezinto ngexesha lokuwelda ngelaser liyahluka ngokwengxinano yamandla elaser kunye nobushushu bomphezulu wezinto. Xa izinto zinganyibiliki, izinga lokufunxwa kwezinto kwilaser liyanda kancinci ngokunyuka kobushushu bomphezulu wezinto. Xa uxinano lwamandla lungaphezulu kune (10 ^ 6w/cm ^ 2), izinto ziyajika zibe ngumphunga ngamandla, zenze umngxuma wesitshixo. Ilaser ingena kumngxuma wesitshixo ukuze ibonakalise kwaye ifunxe ngeendlela ezininzi, nto leyo ebangela ukwanda okukhulu kwenqanaba lokufunxwa kwezinto kwilaser kunye nokwanda okukhulu kobunzulu bokunyibilika.
Ukufunxwa kweLaser zizinto zesinyithi – Ubude beWavelength
Lo mfanekiso ungentla ubonisa ulwalamano oluphakathi kokukhanya, ukufunxa, kunye nobude bemitha yeentsimbi ezisetyenziswa rhoqo kubushushu begumbi. Kwindawo ye-infrared, izinga lokufunxa liyancipha kwaye ukukhanya kuyanda ngokunyuka kobude bemitha. Uninzi lweentsimbi lubonisa ukukhanya kwe-infrared okunamandla kwe-10.6um (CO2) wavelength ngelixa kubonakalisa ukukhanya kwe-infrared okubuthathaka kwe-1.06um (1060nm). Izixhobo zesinyithi zinamazinga aphezulu okufunxa kwiilaser ezimfutshane zobude bemitha, ezifana nokukhanya okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nokuluhlaza.
Ukufunxwa kweLaser zizinto zesinyithi – Ubushushu bezinto kunye nobuninzi bamandla eLaser
Xa sithatha i-aluminium alloy njengomzekelo, xa izinto ziqinile, izinga lokufunxwa kwelaser limalunga ne-5-7%, izinga lokufunxwa kolwelo lifikelela kwi-25-35%, kwaye linokufikelela ngaphezulu kwe-90% kwimeko ye-keyhole.
Izinga lokufunxwa kwezinto kwi-laser liyanda xa ubushushu busanda. Izinga lokufunxwa kwezinto zesinyithi kubushushu begumbi liphantsi kakhulu. Xa ubushushu bunyuka bufikelela kufutshane nendawo yokunyibilika, izinga lokufunxwa kwazo linokufikelela kwi-40% ~ 60%. Ukuba ubushushu busondele kwinqanaba lokubila, izinga lokufunxwa kwazo linokufikelela kwi-90%.
Ukufunxwa kweLaser zizinto zesinyithi – Imeko yoMphezulu
Izinga lokufunxa eliqhelekileyo lilinganiswa kusetyenziswa umphezulu wesinyithi ogudileyo, kodwa kwiindlela ezisebenzayo zokufudumeza nge-laser, kudla ngokuba yimfuneko ukwandisa izinga lokufunxa kwezinto ezithile ezibonisa ukukhanya okuphezulu (i-aluminium, ubhedu) ukuze kuthintelwe ukunyibilika okungamanga okubangelwa kukukhanya okuphezulu;
Ezi ndlela zilandelayo zingasetyenziswa:
1. Ukwamkela iinkqubo ezifanelekileyo zokulungisa umphezulu ukuze kuphuculwe ukubonakaliswa kwe-laser: i-prototype oxidation, i-sandblasting, i-laser cleaning, i-nickel plating, i-tin plating, i-graphite coating, njl. konke oku kunokuphucula izinga lokufunxwa kwe-laser yezixhobo;
Eyona nto iphambili kukwandisa uburhabaxa bomphezulu wezinto (okunceda ukubonakalisa kunye nokufunxwa kwe-laser ezininzi), kunye nokwandisa izinto zokugquma ngesantya esiphezulu sokufunxwa. Ngokufunxa amandla e-laser kunye nokunyibilikisa kunye nokuwenza ube buthathaka ngokusebenzisa izixhobo ezikhawulezayo zokufunxwa, ubushushu be-laser budluliselwa kwizinto ezisisiseko ukuphucula isantya sokufunxwa kwezinto kunye nokunciphisa ukuwelda okubonakalayo okubangelwa yinto ebonakalayo.
Ixesha lokuthumela: Novemba-23-2023
