Usetyenziso lweLaser kwiShishini
Intshayelelo: Ukusukela oko yaqala ukusebenza ngeminyaka yoo-1960, iteknoloji yelaser iguquke ngokukhawuleza yaba sisixhobo esibalulekileyo kwimveliso yemizi-mveliso, ngenxa yobuninzi bayo bamandla, indlela egqwesileyo kunye nolawulo. Xa kuthelekiswa neendlela zemveli zokucubungula oomatshini, ukucubungula ilaser kuneenzuzo ezahlukeneyo ezifana nokusebenza ngaphandle kokuthintana, ukuchaneka okuphezulu kunye nokuzisebenzela okuphezulu, kwaye kusetyenziswa kakhulu kwiinkqubo zokuvelisa mizi-mveliso kubandakanya ukusika izinto, ukuwelda, ukumakisha, ukubhola kunye nokuvelisa izongezo. Ngokusekelwe kwiintlobo zelaser kunye neempawu zazo zenkqubo, ukucubungula ilaser yemizi-mveliso kuhlulwe kakhulu kwiintlobo ezintathu: ukusika ilaser, ukuwelda ilaser kunye nokuvelisa izongezo zelaser, nganye ineendlela zokusebenza ezizodwa kunye neescopes zesicelo.
Ukusika ngeLaser
Ukusika i-laser yenye yezona zicelo zivuthiweyo ze-laser yemizi-mveliso. Isebenzisa imisebe ye-laser enamandla aphezulu ukunyibilikisa nokufutha izinto, kwaye isebenzisana neegesi ezincedisayo ukuvuthuza i-slag enyibilikisiweyo, ifezekisa ukusika okusebenzayo nokuchanekileyo. Okwangoku, ii-laser ze-CO₂ kunye ne-laser zefayibha zizixhobo eziphambili, ezifanelekileyo ukusika iipleyiti eziphakathi nezincinci zentsimbi yekhabhoni, intsimbi engatyiwayo, i-aluminium alloy kunye nezinye izinto. Le teknoloji ibonakaliswa yi-kerf encinci, indawo encinci echaphazeleka bubushushu, akukho mfuneko yokubumba kunye nokutshintsha ngokukhawuleza iindlela zokucubungula, okwenza ukuba isebenze ngakumbi kumashishini afunwa kakhulu njengokuvelisa iimoto, ukucubungula isinyithi kunye ne-aerospace.
(1) Kwimveliso yeemoto, ukusika nge-laser kusetyenziswa ukuvelisa izinto ezahlukeneyo ukusuka kwiiphaneli zomzimba ukuya kwiinjini. Umzekelo, ii-fiber lasers zamkelwe ekusikeni ngokuchanekileyo kweendawo zentsimbi ezinamandla aphezulu, ngaloo ndlela kuphunyezwa uyilo olukhaphukhaphu lweemoto.
(2) Ishishini leenqwelo-moya likwazuza kubuchwepheshe bokusika nge-laser, ingakumbi ekuvelisweni kwezinto ezintsonkothileyo ezenziwe ngezinto eziphambili ezifana ne-titanium kunye nezinto ezidityanisiweyo. Umzekelo, ii-laser ezikhawulezayo kakhulu zingasetyenziselwa ukusika izinto ze-titanium alloy ezimile okwe-complex ngelixa zinciphisa umonakalo wobushushu, ziqinisekisa ukuthembeka kwesakhiwo sezinto kwaye ziphucula kakhulu ukusebenza kunye nokhuseleko lweendawo zeenqwelo-moya.
Ukuwelda ngeLaser
Ukuwelda nge-laser kufezekisa ukudibana kwezinto ngokusebenzisa imiqadi ye-laser ukunyibilikisa ngokukhawuleza izinto zesinyithi, eziquka ukungena nzulu, isantya esiphezulu kunye nokufakwa kobushushu obuphantsi. Iindlela eziqhelekileyo zokuwelda ziquka ukuwelda nge-laser okuqhubekayo kunye nokuwelda nge-laser eshukumayo, ezifanelekileyo ukuwelda ngokuchanekileyo kweepleyiti ezincinci kunye neemeko zokuwelda nzulu. Xa kuthelekiswa nokuwelda nge-arc, ukuwelda nge-laser kuvelisa ukuwelda okunamandla aphezulu kunye nokuguquguquka okuncinci, kwaye kusebenza kwiindawo ezifana nokupakishwa kwebhetri yamandla, ukuwelda kwecandelo lentsimbi engagqwaliyo kunye nokuveliswa kwenxalenye yesakhiwo samandla enyukliya. Ingakumbi ekuvelisweni kwebhetri, ukuwelda nge-laser kuye kwaba yindlela yoqhagamshelwano oluqhelekileyo.
(1) Kwishishini leemoto, ukuwelda nge-laser kusetyenziswa ukudibanisa iiphaneli zomzimba, izinto zenjini kunye nezinye izinto ezibalulekileyo. Umzekelo, ii-fiber lasers zisetyenziselwa ukuwelda ngokuchanekileyo kwezinto zentsimbi ezinamandla aphezulu, zenze amalungu aqinileyo nahlala ixesha elide.
(2) Kwishishini le-elektroniki, ukuwelda nge-laser kusetyenziswa kuqhagamshelo oluchanekileyo lwezixhobo ezincinci nezibuthathaka. Umzekelo, ii-diode lasers zisetyenziselwa ukuwelda iiseli zebhetri kwiibhetri ze-lithium-ion, ukuqinisekisa ukuthembeka koqhagamshelo lombane.
(3) Kwishishini leenqwelo-moya, iBoeing 787 Dreamliner isebenzisa iteknoloji yokuwelda nge-laser ukudibanisa i-titanium alloys kunye nezinto ezidityanisiweyo, nto leyo enciphisa kakhulu inani lee-rivets, yehlisa ubunzima be-fuselage kwaye iphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwepetroli.
Ukwenziwa kweLaser Additive
Ukwenziwa kwezinto ezongeziweyo nge-laser (oko kukuthi, ukuprinta nge-laser 3D) kufezekisa ukufakwa kwezakhiwo ezintsonkothileyo ngokulandelelana ngokunyibilikisa umgubo okanye izinto zentambo ngokulandelelana, nto leyo emele utshintsho lweendlela zokwenza izinto ukusuka "ekuveliseni izinto ezithatha indawo" ukuya "ekuveliseni izinto ezongeziweyo".Iinkqubo zokuvelisa izongezo ezisekelwe kwi-laser, njengokunyibilikisa i-laser ekhethiweyo (SLM) kunye nokufakwa kwesinyithi ngqo (DMD), ziyakwazi ukuvelisa izinto zesinyithi ezintsonkothileyo ngocoselelo oluphezulu kunye namandla aphezulu. Xa kuthelekiswa nokucubungula kwendabuko, ukuveliswa kwe-laser additive kunokufezekisa uyilo oludibeneyo kunye nolukhaphukhaphu lwezakhiwo ezintsonkothileyo ngelixa kugcinwa amandla ezinto.
(1) Kwimveliso yeemoto, izinto ze-titanium alloy zeemoto zomdyarho zeFerrari F1 zenziwa kusetyenziswa iteknoloji yokwenziwa kwe-laser additive, eyonyusa ukumelana nobushushu kunye namandla eenxalenye kwaye iphucule uyilo lwe-aerodynamic lweemoto zomdyarho.
(2) Kwishishini lezonyango, imveliso yokongeza esekwe kwi-laser isetyenziselwa ukuvelisa ii-implants kunye nee-prosthetics ezenzelwe wena.
(3) Kwishishini leenqwelo-moya, imveliso yokongeza esekwe kwi-laser isetyenziswa ekuvelisweni kwezinto ezintsonkothileyo ezifana neebhlade zeturbine kunye neempumlo zamafutha.
Isiphelo
Njengentsika ebalulekileyo yokwenziwa kwemveliso okuphucukileyo, iteknoloji yelaser iyaqhubeka nokwandisa imida yayo yezicelo zoshishino. Okwangoku, ukucubungula ilaser kukwaphuhliswa kumandla aphezulu, ukuchaneka okuphezulu kunye nokudibanisa iinkqubo ezininzi, ezifanaukuwelda nge-laser-arc hybrid, iinkqubo zokubeka esweni ezikhawulezayo kakhulu ze-laser micromachining kunye neenkqubo zokubeka esweni ezikrelekrele ze-laser. Kwixesha elizayo, ngokuqhubela phambili okuqhubekayo kwe-laser ze-semiconductor ezinamandla aphezulu, iinkqubo zolawulo ezikrelekrele kunye neengcamango zokwenza izinto eziluhlaza, ukucutshungulwa kwe-laser kuya kuqhubeka nokudlala indima ephambili kwiindawo ezifana nokuvelisa izinto ezikrelekrele, iimveliso ezenzelwe wena kunye nokucutshungulwa kwezinto ezigqithisileyo.
Ixesha leposi: Jan-07-2026
