1. Imizekelo yokusetyenziswa
1) Ibhodi yokudibanisa
Ngeminyaka yoo-1960, iToyota Motor Company yaqala yamkela itekhnoloji engenanto. Kukudibanisa amaphepha amabini nangaphezulu ngokuwelda uze uwafake isitampu. La maphepha anokuba nobukhulu obahlukeneyo, imathiriyeli, kunye neempawu. Ngenxa yeemfuno eziphezulu zokusebenza kwemoto kunye nemisebenzi efana nokonga amandla, ukhuseleko lokusingqongileyo, ukhuseleko lokuqhuba, njl., itekhnoloji ye-welding yokuthunga itsale umdla ngakumbi nangakumbi. Ukuwelda ipleyiti kunokusebenzisa indawo yokuwelda, i-flash butt welding,welding laser, i-hydrogen arc welding, njl.welding laserisetyenziswa ikakhulu kuphando lwangaphandle kunye nokuveliswa kwezithuba ze-tailor-welded.
Ngokuthelekisa uvavanyo kunye neziphumo zokubala, iziphumo zivumelana kakuhle, ziqinisekisa ukuchaneka kwemodeli yomthombo wokushisa. Ububanzi bomthungo we-weld phantsi kweeparitha zenkqubo ezahlukeneyo bubalwe kwaye buphuculwe ngokuthe ngcembe. Ekugqibeleni, umlinganiselo wamandla we-beam we-2: 1 wamkelwa, imiqadi ephindwe kabini yacwangciswa ngokuhambelanayo, umqadi omkhulu wamandla wawubekwe kumbindi we-weld seam, kwaye umqadi wamandla omncinci wawubekwe kwipleyiti eshinyeneyo. Inokunciphisa ngokufanelekileyo ububanzi be-weld. Xa imiqadi emibini ingama-45 degrees ukusuka komnye nomnye. Xa icwangcisiwe, i-beam isebenza kwi-plate eshinyeneyo kunye nepleyiti encinci ngokulandelelanayo. Ngenxa yokunciphisa umqadi osebenzayo wokufudumeza ububanzi, ububanzi be-weld buyancipha.
2) Intsimbi yeAluminiyam eyahlukileyo
Uphononongo lwangoku luthatha ezi zigqibo zilandelayo: (1) Njengoko umlinganiselo wamandla we-beam ukhula, ubukhulu bekhompawundi ye-intermetallic kwindawo efanayo ye-weld / aluminium i-alloy interface iyancipha ngokuthe ngcembe, kwaye ukuhanjiswa kuba rhoqo. Xa RS=2, ubukhulu bojongano lwe-IMC layer buphakathi kwe-5-10 microns. Ubude obuphezulu be-IMC "yenaliti" yasimahla iphakathi kwe-23 microns. Xa i-RS = 0.67, ubukhulu be-interface ye-IMC layer ingaphantsi kwe-5 microns, kunye nobude obuninzi be-IMC "ye-needle-like" yamahhala yi-5.6 microns. Ubunzima be-intermetallic compound buyancipha kakhulu.
(2)Xa i-parallel dual-beam laser isetyenziselwa ukuwelda, i-IMC kwi-weld / aluminium i-alloy interface ingaqhelekanga. Ubukhulu be-IMC bomaleko kwi-weld/aluminiyam ialloy interface kufuphi nentsimbi/i-aluminiyam ialloy joint interface ijiyile, inobukhulu obukhulu obuyi-23.7 microns. . Njengoko umlinganiselo wamandla we-beam ukhula, xa i-RS = 1.50, ubukhulu bomgca we-IMC kwi-weld / aluminium i-alloy interface isenkulu kunobunzima be-intermetallic compound kwindawo efanayo ye-serial dual beam.
3. I-aluminium-lithium ingxube ye-T-shaped joint
Ngokubhekiselele kwiipropathi zomatshini we-laser welded joints of 2A97 aluminium alloy, abaphandi bafunde ubuncinci be-microhardness, iipropathi zokuqina kunye neempawu zokudinwa. Iziphumo zovavanyo zibonisa ukuba: indawo ye-weld ye-laser welded joint ye-2A97-T3/T4 i-aluminium alloy ithambe kakhulu. I-coefficient ijikeleze i-0.6, eyona nto ihambelana nokuchithwa kunye nobunzima obulandelayo kwimvula yesigaba sokuqinisa; i-coefficient yamandla ye-2A97-T4 ye-aluminium alloy edibeneyo edibeneyo yi-IPGYLR-6000 fiber laser inokufikelela kwi-0.8, kodwa iplastiki iphantsi, ngelixa i-IPGYLS-4000 fiberwelding laserI-coefficient yamandla ye-laser welded 2A97-T3 i-aluminium alloy joints malunga ne-0.6; iziphene pore yimvelaphi ukudinwa iintanda 2A97-T3 aluminiyam ingxubevange laser welded joints.
Kwimo ye-synchronous, ngokweendlela ezahlukeneyo ze-crystal morphologies, i-FZ ikakhulu iqulunqwe ngeekristale zekholomu kunye neekristali ezilinganayo. Iikristale zekholomu zine-epitaxial EQZ yokukhula kwe-orientation, kwaye izikhokelo zabo zokukhula zixhomekeke kumgca wokudibanisa. Oku kungenxa yokuba umphezulu we-grain ye-EQZ yi-particle ye-nucleation esele ilungile, kwaye ukutshatyalaliswa kobushushu kule ndlela kukhawuleza. Ke ngoko, i-crystallographic axis ephambili yomgca wokudityaniswa okuthe nkqo ikhula ngokukhethekayo kwaye amacala athintelwe. Njengoko iikristale zekholomu zikhula ukuya kumbindi we-weld, utshintsho lwe-morphology yesakhiwo kunye ne-columlar dendrites zenziwe. Embindini we-weld, ubushushu bechibi elinyibilikisiweyo liphezulu, izinga lokutshatyalaliswa kobushushu lifana macala onke, kwaye iinkozo zikhula ngokulinganayo kuzo zonke iinkalo, zenza i-dendrites equiaxed. Xa i-axis engundoqo yecrystallographic ye-equiaxed dendrites ithe nca ngqo kumzekelo wendiza, iinkozo ezicacileyo ezifana neentyatyambo zinokubonwa kwinqanaba le-metallographic. Ukongeza, ichatshazelwa kukupholisa okukhulu kwamacandelo engingqi kwindawo ye-weld, iibhendi ezilinganayo ezicolekileyo zidla ngokuvela kwindawo edityanisiweyo yendlela ye-synchronous ye-T-shaped joint, kunye ne-morphology yengqolowa kwi-equiaxed fine-grained band yahlukile imorphology yeenkozo ze-EQZ. Imbonakalo efanayo. Ngenxa yokuba inkqubo yokufudumeza imo engafaniyo ye-TSTB-LW ihluke kwimo ye-synchronous TSTB-LW, kukho ukungafani okucacileyo kwi-macromorphology kunye ne-microstructure morphology. Imowudi ene-heterogeneous TSTB-LW T-shaped joint ifumene imijikelo yobushushu emibini, ebonisa iimpawu zamachibi atyhidiweyo kabini. Kukho umgca ocacileyo wesibini wokudibanisa ngaphakathi kwi-weld, kwaye ichibi elityhidiweyo elenziwe yi-thermal conduction welding lincinci. Kwinkqubo ye-TSTB-LW ye-heterogeneous mode, i-weld yokungena enzulu ichaphazelekayo yinkqubo yokufudumala ye-thermal conduction welding. I-columnar dendrites kunye ne-equiaxed dendrites kufuphi nomgca we-fusion yesibini inemida encinci ye-subgrain kwaye iguqule ibe yi-columnar okanye i-crystals ye-cellular, ebonisa ukuba Inkqubo yokufudumala ye-thermal conductivity welding inefuthe lokunyanga ukushisa kwi-welds enzulu yokungena. Kwaye ubungakanani beenkozo ze-dendrites embindini we-weld conductive thermally yi-2-5 microns, encinci kakhulu kunobungakanani beenkozo ze-dendrites embindini weld yokungena nzulu (5-10 microns). Oku kuhambelana ikakhulu nokufudumeza okuphezulu kwee-welds kumacala omabini. Iqondo lobushushu linxulumene nesantya sokupholisa esilandelayo.
3) Umgaqo-siseko we-laser-beam powder cladding welding welding
4)Amandla aphezulu e-solder edibeneyo
Kuvavanyo lwe-welding ye-laser ye-laser ephindwe kabini, kuba imiqadi emibini yelaser isasazwa ngapha nangapha kumacala omabini ocingo lwebhulorho, uluhlu lwe-laser kunye ne-substrate inkulu kune-single-beam laser powder deposition welding, kunye neziphumo ze-solder joints zithe nkqo kwintambo yebhulorho. Umkhombandlela wocingo ude kakhulu. Umzobo 3.6 ubonisa i-solder joints efunyenwe nge-single-beam kunye ne-double-beam laser powder deposition welding. Ngethuba lenkqubo ye-welding, ingaba i-double-beamwelding laserindlela okanye umqadi omnyewelding laserindlela, i-pool ethile etyhidiweyo yenziwe kwizinto ezisisiseko ngokuqhuba ubushushu. Ngale ndlela, isiseko esityhidiweyo sesinyithi sesixhobo kwidama elityhidiweyo sinokwenza ibhondi ye-metallurgical kunye ne-alten self-fluxing alloy powder, ngaloo ndlela ifezekisa i-welding. Xa usebenzisa i-laser-beam-beam ukuwelda, ukusebenzisana phakathi kwe-laser beam kunye nesiseko sezinto lunxibelelwano phakathi kweendawo zentshukumo zemiqadi emibini yelaser, oko kukuthi, intsebenziswano phakathi kwamachibi amabini atyhidiweyo awenziwe yilaser kwizinto eziphathekayo. . Ngale ndlela, isiphumo esitsha sokudibanisa Indawo inkulu kune-single-beamwelding laser, ngoko i-solder joints efunyenwe nge-double-beamwelding laserbomelele kunomqadi omnyewelding laser.
2. I-solderability ephezulu kunye nokuphindaphinda
Kwi-single-beamwelding laserumfuniselo, kuba umbindi wendawo ekugxilwe kuyo yelaser usebenza ngokuthe ngqo kwi-micro-bridge wire, ucingo lwebhulorho lunemfuno eziphezulu kakhulu zocingo.welding laseriiparamitha zenkqubo, ezifana nokuhanjiswa koxinano lwamandla e-laser kunye nobukhulu obungalinganiyo be-alloy powder. Oku kuya kukhokelela ekuqhekekeni kocingo ngexesha lenkqubo ye-welding kwaye ngokuthe ngqo kubangele ukuba ucingo lwebhulorho lube ngumphunga. Kwindlela yokuwelda i-laser ye-laser ephindwe kabini, kuba amaziko agxininisiweyo emiqadi emibini ye-laser engasebenzi ngokuthe ngqo kwiingcingo zebhulorho ezincinci, iimfuno ezingqongqo kwiiparamitha zenkqubo ye-laser welding yeentambo zebhulorho ziyancitshiswa, kwaye ukuwelda kunye ukuphindaphinda ziphuculwe kakhulu. .
Ixesha lokuposa: Oct-17-2023
