Ukuthelekiswa kweziphumo zokuwelda ze-laser ezineedayamitha ezahlukeneyo ze-core

Ukuwelda nge-laserinokufezekiswa ngokusebenzisa imisebe yelaser eqhubekayo okanye eshukumayo. Imigaqo yeukuwelda nge-laserinokwahlulwahlulwa ibe yi-heat conduction welding kunye ne-laser deep penetration welding. Xa uxinano lwamandla lungaphantsi kwe-104 ~ 105 W/cm2, yi-heat conduction welding. Ngeli xesha, ubunzulu bokungena buphantsi kwaye isantya sokudibanisa sicotha; xa uxinano lwamandla lungaphezulu kwe-105 ~ 107 W/cm2, umphezulu wesinyithi ugobile ube “yimingxunya” ngenxa yobushushu, okwenza i-deep penetration welding, eneempawu zesantya sokudibanisa esikhawulezayo kunye nomlinganiselo omkhulu wobuso. Umgaqo wokuqhuba ubushushuukuwelda nge-laseryi: imitha yelaser ifudumeza umphezulu oza kucutshungulwa, kwaye ubushushu bomphezulu buyasasazeka buye ngaphakathi ngokusebenzisa ukuhanjiswa kobushushu. Ngokulawula iiparameter zelaser ezifana nobubanzi be-laser pulse, amandla, amandla encochoyi, kunye nokuphindaphinda rhoqo, isixhobo somsebenzi siyanyibilikiswa ukuze senze ichibi elithile elinyibilikisiweyo.

Ukuwelda ngobunzulu be-laser ngokuqhelekileyo kusebenzisa umqadi we-laser oqhubekayo ukugqiba uqhagamshelo lwezinto. Inkqubo yayo ye-metallurgical ifana kakhulu neyokuwelda nge-electron beam, oko kukuthi, indlela yokuguqula amandla igqitywa ngesakhiwo "se-key-hole".

Phantsi kwe-laser irradiation enobunzima obuphezulu obaneleyo, izinto ziyaphuma kwaye kwenziwa imingxunya emincinci. Lo mngxunya mncinci ozaliswe ngumphunga ufana nomzimba omnyama, ufunxa phantse onke amandla omqadi wesiganeko. Ubushushu bokulingana emngxunyeni bufikelela malunga nama-2500.°C. Ubushushu budluliselwa ukusuka eludongeni lwangaphandle lomngxuma oshushu kakhulu, nto leyo ebangela ukuba isinyithi esijikeleze umngxuma sinyibilike. Umngxuma omncinci uzaliswe ngumphunga oshushu kakhulu oveliswa kukufuma okuqhubekayo kwezinto zodonga phantsi kokukhanyiswa komqadi. Iindonga zomngxuma omncinci zijikelezwe yintsimbi enyibilikisiweyo, kwaye isinyithi esilulwelo sijikelezwe zizinto eziqinileyo (kwiinkqubo ezininzi ze-welding eziqhelekileyo kunye ne-laser conduction welding, amandla aqala afakwe kumphezulu wento yokusebenza aze athuthwe aye ngaphakathi ngokudluliselwa). Ukuhamba kolwelo ngaphandle kodonga lomngxuma kunye noxinzelelo lomphezulu womaleko wodonga zikwisigaba kunye noxinzelelo lomphunga oluqhubekayo oluvela kumngxuma kwaye lugcina ibhalansi eguquguqukayo. Umqadi wokukhanya uqhubeka ungena kumngxuma omncinci, kwaye izinto ezingaphandle komngxuma omncinci zihlala zihamba. Njengoko umqadi wokukhanya uhamba, umngxuma omncinci uhlala ukwimeko ezinzileyo yokuhamba.

Oko kukuthi, umngxuma omncinci kunye nentsimbi enyibilikisiweyo ejikeleze udonga lomngxuma ziya phambili ngesantya sokuya phambili somqadi womqhubi. Intsimbi enyibilikisiweyo izalisa umngxuma oshiyekileyo emva kokuba umngxuma omncinci ususiwe kwaye ijiya ngokufanelekileyo, kwaye i-weld yenziwe. Konke oku kwenzeka ngokukhawuleza kangangokuba isantya sokuwelda sinokufikelela ngokulula kwiimitha ezininzi ngomzuzu.

Emva kokuqonda iingcamango ezisisiseko zoxinano lwamandla, ukuwelda kokuqhuba ubushushu, kunye nokuwelda kokungena okunzulu, siza kulandela ukwenza uhlalutyo oluthelekisayo loxinano lwamandla kunye nezigaba ze-metallographic zeedayamitha ezahlukeneyo ze-core.

Uthelekiso lweemvavanyo zokuwelda ezisekelwe kwiidayamitha eziqhelekileyo ze-laser core ezithengiswayo:

Uxinano lwamandla lwendawo egxile kwindawo yeeleser ezineedayamitha ezahlukeneyo ezingundoqo

Ngokwembono yoxinano lwamandla, phantsi kwamandla afanayo, okukhona ububanzi be-core buncinci, kokukhona ukukhanya kwe-laser kuphezulu kwaye amandla agxininise ngakumbi. Ukuba i-laser ithelekiswa nemela ebukhali, okukhona ububanzi be-core buncinci, kokukhona i-laser ibukhali. Uxinano lwamandla lwe-laser ye-14um core diameter lungaphezulu ngokuphindwe ka-50 kunolwe-laser ye-100um core diameter, kwaye amandla okucubungula anamandla ngakumbi. Kwangaxeshanye, uxinano lwamandla olubalwe apha luxinano oluqhelekileyo oluqhelekileyo. Usasazo lwamandla okwenyani lusasazo oluqikelelweyo lweGaussian, kwaye amandla aphakathi aya kuba ngamaxesha amaninzi uxinano lwamandla oqhelekileyo.

Umzobo wesicwangciso sokusasazwa kwamandla e-laser kunye nobubanzi obahlukeneyo obuphambili

Umbala womzobo wokusasazwa kwamandla lusasazo lwamandla. Okukhona umbala ubomvu, kokukhona amandla aphezulu. Amandla abomvu yindawo apho amandla agxininisiweyo khona. Ngokusasazwa kwamandla elaser kweemitha zelaser ezineedayamitha ezahlukeneyo ezingundoqo, kunokubonwa ukuba umphambili welaser beam awubukhali kwaye umqadi welaser ubukhali. Okukhona amandla egxininisiwe ngakumbi kwindawo enye, kokukhona ebukhali kwaye amandla awo okungena aqine ngakumbi.

Ukuthelekiswa kweziphumo zokuwelda ze-laser ezineedayamitha ezahlukeneyo ze-core

Ukuthelekiswa kwee-laser ezineedayamitha ezahlukeneyo ze-core:

(1) Olu vavanyo lusebenzisa isantya se-150mm/s, ukuwelda kwindawo yokugxila, kwaye izinto zenziwe nge-aluminium yochungechunge olunye, ubukhulu be-2mm;

(2) Okukhona ubukhulu be-core diameter bukhulu, kokukhona ububanzi bokunyibilika bukhulu, kokukhona indawo echaphazeleka bubushushu inkulu, kwaye ubuncinci boxinzelelo lwamandla eyunithi. Xa ububanzi be-core budlula i-200um, akulula ukufikelela kubunzulu bokungena kwii-alloys ezine-reaction ephezulu ezifana ne-aluminium kunye ne-copper, kwaye i-Deep penetration welding ephezulu inokufezekiswa kuphela ngamandla aphezulu;

(3) Iileyiza ezincinci zinamandla aphezulu kwaye zinokuvula ngokukhawuleza imingxuma yezitshixo kumphezulu wezinto ezinamandla aphezulu kunye neendawo ezincinci ezichaphazeleka bubushushu. Nangona kunjalo, kwangaxeshanye, umphezulu we-weld urhabaxa, kwaye amathuba okuwa kwemingxuma yezitshixo aphezulu ngexesha le-welding enesantya esiphantsi, kwaye imingxuma yezitshixo ivaliwe ngexesha lomjikelo we-welding. Umjikelo mde, kwaye iziphene ezifana neziphene kunye nee-pores zinokwenzeka. Ifanelekile ekucutshungulweni okanye ekucutshungulweni ngesantya esiphezulu nge-swing trajectory;

(4) Iilaser ezinkulu ezinobubanzi obukhulu zinendawo zokukhanya ezinkulu kunye namandla asasazekileyo, nto leyo eyenza zifaneleke ngakumbi ekunyibilikiseni umphezulu welaser, ukugquma, ukuqhoboshela kunye nezinye iinkqubo.