Indlela ye-welding ye-double-beam iyacetywa, ngokukodwa ukusombulula ukulungelelanisawelding laserukuchaneka kwendibano, ukuphucula ukuzinza kwenkqubo yokuwelda, kunye nokuphucula umgangatho we-weld, ngakumbi kwi-welding plate kunye ne-aluminium alloy welding. Ukuwelda kwe-laser kabini kunokusebenzisa iindlela zamehlo ukwahlula i-laser efanayo kwimiqadi emibini yokukhanya yokuwelda. Iyakwazi ukusebenzisa iindidi ezimbini ezahlukeneyo ze-lasers ukudibanisa, i-CO2 laser, i-Nd: i-YAG laser kunye ne-high-power semiconductor laser. inokudityaniswa. Ngokutshintsha amandla e-beam, izithuba zemiqadi, kunye nepateni yokuhambisa amandla kwimiqadi emibini, intsimi yobushushu be-welding inokulungelelaniswa ngokufanelekileyo nangokuguquguqukayo, ukutshintsha ipateni yobukho bemingxuma kunye nepateni yokuhamba kwesinyithi solwelo echibini elityhidiweyo. , ukubonelela ngesisombululo esingcono kwinkqubo ye-welding. Indawo enkulu yokukhetha ayihambelani ne-single-beam laser welding. Ayinayo nje inzuzo yokungena kwe-laser ye-welding enkulu, isantya esikhawulezayo kunye nokuchaneka okuphezulu, kodwa ikwazi ukuguquguquka okukhulu kwizinto kunye namalungu ekunzima ukuwadibanisa nge-laser welding eqhelekileyo.
Umgaqo wewelding laser kabini-beam
I-welding ye-double-beam ithetha ukusebenzisa imiqadi ye-laser emibini ngexesha elifanayo ngexesha lenkqubo ye-welding. Ukulungelelaniswa kwe-beam, isithuba se-boam, i-engile phakathi kweeplanga ezimbini, indawo ekugxilwe kuyo kunye nomlinganiselo wamandla eemitha zombini zizo zonke izicwangciso ezifanelekileyo kwi-double-beam laser welding. ipharamitha. Ngokuqhelekileyo, ngexesha lenkqubo ye-welding, kukho iindlela ezimbini zokucwangcisa imiqadi ephindwe kabini. Njengoko kuboniswe kumzobo, enye ihlelwe ngokulandelelana kunye nolwalathiso lwe-welding. Eli lungiselelo linokunciphisa izinga lokupholisa kwedama elinyibilikisiweyo. Ukunciphisa ukuthambekela kokuqina kwe-weld kunye nesizukulwana se-pores. Enye kukuzicwangcisa icala ngecala okanye ngokunqamlezileyo kumacala omabini e-weld ukuphucula ukuguquguquka kwi-gap ye-weld.
Umgaqo wokuwelda we-laser kabini
I-welding ye-double-beam ithetha ukusebenzisa imiqadi ye-laser emibini ngexesha elifanayo ngexesha lenkqubo ye-welding. Ukulungelelaniswa kwe-beam, isithuba se-boam, i-engile phakathi kweeplanga ezimbini, indawo ekugxilwe kuyo kunye nomlinganiselo wamandla eemitha zombini zizo zonke izicwangciso ezifanelekileyo kwi-double-beam laser welding. ipharamitha. Ngokuqhelekileyo, ngexesha lenkqubo ye-welding, kukho iindlela ezimbini zokucwangcisa imiqadi ephindwe kabini. Njengoko kuboniswe kumzobo, enye ihlelwe ngokulandelelana kunye nolwalathiso lwe-welding. Eli lungiselelo linokunciphisa izinga lokupholisa kwedama elinyibilikisiweyo. Ukunciphisa ukuthambekela kokuqina kwe-weld kunye nesizukulwana se-pores. Enye kukuzicwangcisa icala ngecala okanye ngokunqamlezileyo kumacala omabini e-weld ukuphucula ukuguquguquka kwi-gap ye-weld.
Kwinkqubo yokuwelda i-laser elungiselelwe i-tandem elungiselelwe i-dual-beam, kukho iindlela ezintathu ezahlukeneyo zokuwelda ngokuxhomekeke kumgama ophakathi kwemiqadi yangaphambili nangasemva, njengoko kubonisiwe kulo mfanekiso ungezantsi.
1. Kuhlobo lokuqala lwe-welding mechanism, umgama phakathi kweemitha ezimbini zokukhanya mkhulu. Enye i-beam yokukhanya inobuninzi obukhulu bamandla kwaye igxininise kumphezulu we-workpiece ukuvelisa i-keyholes kwi-welding; omnye umtha wokukhanya unoxinano lwamandla amancinci. Isetyenziswa kuphela njengomthombo wobushushu kwi-pre-weld okanye unyango lwe-post-weld. Ukusebenzisa le ndlela ye-welding, isantya sokupholisa se-welding pool inokulawulwa ngaphakathi koluhlu oluthile, oluluncedo ekudibaniseni ezinye izinto ezinobuntu obuphezulu be-crack, njenge-carbon steel high, i-alloy steel, njl., kwaye inokuphucula ukuqina. ye weld.
2. Kudidi lwesibini lwe-welding mechanism, umgama ogxininiswe phakathi kwezibane zokukhanya ezimbini uncinci. Imiqadi emibini yokukhanya ivelisa izitshixo ezimbini ezizimeleyo kwidama le-welding, elitshintsha ipateni yokuhamba kwentsimbi engamanzi kwaye incede ekuthinteleni ukubanjwa. Inokuphelisa ukwenzeka kweziphene ezifana nemiphetho kunye ne-weld bead bulges kunye nokuphucula ukubunjwa kwe-weld.
3. Kudidi lwesithathu lwe-welding mechanism, umgama phakathi kweemitha ezimbini zokukhanya uncinci kakhulu. Ngeli xesha, imisebe yokukhanya emibini ivelisa umngxuma wesitshixo ofanayo kwidama le-welding. Xa kuthelekiswa ne-single-beam laser welding, ngenxa yokuba ubukhulu be-keyhole buba bukhulu kwaye akukho lula ukuvala, inkqubo ye-welding izinzile kwaye igesi ilula ukuyikhupha, enenzuzo ekunciphiseni i-pores kunye ne-spatter, kunye nokufumana okuqhubekayo, okufanayo kunye iiweld ezintle.
Ngethuba lenkqubo ye-welding, imiqadi emibini ye-laser nayo inokwenziwa kwi-angle ethile komnye nomnye. Indlela yokudibanisa i-welding ifana ne-parallel double beam welding mechanism. Iziphumo zovavanyo zibonisa ukuba ngokusebenzisa ii-OO ezimbini ezinamandla amakhulu kunye ne-angle ye-30 ° komnye nomnye kunye nomgama we-1 ~ 2mm, i-laser beam inokufumana i-keyhole efana ne-funnel. Ubungakanani be-keyhole bukhulu kwaye buzinzile, obunokuphucula ngokufanelekileyo umgangatho we-welding. Kwizicelo ezisebenzayo, ukudityaniswa kweendlela ezimbini zokukhanya kunokutshintshwa ngokweemeko ezahlukeneyo ze-welding ukufezekisa iinkqubo ezahlukeneyo ze-welding.
6. Indlela yokuphumeza i-double-beam laser welding
Ukufumana imiqadi ephindwe kabini kunokufunyanwa ngokudibanisa imiqadi emibini eyahlukeneyo yelaser, okanye intsimbi enye yelaser inokwahlulwa ibe yimiqadi emibini yelaser yokuwelda kusetyenziswa inkqubo ye-optical spectrometry. Ukwahlula isibane sokukhanya sibe yimiqadi emibini yelaser ehambelanayo yamagunya ahlukeneyo, i-spectroscope okanye inkqubo ethile ekhethekileyo yamehlo ingasetyenziswa. Umfanekiso ubonisa imizobo emibini ecwangcisiweyo yemigaqo yokwahlula ukukhanya kusetyenziswa izibuko ezigqamileyo njengezahluli zemitha.
Ukongezelela, i-reflector ingasetyenziselwa njenge-beam splitter, kwaye i-reflector yokugqibela kwindlela ye-optical ingasetyenziswa njenge-beam splitter. Olu hlobo lokubonisa lukwabizwa ngokuba yi-roof-type reflector. Umphezulu wayo obonakalisayo awungomphezulu osicaba, kodwa uquka iindiza ezimbini. Umgca we-intersection weendawo ezimbini ezibonisayo zibekwe phakathi kwendawo yesibuko, efana ne-roof ridge, njengoko kuboniswe kumzobo. I-beam yokukhanya okuhambelanayo ikhanya kwi-spectroscope, ibonakaliswe ngeenqwelomoya ezimbini kwii-angles ezahlukeneyo ukuze zenze izibane ezimbini zokukhanya, kwaye zikhanyise kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zesibuko esigxininisa. Emva kokugxininisa, izibane ezimbini zokukhanya zifumaneka kumgama othile kumphezulu we-workpiece. Ngokutshintsha i-angle phakathi kweendawo ezimbini ezibonisa indawo kunye nendawo yophahla, iiplanga zokukhanya eziqhekezayo kunye nemigama ehlukeneyo yokugxila kunye namalungiselelo angafumaneka.
Xa usebenzisa iintlobo ezimbini ezahlukeneyo zeimiqadi laser to yenza umqadi ophindwe kabini, zininzi iindibaniselwano. I-laser ye-CO2 ephezulu kunye nokusabalalisa amandla e-Gaussian ingasetyenziselwa umsebenzi oyintloko we-welding, kunye ne-laser semiconductor ene-rectangular energy distribution ingasetyenziselwa ukuncedisa kumsebenzi wokushisa ukushisa. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, le ndibaniselwano inoqoqosho ngakumbi. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, amandla eemitha ezimbini zokukhanya angalungiswa ngokuzimeleyo. Kwiifom ezidibeneyo ezidibeneyo, intsimi yokushisa ehlengahlengiswayo inokufumaneka ngokulungelelanisa indawo edibeneyo ye-laser kunye ne-laser semiconductor, efanelekileyo kakhulu kwi-welding. Ulawulo lwenkqubo. Ukongeza, i-laser ye-YAG kunye ne-CO2 laser inokudityaniswa ibe ngumqadi ophindwe kabini wokuwelda, i-laser eqhubekayo kunye ne-laser ye-pulse inokudityaniswa kwi-welding, kunye ne-beam egxininisiweyo kunye ne-defocused beam inokudityaniswa ukuwelda.
7. Umgaqo we-laser welding welding kabini
3.1 I-laser ye-laser ye-double-beam ye-galvanized sheets
Ishiti lentsimbi ekhandiweyo yeyona nto isetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo kushishino lweemoto. Indawo yokunyibilika kwentsimbi imalunga ne-1500°C, ngelixa iqondo lokubila le-zinc lingama-906°C kuphela. Ngoko ke, xa usebenzisa indlela ye-welding ye-fusion, umthamo omkhulu we-zinc vapor uvame ukuveliswa, obangela ukuba inkqubo ye-welding ingazinzi. , ukwenza iipores kwi-weld. Kwimijikelezo ye-lap, i-volatilization ye-galvanized layer ayenzeki kuphela kwiindawo eziphezulu kunye nezantsi, kodwa iphinda ivele kwindawo edibeneyo. Ngexesha lenkqubo ye-welding, umphunga we-zinc ukhupha ngokukhawuleza kumphezulu wedama elinyibilikisiweyo kwezinye iindawo, ngelixa kwezinye iindawo kunzima ukuba umphunga we-zinc uphume kwi-pool etyhidiweyo. Kumphezulu we-pool, umgangatho we-welding awuzinzile kakhulu.
Ukuwelda kwelaser okuphindwe kabini kunokusombulula iingxaki zomgangatho wokuwelda ezibangelwa ngumphunga we-zinc. Enye indlela kukulawula ubukho bexesha kunye nesantya sokupholisa sedama elinyibilikisiweyo ngokuthelekisa ngokufanelekileyo amandla emiqadi emibini ukuququzelela ukuphuma komphunga we-zinc; enye indlela kukukhulula umphunga we-zinc ngokugqobhoza kwangaphambili okanye ukugoba. Njengoko kuboniswe kuMfanekiso 6-31, i-CO2 laser isetyenziselwa i-welding. I-laser ye-YAG iphambi kwe-CO2 laser kwaye isetyenziselwa ukubhoboza imingxuma okanye ukusika i-grooves. Imingxuma esele yenziwe ngaphambili okanye i-grooves ibonelela ngendlela yokuphunyuka komphunga we-zinc owenziwe ngexesha le-welding elandelayo, ukuthintela ukuba uhlale kwi-pool etyhidiweyo kunye nokwenza iziphene.
3.2 I-laser ye-laser ephindwe kabini ye-alloy ye-aluminium
Ngenxa yeempawu ezikhethekileyo zokusebenza kwezixhobo ze-aluminium alloy, kukho ubunzima obulandelayo ekusebenziseni i-laser welding [39]: i-alloy ye-aluminium inezinga eliphantsi lokufunxa i-laser, kunye nokubonakala kokuqala kwe-CO2 laser beam surface kudlula i-90%; i-aluminium alloy laser welding seams kulula ukuvelisa i-Porosity, iintanda; ukutshiswa kwezinto ze-alloy ngexesha le-welding, njl. Xa usebenzisa i-laser welding enye, kunzima ukuseka i-keyhole kunye nokugcina uzinzo. I-laser ye-laser ye-double-beam inokunyusa ubukhulu bomngxuma wesitshixo, okwenza kube nzima ukuba i-keyhole ivale, eyinzuzo ekukhutshweni kwegesi. Kwakhona kunokunciphisa izinga lokupholisa kunye nokunciphisa ukwenzeka kwee-pores kunye nokuqhekeka kwe-welding. Ekubeni inkqubo ye-welding izinzile kwaye umthamo we-spatter uyancitshiswa, i-weld surface shape efunyenwe nge-double-beam welding ye-alloys ye-aluminium nayo ingcono kakhulu kune-single-beam welding. Umzobo 6-32 ubonisa ukubonakala komthungo we-weld we-3mm obukhulu be-aluminium alloy butt welding usebenzisa i-CO2 ye-laser ye-laser kunye ne-double-beam laser welding.
Uphando lubonisa ukuba xa ukuwelda 2mm obukhulu 5000 series aluminiyam ingxubevange, xa umgama phakathi kwemiqadi ezimbini 0.6 ~ 1.0mm, inkqubo ukuwelda uzinzile noko ukuvulwa umngxuma keyhole kwakhiwa mkhulu, nto leyo enceda ukuba ukurhabula kunye ukubaleka magnesium ngexesha. inkqubo welding. Ukuba umgama phakathi kwemiqadi emibini uncinci kakhulu, inkqubo ye-welding yomqadi omnye ayiyi kuzinza. Ukuba umgama ukhulu kakhulu, ukungena kwe-welding kuya kuchaphazeleka, njengoko kuboniswe kuMzobo 6-33. Ukongeza, umlinganiselo wamandla wemiqadi emibini nawo unempembelelo enkulu kumgangatho wokuwelda. Xa iiplanga ezimbini ezinesithuba se-0.9mm zicwangciswe ngokulandelelana kwe-welding, amandla ombane odlulileyo kufuneka anyuswe ngokufanelekileyo ukwenzela ukuba umlinganiselo wamandla wemiqadi emibini ngaphambi nangemva kokuba mkhulu kune-1: 1. Kuyanceda ukuphucula umgangatho we-welding seam, ukonyusa indawo yokunyibilika, kwaye ufumane i-welding seam egudileyo kwaye intle xa isantya sokuwelda siphezulu.
3.3 Ukuwelda kabini kwentsimbi yeepleyiti ezinobukhulu obungalinganiyo
Kwimveliso yemizi-mveliso, kuhlala kuyimfuneko ukuwelda iipleyiti zentsimbi ezimbini okanye ngaphezulu zobunzima obahlukeneyo kunye neemilo ukwenza ipleyiti edityanisiweyo. Ngokukodwa kwimveliso yemoto, ukusetyenziswa kwezithuba ezifakwe kwi-talor-welded kuya kusasazeka ngakumbi. Ngokudibanisa iipleyiti ezineenkcazo ezahlukeneyo, iingubo ezingaphezulu okanye iipropati, amandla anokwandiswa, izinto ezisetyenziswayo ziyancipha, kunye nomgangatho ophantsi. I-laser welding of plates of different thicknesses idla ngokusetyenziswa kwi-welding panel. Ingxaki enkulu kukuba iipleyiti eziza kufakwa kwi-welded kufuneka zilungiswe ngaphambili kunye nemiphetho echanekileyo kwaye iqinisekise indibano echanekileyo. Ukusetyenziswa kwe-welding ye-double-beam yeepleyiti ezinobunzima obungalinganiyo kunokutshintsha kwiinguqu ezahlukeneyo kwizithuba zeplate, i-butt joints, ubukhulu besalamane kunye nezixhobo zepleyiti. Iyakwazi ukuwelda iipleyiti ezinomphetho omkhulu kunye nokunyamezela komsantsa kunye nokuphucula isantya se-welding kunye nomgangatho we-weld.
Iiparamitha eziphambili zenkqubo ye-Shuangguangdong ye-welding ye-plate ye-tight engalinganiyo inokwahlulwa kwiiparamitha ze-welding kunye neeparitha zeeplate, njengoko kuboniswe kumfanekiso. Iiparamitha zokuwelda ziquka amandla emiqadi ezimbini laser, isantya welding, indawo ekugxilwe, ukuwelda intloko angle, umqadi ukujikeleza engile ye-double-beam butt joint kunye welding offset, njl. , njl. Indawo ekugxilwe kuyo ngokuqhelekileyo ibekwe phezu komphezulu weplate encinci ukufezekisa inkqubo ye-welding ezinzileyo nesebenzayo. I-angle ye-welding head angle idla ngokukhethwa ukuba ibe malunga ne-6. Ukuba ubukhulu bamacwecwe amabini bukhulu kakhulu, i-angle ye-welding ye-welding efanelekileyo ingasetyenziselwa, oko kukuthi, i-laser igxininiswe kwi-plate encinci, njengoko kuboniswe kumfanekiso; xa ubukhulu beplate buncinci, i-angle ye-welding yentloko engalunganga ingasetyenziswa. I-welding offset ichazwa njengomgama phakathi kokugxilwa kwelaser kunye nomda weplate eshinyeneyo. Ngokulungelelanisa i-welding offset, inani le-weld dent lingancitshiswa kwaye i-weld cross-section ifumaneka.
Xa iipleyiti ze-welding zinezikhewu ezinkulu, unokwandisa i-diameter esebenzayo yokufudumeza ngokujikeleza i-angle ye-double beam ukuze ufumane izakhono zokuzalisa i-gap elungileyo. Ububanzi bomphezulu we-weld buchongwa yi-diameter esebenzayo ye-laser ye-laser ezimbini, oko kukuthi, i-angle yokujikeleza yomqadi. Inkulu i-angle yokujikeleza, ububanzi bokufudumala kwe-double beam, kunye nobubanzi bendawo ephezulu ye-weld. Imiqadi emibini ye-laser idlala indima eyahlukileyo kwinkqubo ye-welding. Enye isetyenziswa ikakhulu ukungena kumthungo, ngelixa enye isetyenziselwa ukunyibilikisa imathiriyeli yepleyiti eshinyeneyo ukuvala isithuba. Njengoko kubonisiwe kwi-Figure 6-35, phantsi kwe-engile yokujikeleza kwe-positive (umqadi ongaphambili usebenza kwipleyiti eshinyeneyo, umqadi ongemva usebenza kwi-weld), umqadi ongaphambili usehlo kwipleyiti eshinyeneyo ukutshisa kunye nokunyibilika kwezinto, kwaye Oku kulandelayo I-laser beam idala ukungena. Umqadi wokuqala we-laser ngaphambili unokunyibilikisa ngokuyinxenye ipleyiti eshinyeneyo, kodwa unegalelo elikhulu kwinkqubo yokuwelda, kuba ayinyibiliki kuphela icala lepleyiti eshinyeneyo yokuzaliswa kwesithuba esingcono, kodwa iphinda idibanise imathiriyeli edibeneyo ukuze le miqadi ilandelayo Kulula ukudibanisa ngokusebenzisa amalunga, ukuvumela ukukhawuleza kwe-welding. Kwi-welding ye-double-beam ene-angle ejikelezayo ejikelezayo (i-beam yangaphambili isebenza kwi-weld, kunye ne-beam yangasemva isebenza kwi-plate eshinyeneyo), imiqadi emibini inesiphumo esichaseneyo. Umqadi wangaphambili unyibilikisa umdibaniso, kwaye umqadi wokugqibela unyibilikisa ipleyiti eshinyeneyo ukuyigcwalisa. umsantsa. Kule meko, umqadi ongaphambili uyafuneka ukuba udibanise ngepleyiti ebandayo, kwaye isantya se-welding sicotha kunokusebenzisa i-angle yokujikeleza kwe-boom. Kwaye ngenxa yesiphumo sokufudumeza kwangaphambili komqadi wangaphambili, umqadi wokugqibela uya kunyibilika izinto ezishinyeneyo zepleyiti phantsi kwamandla afanayo. Kule meko, amandla e-laser beam yokugqibela kufuneka ancitshiswe ngokufanelekileyo. Ngokuthelekisa, ukusebenzisa i-angle yokujikeleza kwe-boam enokunyusa ngokufanelekileyo isantya se-welding, kwaye ukusebenzisa i-angle ye-rotation angle engalunganga kunokuphumeza ukuzaliswa kwe-gap engcono. Umzobo we-6-36 ubonisa impembelelo yee-angles ezahlukeneyo zokujikeleza kwe-boam kwi-cross-section ye-weld.
3.4 Ukuwelda kwelaser kabini-beam yeepleyiti ezinkulu ezishinyeneyo Ngokuphucuka kwenqanaba lamandla elaser kunye nomgangatho womqadi, ukuwelda kwelaser yeepleyiti ezinkulu ezishinyeneyo kube yinyani. Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yokuba iilaser zamandla aphezulu zibiza kwaye ukuwelda kweepleyiti ezinkulu ezishinyeneyo zifuna intsimbi yokuzalisa, kukho imida ethile kwimveliso yokwenyani. Ukusetyenziswa kwetekhnoloji ye-laser ye-welding ye-laser ye-laser ayinako ukunyusa kuphela amandla e-laser, kodwa ikwanyusa i-diameter esebenzayo yokufudumeza, ukwandisa ukukwazi ukunyibilika ucingo lokuzalisa, ukuzinzisa i-keyhole ye-laser, ukuphucula ukuzinza kwe-welding, kunye nokuphucula umgangatho we-welding.
Ixesha lokuposa: Apr-29-2024
