Itekhnoloji yokwenziwa kwe-laser additive manufacturing (AM), kunye neenzuzo zayo zokuchaneka okuphezulu kokwenziwa, ukuguquguquka okunamandla, kunye nenqanaba eliphezulu lokuzenzekelayo, isetyenziswa kakhulu ekuvelisweni kwezinto ezibalulekileyo kwiinkalo ezifana neemoto, ezonyango, i-aerospace, njl.njl. (ezifana nee-nozzles ze-rocket fuel, ii-brackets ze-antenna zesathelayithi, ii-implants zabantu, njl.njl.). Le teknoloji inokuphucula kakhulu ukusebenza okudibeneyo kweendawo eziprintiweyo ngokwenziwa okudibeneyo kwesakhiwo sezinto kunye nokusebenza. Okwangoku, itekhnoloji yokwenziwa kwe-laser additive ngokubanzi isebenzisa umqadi weGaussian ogxile kwindawo ephezulu kunye nokusasazwa kwamandla asezantsi. Nangona kunjalo, ihlala ivelisa ii-gradients eziphezulu zobushushu kwi-melt, nto leyo ekhokelela ekwakhekeni okulandelayo kwee-pores kunye neenkozo ezirhabaxa. Itekhnoloji yokwakheka kwe-beam yindlela entsha yokusombulula le ngxaki, ephucula ukusebenza kakuhle kokuprinta kunye nomgangatho ngokulungelelanisa ukusasazwa kwamandla e-laser beam.
Xa kuthelekiswa nokukhupha kwendabuko kunye nokuvelisa okulinganayo, iteknoloji yokuvelisa izongezo zesinyithi ineengenelo ezifana nexesha elifutshane lomjikelo wokuvelisa, ukuchaneka okuphezulu kokucubungula, izinga eliphezulu lokusetyenziswa kwezinto, kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kweendawo. Ke ngoko, iteknoloji yokuvelisa izongezo zesinyithi isetyenziswa kakhulu kumashishini afana neenqwelo moya, izixhobo kunye nezixhobo, amandla enyukliya, amayeza e-biopharmaceuticals, kunye neemoto. Ngokusekelwe kumgaqo wokubeka izinto ezahlukeneyo, imveliso yokongeza isinyithi isebenzisa umthombo wamandla (njenge-laser, i-arc, okanye i-electron beam) ukunyibilikisa umgubo okanye ucingo, ize emva koko izibeke ngokulandelelana ukuze zenze icandelo ekujoliswe kulo. Le teknoloji ineengenelo ezibalulekileyo ekuveliseni iibhetshi ezincinci, izakhiwo ezintsonkothileyo, okanye iindawo ezenzelwe wena. Izixhobo ezingenakuba okanye ezinzima ukuzicubungula kusetyenziswa iindlela zemveli nazo zifanelekile ukulungiselela kusetyenziswa iindlela zokuvelisa izongezo. Ngenxa yeengenelo ezingentla, iteknoloji yokuvelisa izongezo itsale ingqalelo ebanzi kwiingcali zasekhaya nakwamanye amazwe. Kwiminyaka embalwa edlulileyo, iteknoloji yokuvelisa izongezo yenze inkqubela phambili ngokukhawuleza. Ngenxa yokwenza ngokuzenzekelayo kunye nokuguquguquka kwezixhobo zokuvelisa izongezo ze-laser, kunye neengenelo ezipheleleyo zobuninzi bamandla e-laser kunye nokuchaneka okuphezulu kokucubungula, iteknoloji yokuvelisa izongezo ze-laser iphuhlise eyona ikhawulezayo phakathi kweendlela ezintathu zokuvelisa izongezo zesinyithi ezikhankanyiweyo apha ngasentla.
Itekhnoloji yokwenziwa kwesinyithi esongeziweyo selaser inokwahlulwahlulwa ngakumbi ibe yi-LPBF kunye ne-DED. Umfanekiso 1 ubonisa umzobo oqhelekileyo wesicwangciso seenkqubo ze-LPBF kunye ne-DED. Inkqubo ye-LPBF, eyaziwa ngokuba yi-Selective Laser Melting (SLM), inokuvelisa izinto zesinyithi ezintsonkothileyo ngokuskena imiqadi yelaser enamandla aphezulu ecaleni kwendlela emiselweyo kumphezulu webhedi yomgubo. Emva koko, umgubo uyanyibilika kwaye uqine umaleko ngomaleko. Inkqubo ye-DED ibandakanya ikakhulu iinkqubo ezimbini zokuprinta: ukufakwa kwe-laser melting kunye nokuveliswa kwe-laser wire feeding additive. Zombini ezi teknoloji zinokwenza ngokuthe ngqo kwaye zilungise iindawo zesinyithi ngokutyisa umgubo wesinyithi okanye ucingo ngexesha elinye. Xa kuthelekiswa ne-LPBF, i-DED inomsebenzi ophezulu kunye nendawo enkulu yokuvelisa. Ukongeza, le ndlela inokulungiselela ngokulula izinto ezidityanisiweyo kunye nezinto ezilinganiswe ngokusebenza. Nangona kunjalo, umgangatho womphezulu weendawo eziprintiweyo yi-DED uhlala uphantsi, kwaye ukucubungula okulandelayo kuyadingeka ukuphucula ukuchaneka kobukhulu becandelo ekujoliswe kulo.
Kwinkqubo yokwenziwa kwe-laser additive, i-Gaussian beam egxile kuyo idla ngokuba ngumthombo wamandla. Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yokusasazwa kwayo kwamandla okwahlukileyo (embindini ophezulu, ezantsi), kusenokwenzeka ukuba ibangele ubushushu obuphezulu kunye nokungazinzi kwedama elinyibilikayo. Oku kubangela umgangatho ophantsi wokwakheka kweendawo eziprintiweyo. Ukongeza, ukuba ubushushu obuphakathi kwidama elinyibilikisiweyo buphezulu kakhulu, kuya kubangela ukuba izinto zesinyithi ezisezantsi zokunyibilika zitshise, nto leyo eyandisa ngakumbi ukungazinzi kwenkqubo ye-LPF. Ke ngoko, ngokwanda kwe-porosity, iipropati zoomatshini kunye nobomi bokudinwa kweendawo eziprintiweyo zincitshiswa kakhulu. Ukusasazwa kwamandla okungalingani kweendawo eziprintiweyo kukwakhokelela ekusebenzeni kakuhle kwamandla e-laser kunye nenkunkuma yamandla amaninzi. Ukuze kufezekiswe umgangatho ongcono wokuprinta, iingcali ziqalise ukuphonononga ukuhlawula iziphene zeendawo eziprintiweyo ngokutshintsha iiparameter zenkqubo ezifana namandla e-laser, isantya sokuskena, ubukhulu beleyara yomgubo, kunye necebo lokuskena, ukuze kulawulwe amathuba okufakwa kwamandla. Ngenxa yefestile encinci yokucubungula yale ndlela, imida emiselweyo yomzimba ithintela amathuba okwenziwa ngcono ngakumbi. Umzekelo, ukonyusa amandla e-laser kunye nesantya sokuskena kunokufezekisa ukusebenza kakuhle kwemveliso, kodwa kudla ngokubiza ixabiso lokunciphisa umgangatho wokuprinta. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, ukutshintsha ukusasazwa kwamandla e-laser ngokusebenzisa amaqhinga okubumba imisebe kunokuphucula kakhulu ukusebenza kakuhle kwemveliso kunye nomgangatho wokuprinta, okunokuba yindlela yophuhliso lwexesha elizayo lwetekhnoloji yokuvelisa izongezo ze-laser. Itekhnoloji yokuguqula imisebe ngokubanzi ibhekisa ekulungiseni ukusasazwa kwe-wavefront ye-input beam ukuze kufunyanwe usasazo olufunekayo kunye neempawu zokusasazeka. Ukusetyenziswa kwetekhnoloji yokuguqula imisebe kwitekhnoloji yokuvelisa izongezo zesinyithi kuboniswe kuMfanekiso 2.
Ukusetyenziswa kwetekhnoloji yokubumba imiqadi kwimveliso yokongeza kwi-laser
Iintsilelo zokuprinta imiqadi yendabuko yeGaussian
Kwiteknoloji yokwenziwa kwe-laser yesinyithi, ukusasazwa kwamandla kwe-laser beam kunempembelelo enkulu kumgangatho weendawo eziprintiweyo. Nangona imiqadi yeGaussian isetyenziswa kakhulu kwizixhobo zokwenziwa kwe-laser yesinyithi, ineengxaki ezinkulu ezifana nomgangatho wokuprinta ongazinzile, ukusetyenziswa kwamandla aphantsi, kunye neefestile zenkqubo ezimxinwa kwinkqubo yokwenziwa kwe-additive. Phakathi kwazo, inkqubo yokunyibilika kwe-powder kunye ne-dynamics yedama elinyibilikisiweyo ngexesha lenkqubo ye-additive ye-laser yesinyithi zinxulumene kakhulu nobukhulu be-powder layer. Ngenxa yokubakho kwe-powder splashing kunye neendawo zokukhukuliseka, ubukhulu bokwenyani be-powder layer buphezulu kunolindelo lwethiyori. Okwesibini, ikholamu yomphunga ibangele i-backward jet splashes eziphambili. Umphunga wesinyithi ungqubana nodonga olungasemva ukuze wenze i-splashes, ezitshizwa eludongeni olungaphambili zithe nkqo kwindawo egobileyo yedama elinyibilikisiweyo (njengoko kubonisiwe kuMfanekiso 3). Ngenxa yokusebenzisana okuntsonkothileyo phakathi kwe-laser beam kunye ne-splashes, i-splashes ekhutshiweyo inokuchaphazela kakhulu umgangatho wokuprinta we-powder layers ezilandelayo. Ukongeza, ukwakheka kwe-keyholes kwi-melt pool nako kuchaphazela kakhulu umgangatho weendawo eziprintiweyo. Iimbobo zangaphakathi zento eprintiweyo zibangelwa kakhulu yimingxunya yokutshixa engazinzile.
Indlela yokwakheka kweziphene kwitekhnoloji yokubumba imiqadi
Itekhnoloji yokubumba imiqadi inokufezekisa uphuculo lokusebenza kwiimilinganiselo ezininzi ngaxeshanye, nto leyo eyahlukileyo kwimiqadi yeGaussian ephucula ukusebenza kwimilinganiselo enye ngexabiso lokuncama eminye imilinganiselo. Itekhnoloji yokubumba imiqadi inokulungisa ngokuchanekileyo ukusasazwa kobushushu kunye neempawu zokuhamba kwamanzi echibini elinyibilikayo. Ngokulawula ukusasazwa kwamandla elaser, ichibi elinyibilikisiweyo elizinzileyo eline-gradient encinci yobushushu liyafumaneka. Ukusasazwa kwamandla elaser okufanelekileyo kuluncedo ekuthinteleni ukubola kunye neziphene zokutshiza, kunye nokuphucula umgangatho wokuprinta ngelaser kwiindawo zesinyithi. Ingafezekisa uphuculo olwahlukeneyo ekusebenzeni kakuhle kwemveliso kunye nokusetyenziswa komgubo. Kwangaxeshanye, itekhnoloji yokubumba imiqadi isinika amaqhinga okucubungula ngakumbi, ikhulula kakhulu inkululeko yoyilo lwenkqubo, oluyinkqubela phambili eguqukayo kwitekhnoloji yokuvelisa izongezo zelaser.
Ixesha leposi: Feb-28-2024
