01 Ukuwelda kwe-hybrid ye-laser-arc hybrid plate etyebileyo
Ukuwelda kwepleyiti etyebileyo (ubude obuyi-≥ 20mm) kudlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuvelisweni kwezixhobo ezinkulu kwiindawo ezibalulekileyo ezifana neenqwelo-moya, ukuhamba ngenqanawa kunye nokwakha iinqanawa, ukuthuthwa koololiwe, njl. Ezi zinto zihlala zibonakaliswa bubukhulu obukhulu, iifom ezidibeneyo ezintsonkothileyo, kunye neendawo zenkonzo ezintsonkothileyo. Umgangatho wokuwelda unefuthe ngqo ekusebenzeni nasekusebenzeni kwezixhobo. Ngenxa yesantya esicothayo sokuwelda kunye neengxaki ezinkulu zokuchitha, indlela yokuwelda ekhuselweyo ngegesi yendabuko ijongene nemingeni efana nokusebenza kakuhle kokuwelda, ukusetyenziswa kwamandla aphezulu, kunye noxinzelelo olukhulu olushiyekileyo, okwenza kube nzima ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zokuvelisa ezikhulayo. Nangona kunjalo, iteknoloji yokuwelda ye-laser-arc hybrid yahlukile kwiteknoloji yokuwelda yendabuko. Idibanisa ngempumelelo izibonelelo zeukuwelda nge-laserkunye ne-arc welding, kwaye ineempawu zobunzulu obukhulu bokungena, isantya sokudibanisa esikhawulezayo, ukusebenza kakuhle okuphezulu kunye nomgangatho ongcono weld, njengoko kubonisiwe kuMfanekiso 1. Ke ngoko, obu buchwephesha butsale ingqalelo enkulu kwaye buqalile ukusetyenziswa kwezinye iindawo eziphambili.
Umfanekiso 1 Umgaqo wokuwelda nge-laser-arc hybrid welding
02Uphando malunga nokuwelda kwe-laser-arc hybrid yeepleyiti ezixineneyo
I-Norwegian Institute of Industrial Technology kunye neLule University of Technology eSweden zifunde ukuhambelana kwesakhiwo see-composite welded joints ezingaphantsi kwe-15kW ze-45mm ubukhulu be-micro-alloy high-strength low-alloy steel. IYunivesithi yase-Osaka kunye ne-Egypt's Central Metallurgical Research Institute zisebenzise i-20kW fiber laser ukwenza uphando ngenkqubo ye-single-pass laser-arc hybrid welding yee-thick plates (25mm), zisebenzisa i-bottom liner ukusombulula ingxaki ye-bottom hump. I-Danish Force Technology Company isebenzise ii-laser ezimbini ze-16 kW disk ngokulandelelana ukwenza uphando nge-hybrid welding yee-40mm ubukhulu be-steel plates kwi-32 kW, nto leyo ebonisa ukuba i-high-power laser-arc welding kulindeleke ukuba isetyenziswe kwi-offshore wind power tower base welding, njengoko kubonisiwe kuMfanekiso 2. I-Harbin Welding Co., Ltd. yeyokuqala kweli lizwe ukuba yingcali kwitekhnoloji engundoqo kunye netekhnoloji yokudibanisa izixhobo ze-high-power solid laser-melting electrode arc hybrid heat source welding. Lixesha lokuqala ukusebenzisa ngempumelelo iteknoloji ye-arc hybrid welding kunye nezixhobo ze-laser-dual-wire melting electrode kunye nezixhobo kwizixhobo eziphezulu kwilizwe lam.
Umfanekiso 2. Umzobo woyilo lofakelo lwelaser
Ngokwemeko yophando lwangoku lwe-laser-arc hybrid welding yeeplate ezixineneyo ekhaya nakwamanye amazwe, kunokubonwa ukuba indibaniselwano yendlela ye-laser-arc hybrid welding kunye ne-narrow gap groove inokufezekisa i-welding yeeplate ezixineneyo. Xa amandla e-laser enyuka aye ngaphezulu kwe-10,000 watts, phantsi kokukhanya kwe-laser enamandla aphezulu, indlela yokwenza umphunga wezinto, inkqubo yokusebenzisana phakathi kwe-laser kunye ne-plasma, imeko ezinzileyo yokuhamba kwedama elinyibilikisiweyo, indlela yokudlulisa ubushushu, kunye nendlela yokwenza i-metallurgical ye-weld Utshintsho luya kwenzeka kumanqanaba ahlukeneyo. Njengoko amandla enyuka aye ngaphezulu kwe-10,000 watts, ukwanda koxinano lwamandla kuya kuqinisa inqanaba lokufuma kwindawo ekufutshane nomngxuma omncinci, kwaye amandla okubuya kwakhona aya kuchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo ukuzinza komngxuma omncinci kunye nokuhamba kwedama elinyibilikisiweyo, ngaloo ndlela kuchaphazele inkqubo yokufakela. Utshintsho lunempembelelo engathandekiyo ekusetyenzisweni kwe-laser kunye neenkqubo zayo zokufakela i-composite welding. Ezi mpawu zibalulekileyo kwinkqubo yokufakela i-welding zibonisa ngokuthe ngqo okanye ngokungathanga ngqo ukuzinza kwenkqubo yokufakela i-welding ukuya kwinqanaba elithile, kwaye zinokumisela nomgangatho we-weld. Isiphumo sokudibanisa imithombo emibini yobushushu ye-laser kunye ne-arc sinokwenza imithombo emibini yobushushu inike amandla apheleleyo kwiimpawu zayo kwaye ifumane iziphumo ezingcono zokuwelda kune-single laser welding kunye ne-arc welding. Xa kuthelekiswa nendlela ye-laser autogenous welding, le ndlela yokuwelda ineengenelo zokuzivumelanisa nezikhewu ezinamandla kunye nobukhulu obukhulu obunokuwelda. Xa kuthelekiswa nendlela ye-laser gap ethe tyaba yokuwelda ye-laser wire filling welding yeepleyiti ezixineneyo, ineengenelo zokusebenza kakuhle kokunyibilika kwentambo kunye nesiphumo esihle sokudibanisa i-groove. Ukongeza, ukutsala kwe-laser kwi-arc kuphucula uzinzo lwe-arc, okwenza i-laser-arc hybrid welding ikhawuleze kune-arc welding yendabuko kunyeukuwelda ucingo lwe-laser filler, kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kokuwelda okuphezulu.
03 Isicelo sokuwelda se-laser-arc hybrid esinamandla aphezulu
Itekhnoloji yokuwelda ye-laser-arc hybrid enamandla aphezulu isetyenziswa kakhulu kushishino lokwakha iinqanawa. I-Meyer Shipyard eJamani iseke umgca wemveliso yokuwelda ye-laser-arc hybrid ye-12kW CO2 yeepleyiti ezisicaba kunye neziqinisi ukuze kufezekiswe ukwakheka kwe-20m long fillet welds ngexesha elinye kwaye kuncitshiswe inqanaba lokuguquguquka nge-2/3. I-GE iphuhlise inkqubo yokuwelda ye-fiber laser-arc hybrid enamandla aphezulu e-20kW ukuwelda i-USS Saratoga aircraft carrier, isindisa iitoni ezingama-800 zesinyithi sokuwelda kwaye inciphise iiyure zomsebenzi ngama-80%, njengoko kubonisiwe kuMfanekiso 3. I-CSSC 725 isebenzisa inkqubo yokuwelda ye-20kW fiber laser high-power laser-arc hybrid, enokunciphisa ukuguquguquka kwe-welding ngama-60% kwaye inyuse ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-welding ngama-300%. I-Shanghai Waigaoqiao Shipyard isebenzisa inkqubo yokuwelda ye-16kW fiber laser high-power laser-arc hybrid. Umgca wemveliso usebenzisa itekhnoloji entsha yenkqubo ye-laser hybrid welding + MAG welding ukuze kufezekiswe i-single-side single-pass welding kunye ne-double-side forming of 4-25mm thick plates. Itekhnoloji ye-high-power laser-arc hybrid welding isetyenziswa kakhulu kwizithuthi ezixhobileyo. Iimpawu zayo ze-welding zezi: i-welding yezakhiwo zesinyithi ezinkulu ezinobukhulu obuphezulu, ixabiso eliphantsi, kunye nemveliso esebenza kakuhle.
Umfanekiso 3. Inqwelo moya ye-USS Sara Toga
Itekhnoloji yokuwelda ye-laser-arc hybrid enamandla aphezulu iqale yasetyenziswa kwezinye iindawo zoshishino kwaye iya kuba yindlela ebalulekileyo yokwenza ngempumelelo izakhiwo ezinkulu ezinobukhulu obuphakathi nobukhulu bodonga. Okwangoku, kukho ukunqongophala kophando malunga nendlela yokuwelda ye-laser-arc hybrid enamandla aphezulu, ekufuneka iqiniswe ngakumbi, njengokunxibelelana phakathi kwe-photoplasma kunye ne-arc kunye nokusebenzisana phakathi kwe-arc kunye nedama elinyibilikisiweyo. Kusekho iingxaki ezininzi ezingasonjululwanga kwinkqubo yokuwelda ye-laser-arc hybrid enamandla aphezulu, njengefestile yenkqubo encinci, iipropati ezingalinganiyo zesakhiwo se-weld, kunye nolawulo lomgangatho we-welding oluyinkimbinkimbi. Njengoko amandla okukhupha ee-laser zezinga loshishino esanda kancinci, itekhnoloji yokuwelda ye-laser-arc hybrid enamandla aphezulu iya kukhula ngokukhawuleza, kwaye iintlobo ngeentlobo zobuchwepheshe obutsha be-laser hybrid welding ziya kuqhubeka zivela. Indawo, ubungakanani obukhulu kunye nokuqonda kuya kuba ziindlela ezibalulekileyo ekuphuhlisweni kwezixhobo zokuwelda ze-laser ezinamandla aphezulu kwixesha elizayo.
Ixesha leposi: Epreli-24-2024
