I-Encyclopedia of Welding Knowledge: Ingxoxo emfutshane malunga noHlelo
kunye neenkqubo zokuWelda zeLaser Welding
Kwimveliso yemizi-mveliso, ukuwelda nge-laser kudala kusetyenziswa kwicandelo leenqwelo-moya,ukuwelda okuchanekileyo kakhulu, kunye nokuwelda kwezinto ezikhethekileyo. Ngophuhliso lweshishini kunye nophuhliso lwetekhnoloji, ukuwelda nge-laser ngoku kusetyenziswa ngakumbi ekuweldanisweni kwezinto eziqhelekileyo. Namhlanje, siza kuxoxa ngokuhlelwa kokuwelda nge-laser. Ukuwelda nge-laser yindlela yokuwelda esebenzayo nechanekileyo esebenzisa umqadi we-laser oxineneyo njengomthombo wobushushu ukudibanisa izinto kunye. Ineenzuzo ezininzi, ezinje ngesantya sokuwelda esikhawulezayo, ukuguquguquka okuncinci, iimfuno eziphantsi kwimeko-bume yokuwelda, uxinano lwamandla aphezulu, akukho mpembelelo evela kumandla emagnethi, akukho mda kwizinto eziqhubayo, akukho mfuneko yeemeko zokusebenza nge-vacuum, kwaye akukho mveliso ye-X-ray ngexesha lenkqubo yokuwelda.
Ukuwelda nge-laser kunokwahlulwa ngokweembono ezahlukeneyo:
- Uhlu ngokwendlela yamandla okukhupha i-laser:
- Ukuwelda nge-laser okuqhubekayo: Ukuwelda okuqhubekayo nokungaphazanyiswayo kwakheka ngexesha lenkqubo yokuwelda.
- Ukuwelda nge-laser etyhalwayo: Ekubeni igalelo lamandla kumphezulu wenxalenye edibeneyo lihlala lihleli, indawo nganye yokukhanya eshukumayo isebenza kumphezulu wento yokusebenza edibeneyo ukuze yenze indawo ejikelezayo yokutywina. Iimo ezahlukeneyo zokutywina zinokufunyanwa ngokweeparamitha ezahlukeneyo zelaser.
- Uhlulo ngokwe-power density ye-focused laser spot:
- Ukuwelda kokuqhuba ubushushu nge-laser: Ubuninzi bamandla buphantsi kakhulu, ngokubanzi bungaphantsi kwe-10⁵ W/cm². I-laser idlulisela amandla kumphezulu wesixhobo esiwelding, ifudumeza umphezulu wesinyithi ukuya kubushushu obuphakathi kwendawo yokunyibilika kunye nendawo yokubila. Ubushushu budluliselwa ngaphakathi kwesinyithi ngokusebenzisa ukuqhubela ubushushu ukuze kwenziwe i-weld, efana ne-tungsten inert.ukuwelda ngegesi (TIG).
- Ukuwelda okunzulu kokungena nge-laser (ukuwelda kwimingxuma yesitshixo): Xa uxinano lwamandla e-laser olusebenza kumphezulu wesinyithi lungaphezulu kwe-10⁵ W/cm², umqadi we-laser onamandla aphezulu usebenza kumphezulu wezinto zesinyithi, nto leyo ebangela ukunyibilika kwendawo kwaye kwenze "umngxuma wesitshixo". Umqadi we-laser ungena ngaphakathi kwidama elinyibilikisiweyo nge "mingxuma yesitshixo" ukuze wenze i-weld.
- Uhlu ngokwendlela yokulawula:
- Umatshini wokuwelda we-laser osetyenziswa ngesandla
- Umatshini wokuwelda we-laser ozenzekelayo
- Umatshini wokuwelda we-laser weGalvo
- Uhlu ngokohlobo lwelaser:
- Umatshini wokuwelda we-laser we-YAG
- Umatshini wokuwelda we-laser we-semiconductor
- Umatshini wokuwelda we-fiber laser
1. Ukuwelda ngeLaser ebhabhayo
Ukuwelda nge-laser ebhabhayo kudibanisa iingenelo zokuwelda okukude, ii-galvanometers, kunye nee-manipulators, kwaye kuxhotyiswe ngesoftware yobungcali yokucubungula imizobo ukuze kufezekiswe ukuwelda okukhawulezileyo okuhamba ngeendlela ezininzi kwindawo enemilinganiselo emithathu.
Izicelo eziphambili:
Isetyenziswa kwiimveliso ezifana neemoto, izihlalo, kunye nezixhobo zemoto eziqhelekileyo. Ngokuphathelele izinto, ingasetyenziselwa izinto ezahlukeneyo eziqhelekileyo ezifana neepleyiti zentsimbi, iipleyiti eziqengqelekayo ezibandayo, kunye nee-aluminium alloys, kunye nezinto ezidityanisiweyo kunye nezinto ze-alloy ezifana nee-magnesium-aluminium alloys.
★ Iingenelo:
- Iyahambelana nayo nayiphi na indlela yokuwelda
- Ifanelekile nakweyiphi na indlela yokuwelda
- Ukusasazwa kwe-weld/indawo echazwe ngumsebenzisi
- Ukusasazwa koxinzelelo okwenziwe kakuhle
- Iyakwazi ukuwelda ngesantya esiphezulu, ukuwelda ngomthungo, ukuwelda ngamathanga, ukuwelda ngamathanga, ukuwelda ngemicu, kunye nokuwelda okungaphezulu
- Ukuvumelanisa ngexesha langempela phakathi kwentloko yokwelda kunye nerobhothi ukukhawulezisa inkqubo yokwelda nge-laser
- Imfuneko yendawo encinci yomgangatho
- Iindleko eziphantsi zolondolozo kunye nezothutho
2. Ukuwelda ngeLaser ejikelezayo
Yindlela yokuwelda nge-laser ene-double-wedge laser oscillation, eyenziwa ngokuxhobisa imodyuli ekhethekileyo yokugungqa entlokweni yokuwelda. Oku kwenza indawo yokukhanya egxile kuyo yenze i-spiral weld ngelixa intloko yokuwelda ishukuma.
Izicelo eziphambili:
Ukuwelda kweehinge, izitshintshi zobushushu, izitshintshi zobushushu beetyhubhu, ukuwelda kweetyhubhu ezixineneyo kushishino lwepetroleum negesi yendalo, ukuwelda kweeflange, kunye nokuwelda kwe-aluminium alloy, njl.
★ Iingenelo:
- Ukuwelda okubanzi
- Ukuphinda-phinda okuphezulu kakhulu/ukuzinza kwenkqubo
- Ukwenziwa kwe-weld okungcono
- Ukulungiswa okulula emva kokulungiswa kunye nomphezulu ogudileyo wesixhobo somsebenzi esitshisiweyo
- Ubuchule obuhle kakhulu bokuwelda i-aluminium alloy
3. Ukugquma ngeLaser
Ukugquma nge-laser kubhekisa kwindlela esebenzisa isinyithi esizalisa nge-filler point engaphantsi kuneyesinyithi esisisiseko. Isinyithi esizalisa nge-brazing sitshiswa kubushushu obuphezulu kune-melting point yayo kodwa siphantsi kune-melting temperature yesinyithi esisisiseko. Isinyithi esizalisa nge-brazing brazing simanzisa isinyithi esisisiseko, sizalise umsantsa odibeneyo, kwaye sisasazeke ngesinyithi esisisiseko ukuze sifezekise unxibelelwano lweendawo ezidityanisiweyo.
Izicelo eziphambili:
Ukuwelda izakhiwo zesakhelo somzimba se-aluminium, ezifana nokudibanisa uphahla nodonga olusecaleni, kunye neengcango.
★ Iingenelo:
- Inciphisa iziphene ze-laser welding ecocekileyo, ezifana neembobo, imifantu, kunye nezikhewu zokufakela iimveliso ezininzi
- Iphucula amandla okuwelda kwaye ifumana i-weld bead efanelekileyo
- Yintsimbi yokuzalisa ibrazing kuphela enyibilikayo ngexesha lokuzalisa, ngelixa intsimbi esisiseko inganyibiliki.
- Ukuguquguquka okuncinci kwamalungu aqinileyo, inkangeleko egudileyo neyobuhle, efanelekileyo ekuchanekeni kokuwelda, izinto ezintsonkothileyo ezenziwe ngezinto ezahlukeneyo
- Indawo encinci echaphazeleka bubushushu kunye namandla aphezulu okucinezelwa
4. Ukuwelda Okuzaliswe Ngocingo Lwelaser
Ukuwelda okuzaliswa ngocingo lwelaser yindlela esebenzisa isinyithi esizalisa izinto esinezinto ezifanayo okanye ezifanayo nesinyithi esisisiseko. Isinyithi esisisiseko kunye nesinyithi esizalisa izinto ezirhabaxa ziyanyibilika zize ziqine ukuze zenze i-weld.
Izicelo eziphambili:
Ukuwelda umzimba wonke kwiindawo zesakhiwo sezithuthi kunye neendawo zeemoto.
★ Iingenelo:
- Inciphisa iziphene ze-laser welding ecocekileyo, ezifana neembobo kunye nemifantu
- Iphucula izinga lokufaneleka kweemveliso ezidityanisiweyo kwaye ivumela izithuba ezinkulu kancinci phakathi kweemveliso ezidityanisiweyo
- Isinyithi esisisiseko siyanyibilika ngexesha lokudityaniswa, kwaye amandla okudityaniswa aphezulu kunalawo esinyithi esisisiseko.
5. Ukugquma okujikelezayo
Idibanisa imisebenzi yokulandelela imiqadi kunye neyokulandelela i-weld kwizixhobo ezifanayo nge-ALO3. Intambo yokuzalisa ingasetyenziswa njenge-mechanical sensor.
Izicelo eziphambili:
Ukugquma nge-laser kwimizimba emhlophe, kuquka ukugquma nge-laser kwezigqubuthelo zophahla kunye nezivalo zesiqu, kunye nokugquma iindawo zemoto. Ukuguquguquka kweendawo kunye neempazamo zezinto ezisetyenziswayo kudla ngokunyusa ubunzima bokugquma nge-laser kakhulu, nto leyo ekhokelela ekulungiseni ingxaki enzima kakhulu kwinkqubo yokugquma nge-laser. Nangona kunjalo, ukugquma nge-oscillating kunokulungisa ngokufanelekileyo indlela yayo yokugquma. Ngemisebenzi yokulandelela i-weld kunye nokuhlawula ubude be-focal obuzenzekelayo, ivumela ukuba umqadi we-laser ukhokelwe kwaye ugxile ngokulula, ufezekise utshintsho lwendlela, une-automation ephezulu, isantya sokugquma nge-welding esikhawulezayo, kunye nokusebenza kakuhle, ngaloo ndlela igcina umgangatho wokugquma nge-welding.
★ Iingenelo:
- Ukulandelela i-Weld ukuze kuchongwe indlela ye-weld yesixhobo somsebenzi ngexesha langempela
- Uhlengahlengiso oluhlengahlengiswayo lwendlela yokuwelda kwi-XYZ iindlela ezintathu ngokweendlela ezahlukeneyo zokuphambuka ukuze kufunyanwe umgangatho olungileyo wokuwelda
- Iphucula izinga lokuvumelana kokuwelda kwemveliso
6. Ibrazing eneendawo ezintathu
Imodyuli enamabala amabini yongezwa kwilensi. Ngexesha lokuwelda, imodyuli enamabala amathathu kwi-optics yebrazing isasaza umqadi omnye ube yimiqadi emithathu, inika isisombululo sokuwelda amaphepha entsimbi eshushu ediphiweyo kwaye yenze ukuwelda kube tyaba ngaphandle kokuqhekeka.
Izicelo eziphambili:
Ukugquma ngentsimbi ye-aluminium alloy white bodies, ukugquma ngentsimbi ye-laser yezigqubuthelo zophahla kunye nezivalo zesiqu, kunye nokugquma ngentsimbi ye-auto parts, njl.
★ Iingenelo:
- Inkqubo yokugquma eqinileyo nethembekileyo
- Isantya esikhawulezayo
- Amandla aphezulu
- Umgangatho ongcono wokubonakala kwee-welds ze-galvanized sheet welds ezishushu
- Inkqubo yokucoca kwi-intanethi
- Uhlengahlengiso lwamandla aguqukayo
7. Ukuwelda kweHybrid okune-Multi-Wavelength
Ukuwelda kwe-hybrid enobude obuninziyinkqubo entsha yokuwelda eyaqalwa yiLianying Laser. Ibeka imisebe emibini yelaser ene-wavelengths ezahlukeneyo, nto leyo eyenza ukuba ii-axes zemisebe emibini zihambelane esithubeni. Ilaser ephambili ye-wavelength isetyenziselwa kakhulu ukuwelda, ngelixa ilaser yesibini ye-wavelength isetyenziselwa kakhulu ukufudumeza ucingo lokuwelda kunye nesinyithi esisisiseko, ukunciphisa izinga lokupholisa lesinyithi esinyibilikisiweyo kwidama lokuwelda. Ifanelekile ngokukodwa kwi-alloys ze-aluminium, i-alloys ze-magnesium, i-alloys ze-copper, njl.njl.
★ Iingenelo:
- Inciphisa umxholo weembobo
- Iphucula uzinzo lwentsimbi yokuwelda kwaye inyusa ukusebenza kakuhle kokuwelda
- Ikhulula ngokufanelekileyo uxinzelelo lobushushu, inciphisa imifantu, iphucula amandla okuwelda, kwaye ifumana iintsimbi zokuwelda ezinembonakalo efanayo.
Ukuqukumbela, okwangoku, kushishino lwelaser ngokubanzi, ubuchwepheshe kunye nezixhobo zangaphandle zisathatha indawo ephambili. Ziphucuke ngokupheleleyo kuzo zonke iinkalo, ukusuka kwiihostele zelaser kunye neentloko zokucubungula i-optical ukuya kwizixhobo ezincedisayo ezifana nee-chillers, iimitha zamandla, ukujonga ukuwelda ngaphakathi, ukuhlolwa emva kokuwelda, kunye nee-calibrators ze-TCP. Amashishini asekhaya enza yonke imizamo yokufikelela kule ngxaki. Nangona kunjalo, kwicandelo lezicelo zokuwelda ngelaser, iTshayina isondele kakhulu kwinqanaba eliphambili lamazwe ngamazwe, kunye namashishini amaninzi asemgangathweni ophezulu avelayo kwaye afumana iziphumo ezigqwesileyo.
Ixesha leposi: Septemba-05-2025
