Njengesithwali sezinye iindawo zemoto, iteknoloji yokuvelisa umzimba wemoto imisela ngokuthe ngqo umgangatho wokwenziwa kwemoto iyonke. Kwinkqubo yokwenziwa komzimba wemoto, ukuwelda yinkqubo ebalulekileyo yokuvelisa. Iitekhnoloji zokuwelda ezisetyenziswa ngoku kwi-auto body welding ziquka ukuwelda kwe-resistance spot, ukuwelda kwe-metallic inert gas shielded (MIG welding) kunye nokuwelda kwe-arc shielded gas shielded (MAG welding) kunye nokuwelda kwe-laser.
Njengeteknoloji yokudibanisa ephucukileyo enokuhlanganiswa kwe-optical-mechanical, iteknoloji yokudibanisa nge-laser ineengenelo zobuninzi bamandla aphezulu, isantya sokudibanisa esikhawulezayo, uxinzelelo oluphantsi lokudibanisa kunye nokuguquguquka, kunye nokuguquguquka okuhle xa kuthelekiswa netekhnoloji yendabuko yokudibanisa umzimba wemoto.
Ulwakhiwo lomzimba wemoto luyinkimbinkimbi, kwaye amalungu omzimba ikakhulu anezinto ezibhityileyo nezigobileyo. Ukuwelda umzimba ozenzekelayo kujongene nobunzima bokuwelda njengokwahluka kwezinto zomzimba, ubukhulu obahlukeneyo beendawo zomzimba, iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokuwelda kunye neefom zamalungu. Ukongeza, ukuwelda umzimba wemoto kuneemfuno eziphezulu kumgangatho wokuwelda kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kokuwelda.
Ngokusekelwe kwiiparamitha ezifanelekileyo zenkqubo yokuwelda, ukuwelda nge-laser kunokuqinisekisa amandla aphezulu okudinwa kunye nokuqina kwempembelelo yamalungu omzimba abalulekileyo xa kuwelda, ngaloo ndlela kuqinisekiswa umgangatho kunye nobomi benkonzo yokuwelda komzimba. Itekhnoloji yokuwelda nge-laser inokuqhelana nokuwelda kwamalungu omzimba eemoto aneefom ezahlukeneyo zamalungu, ubukhulu obahlukeneyo kunye neentlobo ezahlukeneyo zezinto, ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zokuguquguquka kwimveliso yomzimba weemoto. Ke ngoko, itekhnoloji yokuwelda nge-laser yindlela ebalulekileyo yobugcisa yokufezekisa uphuhliso oluphezulu lweshishini leemoto.
Inkqubo yokuwelda nge-laser kwimizimba yeemoto
Umgaqo wenkqubo yokuwelda nge-laser deep fusion: Xa uxinano lwamandla e-laser lufikelela kwinqanaba elithile, umphezulu wezinto uyanyibilika, ngaloo ndlela wenze umngxuma wesitshixo. Xa uxinzelelo lomphunga wesinyithi ngaphakathi komngxuma lufikelela kumlinganiselo oguquguqukayo kunye noxinzelelo oluzinzileyo kunye noxinzelelo lomphezulu wolwelo olujikelezileyo, i-laser inokukhazimla nge-keyhole ukuya ezantsi komngxuma, kwaye ngokuhamba komqadi we-laser, kwenziwa i-weld eqhubekayo. Kwinkqubo yokuwelda nge-laser deep fusion, akukho mfuneko yokongeza i-flux okanye i-filler encedisayo ukuwelda izinto zomsebenzi zibe yinto enye.
Umthungo we-weld ofunyenwe nge-laser deep fusion welding ngokubanzi uthambile kwaye uthe tye kwaye une-deformation encinci, nto leyo enceda ekuphuculeni ukuchaneka kokwenziwa komzimba we-auto. Amandla okuxinana kwe-weld aphezulu, nto leyo eqinisekisa umgangatho we-welding yomzimba we-auto. Isantya se-welding siyakhawuleza, nto leyo enceda ekuphuculeni ukusebenza kakuhle kwemveliso ye-welding.
Kwinkqubo yokuwelda umzimba ozenzekelayo, ukusetyenziswa kwenkqubo yokuwelda ye-laser deep fusion kunokunciphisa kakhulu inani leenxalenye, iimolds kunye nezixhobo zokuwelda, ngaloo ndlela kunciphisa ubunzima bomzimba kunye neendleko zemveliso. Nangona kunjalo, inkqubo yokuwelda ye-laser deep fusion ayinyamezeli kangako umsantsa wokuhlanganisa weendawo eziza kuwelda, kwaye umsantsa wokuhlanganisa kufuneka ulawulwe phakathi kwe-0.05 kunye ne-2 mm. Ukuba umsantsa wokuhlanganisa mkhulu kakhulu, kuya kubakho iziphene zokuwelda ezifana nokubola.
Uphando lwangoku lubonisa ukuba ekudibaniseni umzimba we-auto body kwezinto ezifanayo, ngokuphucula iiparameter zenkqubo ye-laser deep-fusion welding, kunokwenzeka ukufumana i-weld enokwakheka okuhle komphezulu, iziphene ezimbalwa zangaphakathi kunye neempawu ezintle zoomatshini. Iimpawu ezintle zoomatshini ze-weld zinokuhlangabezana neemfuno zokusetyenziswa kwezinto ezihlanganisiweyo zomzimba we-auto body. Nangona kunjalo, ekudibaniseni umzimba we-auto body, i-aluminium alloy-steel njengommeli wenkqubo ye-heterogeneous metal laser deep fusion welding ayivuthwanga, nangona ngokongeza umaleko wenguqu kunokufumana ukusebenza okuhle kakhulu kwe-weld, kodwa izixhobo ezahlukeneyo zomaleko wenguqu kwi-IMC layer impembelelo mechanism kunye nempembelelo yayo kwisakhiwo se-micro mechanism ye-weld ayicacanga, kufuneka uphando oluthe kratya.
Inkqubo yokuWelda yokuzalisa i-Laser Wire ye-Auto Body
Inkqubo yokuwelda i-laser filler isekelwe kumgaqo olandelayo: I-welded joint yenziwa ngokuzalisa i-weld kwangaphambili ngocingo oluthile okanye ngokuyinika i-wire ngaxeshanye ngexesha lenkqubo yokuwelda i-laser. Oku kufana nokondla inani elilinganayo lezinto ze-wire kwi-weld pool ngexesha lokuwelda i-laser deep fusion. Umzobo ongezantsi ubonisa inkqubo yokuwelda i-laser filler.
Xa kuthelekiswa nokuwelda nge-laser deep fusion, ukuwelda nge-laser filler kuneengenelo ezimbini ekuweldaniseni umzimba ozenzekelayo: okokuqala, kunokuphucula kakhulu ukunyamezelana komsantsa wokuhlanganisana phakathi kwamalungu omzimba ozenzekelayo ukuze aweldaniswe kwaye kusonjululwe ingxaki yemfuneko ye-bevel gap ephezulu yokuwelda nge-laser deep fusion; okwesibini, kunokuphucula ukusasazwa kwezicubu kwindawo yokuwelda ngokusebenzisa iingcingo ezinomxholo owahlukileyo wokwakheka, kwaye emva koko kulawula ukusebenza kwe-weld.
Kwinkqubo yokwenziwa kwemizimba yemoto, inkqubo yokwelulela i-laser filler isetyenziswa kakhulu ekuweleni iindawo zomzimba ze-aluminium alloy kunye nentsimbi. Ingakumbi kwinkqubo yokwelulela iindawo zomzimba ze-aluminium alloy, uxinzelelo lomphezulu wedama elinyibilikisiweyo lincinci, nto leyo enokukhokelela ekuweni kwedama elinyibilikisiweyo, ngelixa inkqubo yokwelulela i-laser filler inokusombulula ngcono ingxaki yokuwa kwedama elinyibilikisiweyo ngokunyibilika kwentambo kwinkqubo yokwelulela i-laser.
Inkqubo yokugquma umzimba nge-laser yezithuthi
Inkqubo yokugquma nge-laser isekelwe kumgaqo olandelayo: Ukusebenzisa i-laser njengomthombo wobushushu, umqadi we-laser ugxile kwaye ukhanyiselwe phezu kocingo, ucingo luyanyibilika, ucingo olunyibilikisiweyo luyathontsiza luze luzalise umsebenzi oza kugquma, kwaye iziphumo ze-metallurgical ezifana nokunyibilika kunye nokusasazwa kwenzeka phakathi kwezinto zokugquma kunye nomsebenzi, ngaloo ndlela zidibanisa umsebenzi. Ngokungafaniyo nenkqubo yokugquma nge-laser filler, inkqubo yokugquma nge-laser inyibilikisa ucingo kuphela hayi umsebenzi oza kugquma. Ukugquma nge-laser kuzinzile kakuhle kokugquma, kodwa amandla okuxinana kwe-weld ephumayo aphantsi. Umfanekiso 3 ubonisa ukusetyenziswa kwenkqubo yokugquma nge-laser kwi-welding ye-cargo compartment cover welding
Kwinkqubo yokuwelda umzimba ngokuzenzekelayo, inkqubo yokuwelda nge-laser isetyenziselwa ukuwelda amalungu omzimba angadingi mandla aphezulu adibeneyo, njengokuwelda phakathi kwesiciko esingaphezulu kunye neengcingo ezijikelezileyo ecaleni, ukuwelda phakathi kwenxalenye ephezulu nesezantsi yesigqubuthelo segumbi lemithwalo, njl. Isigqubuthelo esingaphezulu se-VW, i-Audi kunye nezinye iimodeli eziphakathi neziphezulu zonke zisebenzisa inkqubo yokuwelda nge-laser.
Iziphene eziphambili kwimijoyinti ye-laser brazed yemizimba yeemoto ziquka ukukrazula komphetho, ukubola, ukuguqulwa kwe-weld, njl.njl., kwaye iziphene zinokucinezelwa kakhulu ngokulawula iiparameter zenkqubo kunye nokusebenzisa inkqubo ye-laser brazing egxile kwiingqokelela ezininzi.
Inkqubo yokuwelda ye-laser-arc composite body yezithuthi
Umgaqo wenkqubo yokuwelda edityanisiweyo ye-laser-arc ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: imithombo emibini yobushushu, i-laser kunye ne-arc, zisetyenziselwa ukusebenza ngaxeshanye kumphezulu wesixhobo sokuwelda esiza kuwelda, kwaye isixhobo sokuwelda siyanyibilika size siqine ukuze senze umthungo wokuwelda. Umzobo ongezantsi ubonisa inkqubo yokuwelda ye-laser-arc.
Ukuwelda okudityanisiweyo kwe-laser-arc kudibanisa iingenelo zokuwelda nge-laser kunye nokuwelda nge-arc: okokuqala, phantsi kwesenzo semithombo yobushushu emibini, isantya sokuwelda sinokunyuswa, igalelo lobushushu liba lincinci, ukuguquguquka kokuwelda kuncinci, kugcina iimpawu zokuwelda nge-laser; okwesibini, amandla angcono okubhida, ukunyamezelana kwesithuba sokudibanisa kukhulu; okwesithathu, isantya sokuqina kwedama elinyibilikisiweyo siba sicotha, nto leyo enceda ekususeni iimbobo, imifantu kunye nezinye iziphene zokuwelda, ukuphucula ulungelelwaniso kunye nokusebenza kwendawo echaphazelekileyo bubushushu. Okwesine, ngenxa ye-arc, iyakwazi ukuwelda izinto ezinokukhanya okuphezulu kunye nokuqhuba okuphezulu kobushushu, kunye noluhlu olubanzi lwezinto ezisetyenzisiweyo.
Kwinkqubo yokwenziwa kwemizimba yemoto, inkqubo yokwelula i-laser-arc composite welding ikakhulu ziinxalenye ze-aluminium alloy zomzimba kunye neentsimbi ezahlukeneyo ze-aluminium alloy-steel, ukuze kubekho umsantsa wokuhlanganisa iindawo ezinkulu ze-welding, njengenxalenye yomnyango wemoto kwindawo ye-welding, oku kungenxa yokuba umsantsa wokuhlanganisa ulungele ukusebenza kwe-laser-arc composite welding. Ukongeza, itekhnoloji yokwelula i-arc composite welding ye-laser-MIG ikwasetyenziswa kwindawo ye-beam yophahla esecaleni yomzimba we-Audi.
Kwinkqubo yokuwelda umzimba ozenzekelayo, ukuwelda okudityanisiweyo nge-laser-arc kunengenelo yokunyamezelana okukhulu kwesithuba xa kuthelekiswa nokuwelda nge-laser enye, nangona kunjalo, ukuwelda okudityanisiweyo nge-laser-arc kufuna ukuqwalaselwa ngokubanzi kwendawo ehambelanayo ye-laser kunye ne-arc, iiparameter zokuwelda nge-laser, iiparameter ze-arc kunye nezinye izinto. Indlela yokuziphatha kobushushu kunye nokudluliselwa kobunzima kwenkqubo yokuwelda nge-laser-arc iyinkimbinkimbi, ingakumbi ukulawulwa kwamandla kokuwelda kwezinto ezahlukeneyo kunye nendlela yokusebenza kobukhulu be-IMC kunye nokulawulwa kwezicubu ayikacaci kwaye ifuna ukomelezwa ngakumbi kophando.
Ezinye iinkqubo zokuwelda nge-laser yomzimba weemoto
Ukuwelda nge-laser deep fusion, ukuwelda nge-laser filler, ukuwelda nge-laser kunye nokuwelda nge-laser-arc composite kunye nezinye iinkqubo zokuwelda zinethiyori evuthiweyo kunye noluhlu olubanzi lwezicelo ezisebenzayo. Njengoko iimfuno zeshishini leemoto zokusebenzisa kakuhle ukuwelda komzimba zisanda kwaye imfuno yokuwelda kwezinto ezahlukeneyo kwimveliso elula iyanda, ukuwelda nge-laser spot, ukuwelda nge-laser oscillation, ukuwelda nge-laser beam eninzi kunye nokuwelda nge-laser flight kuye kwafumana ingqalelo.
Inkqubo yokuwelda indawo yelaser
Ukuwelda kwe-laser spot yiteknoloji yokuwelda ye-laser ephucukileyo enezibonelelo ezibalaseleyo zesantya esikhawulezayo sokuwelda kunye nokuchaneka okuphezulu kokuwelda. Umgaqo osisiseko wokuwelda kwe-laser spot kukujolisa umqadi we-laser kwindawo ethile kwinxalenye eza kuwelda, ukuze isinyithi kuloo ndawo sinyibilike ngoko nangoko, kwaye ngokulungelelanisa uxinano lwe-laser ukuze kufezekiswe ukuwelda kwe-thermal conduction okanye i-deep fusion welding effect, xa umqadi we-laser uyeka ukusebenza, isinyithi esilulwelo siyabuyela umva, siqine kwaye senze i-joint.
Kukho iindlela ezimbini eziphambili zokuwelda nge-laser spot: ukuwelda nge-laser spot kunye nokuwelda nge-laser spot okuqhubekayo. Umqadi we-laser kwi-pulsed laser spot welding unamandla aphezulu, kodwa ixesha lokusebenza lifutshane, kwaye ngokubanzi usetyenziselwa ukuwelda izinyithi ezikhanyayo ezifana ne-magnesium alloys kunye ne-aluminium alloys. Kwi-continuous laser spot welding, umqadi we-laser unamandla aphezulu kunye nexesha elide lokusebenza nge-laser, kwaye usetyenziswa kakhulu ekuwelda intsimbi.
Kwi-auto body welding, xa kuthelekiswa ne-resistance spot welding, i-laser spot welding ineengenelo ze-non-contact and i-self-designed spot welding trajectory, enokwanelisa imfuno ye-welding esemgangathweni ophezulu phantsi kwezithuba ezahlukeneyo zee-lap zezixhobo zomzimba we-auto.
Inkqubo yokuwelda nge-laser oscillation
Ukuwelda nge-laser oscillation yiteknoloji entsha yokuwelda nge-laser eye yacetyiswa kwiminyaka yakutshanje kwaye ifumene ingqwalasela ebanzi. Umgaqo wale teknoloji kukufezekisa ukuwelda ngokukhawuleza, ngocwangco nangokuncinci komqadi we-laser ngokufaka isibuko esijikelezayo kwintloko yokuwelda nge-laser, ngaloo ndlela kufezekiswa isiphumo sokushukumisa umqadi ngelixa usiya phambili ngexesha lokuwelda nge-laser.
Iindlela eziphambili zokujikajika kwinkqubo yokuwelda nge-laser oscillation ziquka: ukujikajika okunqamlezileyo, ukujikajika okude, ukujikajika okujikelezayo kunye nokujika okungapheliyo. Inkqubo yokuwelda nge-laser oscillation ineengenelo ezibalulekileyo ekujikeni umzimba we-auto, njengoko imeko yokuhamba kwedama lokunyibilika itshintsha kakhulu kukujikajika komqadi we-laser, ngoko ke inkqubo inokususa iziphene ezingadibaniyo, ifezekise ukucocwa kweenkozo kwaye icinezele ukubola kokujikijela kwezinto ezifanayo zomzimba we-auto, kwaye iphucule iingxaki zokungaxutywa ngokwaneleyo kwezinto ezahlukeneyo kunye neempawu ezimbi zoomatshini ze-weld seam ekujikeni kwezinto ezahlukeneyo zomzimba we-auto.
Inkqubo yokuwelda ngemithamo emininzi ye-laser
Okwangoku, ii-laser zefayibha zingasetyenziselwa ukwahlula umqadi omnye we-laser ube yimiqadi emininzi ye-laser kusetyenziswa imodyuli yokwahlulahlula imiqadi efakwe kwintloko yokudibanisa. Ukudibanisa imiqadi emininzi ye-laser kufana nokusebenzisa imithombo emininzi yobushushu kwinkqubo yokudibanisa. Ngokulungisa ukusasazwa kwamandla omqadi, imiqadi eyahlukeneyo inokufezekisa imisebenzi eyahlukeneyo, efana nale: umqadi onoxinano olukhulu lwamandla yiyo imiqadi ephambili, enoxanduva lokudibanisa ngokunyibilika okunzulu; umqadi ongaphantsi kwamandla unoxinano oluphantsi lwamandla unokucoca kwaye ufudumale umphezulu wezinto kwaye wonyuse ukufunxwa kwamandla omqadi we-laser yizinto.
Inkqubo yokuwelda ngemitha ye-laser emininzi inokuphucula indlela yokuphuma komphunga we-zinc vapor kunye nendlela esebenza ngayo ichibi lokunyibilika ngexesha lokuwelda amaphepha entsimbi agqunyiweyo, iphucule ingxaki yokuchithachitha kwaye yonyuse amandla okuxinana komthungo wokuwelda.
Inkqubo yokuwelda ngenqwelo-moya nge-laser
Iteknoloji yokuwelda ngenqwelomoya nge-laser yiteknoloji entsha yokuwelda nge-laser esebenza kakuhle kakhulu kunye noyilo oluzimeleyo lwendlela yokuwelda. Umgaqo osisiseko wokuwelda nge-laser flight kukuba xa umqadi we-laser usenzeka kwizipili ze-X kunye ne-Y zesipili sokuskena, i-engile yesipili ilawulwa ngokucwangcisa okuzenzakalelayo ukuze kufikelelwe ekuphambukeni komqadi we-laser kuyo nayiphi na i-engile.
Ngokwesiko, ukuwelda nge-laser yomzimba ozenzekelayo kuxhomekeke kakhulu kwirobhothi yokuwelda ukuqhuba intloko yokuwelda nge-laser ukuze ihambe ngendlela efanayo ukuze kufezekiswe isiphumo sokuwelda. Nangona kunjalo, intshukumo ephindaphindayo yerobhothi yokuwelda iyayithintela kakhulu ukusebenza kakuhle kokuwelda komzimba ozenzekelayo ngenxa yenani elikhulu lokuwelda kunye nobude obude bezinto zokuwelda. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, ukuwelda nge-laser flight kunokufezekiswa kuluhlu oluthile ngokulungisa nje i-engile yesibonisi. Ke ngoko, iteknoloji yokuwelda nge-laser flight inokuphucula kakhulu ukusebenza kakuhle kokuwelda kwaye inethuba elibanzi lokusetyenziswa.
Isishwankathelo
Ngophuhliso lweshishini leemoto, ikamva letekhnoloji yokuthungela umzimba liya kuqhubeka liphuhla kwinkqubo yokuthungela kunye netekhnoloji ekrelekrele.
Umzimba ozenzekelayo, ingakumbi umzimba omtsha wesithuthi samandla, uphuhliswa kwicala lobunzima obulula. Iialloy ezikhaphukhaphu, izinto ezidityanisiweyo kunye nezinto ezahlukeneyo ziya kusetyenziswa kakhulu emzimbeni wesithuthi, inkqubo yokuwelda yelaser eqhelekileyo kunzima ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zayo zokuwelda, ngoko ke inkqubo yokuwelda esemgangathweni ophezulu nesebenzayo iya kuba yindlela yophuhliso lwexesha elizayo.
Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, inkqubo yokuwelda yelaser entsha, efana nokuwelda nge-laser swing, ukuwelda nge-laser beam, ukuwelda nge-laser flight, njl.njl., ibikumgangatho wokuwelda kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kokuwelda kophando lokuqala lwethiyori kunye nophando lwenkqubo. Ikamva kufuneka libe yinkqubo yokuwelda yelaser entsha kunye nezixhobo ezilula zomzimba we-auto, ukuwelda kwezinto ezahlukeneyo kunye nezinye iimeko ezidityaniswe ngokusondeleyo, uyilo lwendlela yokuwelda ye-laser beam, indlela yokusebenza kwamandla e-laser beam kunye nokuphuculwa kokusebenza kakuhle kokuwelda nge-flight kunye nezinye iinkalo zophando olunzulu ukuze kuhlolwe inkqubo yokuwelda yomzimba we-auto elula evuthiweyo.
Itekhnoloji yokuwelda nge-laser yomzimba ozenzekelayo idityaniswe kakhulu netekhnoloji ekrelekrele, ukuqonda imeko yokuwelda nge-laser yomzimba ozenzekelayo ngexesha langempela kunye nolawulo lwempendulo kwiiparameter zenkqubo kunendima ebalulekileyo kumgangatho wokuwelda. Itekhnoloji yokuwelda nge-laser ekrelekrele yangoku isetyenziswa kakhulu ekucwangciseni indlela yokuwelda ngaphambi kokuwelda kunye nokulandelela kunye nokuhlolwa komgangatho emva kokuwelda. Uphando lwasekhaya nolwangaphandle ekufumaneni iziphene zokuwelda kunye nolawulo oluhambelanayo lweeparameter lusesemncinci, kwaye itekhnoloji yokulawula oluhambelanayo lweeparameter zenkqubo yokuwelda nge-laser ayikasetyenziswa kwimveliso yomzimba ozenzekelayo.
Ngoko ke, ukuze kusetyenziswe iteknoloji yokuwelda yelaser kwiimpawu zenkqubo yokuwelda yomzimba we-auto, ikamva kufuneka liphuhliswe ngenkqubo yokubona ekrelekrele ye-multi-sensor core laser welding kunye nenkqubo yolawulo lwerobhothi yokuwelda echanekileyo ngesantya esiphezulu ukuqinisekisa ukuba iteknoloji ekrelekrele yokuwelda yelaser ngexesha langempela kunye nokuchaneka kwekhonkco ngalinye, ngokusebenzisa ikhonkco elithi "pre-welding trajectory planning - welding parameters adaptive control post-welding quality online Inspection", ukuqinisekisa umgangatho ophezulu kunye nokusebenza kakuhle.
Inkampani ye-Maven laser automation igxile kushishino lwe-laser kangangeminyaka eli-14, sigxile kwi-laser welding, sinomatshini we-robotic arm laser welding, umatshini we-Table Automatic Laser Welding, umatshini we-Handheld Laser welding, ukongeza, sikwanawo nomatshini we-laser welding, umatshini wokusika i-laser kunye nomatshini wokukrola uphawu lwe-laser, sineendawo ezininzi zezisombululo ze-laser welding, ukuba unomdla ungasoloko unxibelelana nathi.
Ixesha lokuthumela: Disemba-09-2022
