Iziphene Eziqhelekileyo kwiUkuwelda kweLaser yeAluminiyam Alloy
Nokuba yi-laser autogenous welding okanyeukuwelda nge-laser-arc hybridisetyenziselwa ii-alloys ze-aluminium, kukho iingxaki zobugcisa eziqhelekileyo, oko kukuthi, iziphene zinokwenzeka ukuba iiparameter zenkqubo kunye neemeko zokuwelda zichasene ne-metallurgical.okungafanelekanga.Iziphene ezikwizihlanganisi ze-aluminium alloy ziquka iintlobo ezimbini: ukuxinana kwe-weld kunye nokuxinana kwe-hot cracks. Ukongeza kwi-porosity kunye nokuxinana kwe-hot cracks, iziphene ezifana nokunqunyulwa okungaphantsi kunye nokwakheka kakubi kwe-backside zikhona nakwi-laser welding yee-aluminium alloys. Xa kuthelekiswa nokuxinana kwe-weld, amathuba okuxinana kwe-welding (okubonakalayo emehlweni okanye phantsi kokukhulisa okuphantsi) awekho phezulu. Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yokuba ii-cracks ziyingozi ngakumbi, i-JIS Z 3105 imisela ukuba xa i-crack ifunyenwe kwi-weld, i-weld iya kugwetywa njengeClass IV. Ukuxinana okungaphantsi, ukwakheka okubi kwe-backside kunye nezinye iziphene ikakhulu ziziphene ezinkulu ezibangelwa kulawulo olungafanelekanga lwesantya okanye iiparameter zenkqubo ezingahambelaniyo. Ezi ziphene zihlala zibonakala kwinqanaba lokuhlola inkqubo kunye nokulungisa iimpazamo, kwaye azifane zenzeke kwimisebenzi eqhelekileyo yemveliso. Ke ngoko, i-porosity luhlobo lwesiphene esinobungozi ngakumbi kwi-laser welding yee-aluminium alloys nakwinkonzo yezakhiwo ezihlanganisiweyo, kwaye kunzima ukuyisusa ngokusisiseko.
1. Ukuvuleka kwe-Porosity
Ukuxinana kwe-Porosity yeyona nto ixhaphakileyo neyona iphambili kwi-volume diseaseukuwelda nge-laser kwee-aluminium alloys, ngobukhulu obuqala kumakhulu ee-microns ukuya kwiimilimitha ezininzi. Indlela yokwakheka kwayo ayikacaci ngokupheleleyo. Ukuxinana kwe-porosity akugcini nje ngokunciphisa icandelo lokusebenza elisebenzayo le-weld, kodwa kukwabangela noxinzelelo, kunciphisa amandla aguqukayo kunye nokusebenza kokudinwa kwejoyinti edibeneyo.
Xa i-aluminium alloy inyibilika kwindawo equlethe i-hydrogen, umxholo wayo wangaphakathi we-hydrogen ungafikelela ngaphezulu kwe-0.69 ml/100g, kodwa emva kokuba i-alloy iqina, ukunyibilika kwayo kwe-hydrogen kwi-equilibrium kungaphezulu kwe-0.036 ml/100g. Ngokuqhelekileyo kukholelwa ukuba ngexesha lenkqubo yokupholisa i-laser welding, ukunyibilika kwe-hydrogen kwehla kakhulu, kwaye ukuna kwe-hydrogen e-supersaturated kuya kwenza i-hydrogen porosity. Ukuphuma komoya kwezinto ezinyibilikayo ezisezantsi kunye noxinzelelo oluphezulu lomphunga nako kunokukhokelela kwi-porosity, ebizwa ngokuba yi-metallurgical porosity. Ukongeza, ukuphazamiseka komqadi we-laser kunye nokungazinzi komngxuma wesitshixo nako kunokwenza i-porosity, kodwa loo porosity inesimo esingahambelaniyo kwaye ingabizwa ngokuba yi-process-induced porosity. Ngenxa yomsebenzi ophezulu weekhemikhali ze-aluminium alloys, ifilimu ye-oxide yenziwa ngokulula phezu komphezulu. Ngexesha lokudityaniswa, amanzi ekristale kunye namanzi adibeneyo aqhekeka kwifilimu ye-oxide kumphezulu we-aluminium alloy, kunye nokufuma emoyeni kunye negesi ekhuselayo, aqhekeka ngokuthe ngqo ukuvelisa i-hydrogen kwindawo enobushushu obuphezulu phantsi kwesenzo se-laser. Ezi gesi zehydrogen zinokungena ngexesha lokuphola nokuqina kwechibi elinyibilikisiweyo ukuze lenze amaqamza okanye zivelise amaqamza ngokuthe ngqo kwifilimu ye-oxide enganyibiliki ngokupheleleyo. Ngenxa yobunzima obuphantsi bee-alloys ze-aluminium, isantya esinyukayo samaqamza kwichibi elinyibilikisiweyo sicotha. Ukongeza, ii-alloys ze-aluminium zine-thermal conductivity enamandla, kwaye isantya sokuphola nokuqina kwechibi elinyibilikisiweyo sikhawuleza kakhulu. Amanye amaqamza awakwazi ukuphuma ngexesha kwaye ahlale kwi-weld, ngaloo ndlela enza i-porosity ye-metallurgical. Izifundo zibonise ukuba igesi ephambili kwi-porosity yee-alloy welds ze-aluminium yi-hydrogen, ngoko ke i-porosity kwii-alloy welds ze-aluminium ngamanye amaxesha ibizwa ngokuba yi-hydrogen porosity. Xa kujongwa ukwaphuka kwe-porosity phantsi kwe-scanning electron microscope, i-porosity ikakhulu ibonakalisa i-spherical morphology eneziphelo ze-dendrite ezicwangciswe kakuhle zeekristale ze-dendritic, kwaye udonga lwangaphakathi lugudile, lucocekile kwaye alunazo ii-oxidation traces. Ukubakho kwe-porosity akunciphisi kuphela ubuncinci be-weld kunye nomthamo wokuthwala wejoyinti, kodwa kunciphisa namandla kunye ne-plasticity yejoyinti ukuya kumanqanaba ahlukeneyo.
2. Iingcangca ezishushu
Iimfantu ezishushu (kuquka iimfantu eziqinileyo kunye neemfantu ezinyibilikayo) zenzeka ngexesha lenkqubo yokuqina kwesinyithi sedama esinyibilikisiweyo kwaye zezinye zeentlobo eziqhelekileyo zeziphene kwi-laser welding yee-alloys ze-aluminium. Uphawu olucacileyo lwe-fracture morphology yeemfantu eziqinileyo kukuba umphezulu weemfantu uqulunqwe yindawo enkulu ye-cobblestone egudileyo kodwa engalinganiyo okanye izakhiwo ezifana netapile, kwaye umphezulu uhlala ugcina i-intergranular low-melting-point eutectics okanye ii-liquid film folds, kunye neempawu zokuqhekeka okubuthathaka kwee-dendrites. I-fracture morphology yeemfantu ezinyibilikayo ifana ne-solidification cracks, kodwa ineempawu zokuqhekeka okuphakathi kwee-granular ezishushu kakhulu okanye ukuqhekeka okuqinileyo. Kwi-diterally fracture ye-fusion-welded joints phantsi komthwalo wokudinwa, imithombo yeemfantu ezidiniweyo ezibangelwa ziimfantu ezishushu nazo zixhaphakile. Izizathu zeemfantu ezishushu kwi-laser welding yee-alloys ze-aluminium zinxulumene kakhulu neempawu zazo kunye neenkqubo ze-welding. Ii-alloys ze-aluminium zinezinga elikhulu lokuncitshiswa ngexesha lokuqina (ukuya kuthi ga kwi-5%), okubangela uxinzelelo olukhulu lwe-welding kunye nokuguquguquka; ukongeza, izakhiwo ze-eutectic ezisezantsi-melting-point zenziwa ecaleni kwemida yeenkozo ngexesha lokuqina kwesinyithi se-weld, nto leyo enciphisa amandla okubopha kwimida yeenkozo, ngaloo ndlela yenza iintanda ezishushu phantsi kwesenzo soxinzelelo lokuxinana. Ukongeza, iimophologies ze-crack kwi-laser welding yee-aluminium alloys zinokushwankathelwa kwezi ndidi zilandelayo: iintanda eziphakathi kwe-weld; iintanda zomgca we-weld fusion; iintanda eziphakathi kwe-granular kwi-welds; iintanda ezichaphazeleka bubushushu ze-zone liquation; iintanda ezibangelwa ziifilimu ze-oxide; kunye neentanda ezincinci eziphakathi kwe-granular.
Ukongeza, ukhuseleko olubi ngexesha lokuwelda lubangela ukuba intsimbi ye-weld isabelane neegesi emoyeni, kwaye izinto eziqukiweyo nazo zingaba yimithombo yokuqhekeka. Uhlobo kunye nobungakanani bezinto ezixutyiweyo zinempembelelo enkulu kwindlela yokuqhekeka okushushu ngexesha lokuwelda kwe-aluminium alloy. Ngokubanzi, ii-alloy ze-aluminium ze-Al-Si kunye ne-Al-Mn series zinokuwelda okuhle kwaye akulula ukuvelisa ii-cracks ezishushu; ngelixa ii-alloy ze-aluminium ze-Al-Mg, Al-Cu kunye ne-Al-Zn series zineendlela eziphezulu zokuqhekeka okushushu. Indlela yokuqhekeka okushushu ingancitshiswa ngokulungelelanisa iiparameter zenkqubo yokuwelda ukulawula amazinga okufudumeza kunye nokuphola. Ngokubanzi, indlela yokuqhekeka okushushu ye-laser-arc hybrid welding ingcono kuneyo yokuwelda kwe-laser filler wire, kwaye indlela yokuqhekeka okushushu ye-laser filler wire welding ingcono kuneyo yokuwelda kwe-laser autogenous.
3. Ukunqunyulwa okungaphantsi kunye nokutshiswa
Ii-alloy ze-aluminium zinamandla aphantsi e-ionization, kwaye i-plasma ebangelwa yi-photo-induced ithambekele ekutshiseni kakhulu nasekukhuleni ngexesha lokuwelda, nto leyo ebangela iinkqubo zokuwelda ezingazinzanga. Ukongeza, ii-alloy ze-aluminium ezingamanzi zinokuguquguquka okuhle kunye noxinzelelo oluphantsi lomphezulu. Ukuphucula ukungena, kufuneka izinga elikhulu lokuhamba kwegesi elikhuselayo kunye namandla okukhupha i-laser, nto leyo eyonakalisa uzinzo lwenkqubo yokuwelda, nto leyo ebangela ukuba ichibi elinyibilikisiweyo litshintshe ngamandla phantsi koxinzelelo kwaye likhokelele ngokulula kwiziphene ezifana nokusikwa okungaphantsi kunye nokutsha. Ukwakheka ngasemva kwee-alloy ze-aluminium eziwelded nge-laser kunokuphuculwa ngempumelelo ngokufaka ipleyiti yobhedu epholiswe ngamanzi ngasemva kwe-weld.
4. Ukubandakanywa kweSlag
Olunye uhlobo lwesiphene esihlala sisenzeka ekudibaniseni umzimba wemoto kukudityaniswa kwe-weld slag. Izifundo zibonise ukuba ukufakwa kwe-slag ikakhulu kuvela kwii-oxides ezikumphezulu we-weldments kunye neentambo ze-welding, kunye neenkqubo ezingazinzanga kwindawo yezixhobo ze-aluminium alloy. Ke ngoko, abavelisi bezinto ze-aluminium alloy kufuneka baqinise ubuchule betekhnoloji kwaye baphucule iinkqubo zokubumba ukuze banciphise umxholo wokungcola kunye ne-hydrogen kwizixhobo eziluhlaza kwaye baphucule uzinzo lomgangatho weemveliso.
Ixesha lokuthumela: Agasti-05-2025
