Xa kuthelekiswa netekhnoloji yewelding yemveli,welding laserineenzuzo ezingenakulinganiswa ekuchanekeni kwe-welding, ukusebenza kakuhle, ukuthembeka, ukuzenzekelayo kunye neminye imiba. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, iphuhliswe ngokukhawuleza kwiimoto, amandla, i-elektroniki kunye nezinye iindawo, kwaye ithathwa njengenye yezona zinto zithembisayo zobugcisa kwinkulungwane yama-21.
1. Isishwankathelo se-double-beamwelding laser
I-double-beamwelding laserkukusebenzisa iindlela ze-optical ukwahlula i-laser efanayo kwimiqadi emibini yokukhanya yokukhanya, okanye ukusebenzisa iintlobo ezimbini ezahlukeneyo ze-lasers ukudibanisa, njenge-CO2 laser, i-Nd: i-YAG laser kunye ne-high-power semiconductor laser. Zonke zinokudityaniswa. Kwacetywa ikakhulu ukusombulula ukulungelelaniswa kwe-laser welding ukuchaneka kwendibano, ukuphucula ukuzinza kwenkqubo ye-welding, kunye nokuphucula umgangatho we-weld. I-double-beamwelding laserinokulungelelaniswa ngokufanelekileyo nangokuguquguqukayo intsimi yobushushu be-welding ngokutshintsha umlinganiselo wamandla we-beam, isithuba se-beam, kunye nepateni yokusasazwa kwamandla eemitha ezimbini ze-laser, ukutshintsha ipateni yobukho bomngxuma wesitshixo kunye nepateni yokuhamba kwesinyithi solwelo echibini elityhidiweyo. Inika ukhetho olubanzi lweenkqubo ze-welding. Ayinayo nje inzuzo enkuluwelding laserUkungena, isantya esikhawulezayo kunye nokuchaneka okuphezulu, kodwa ikwafanelekile kwimathiriyeli kunye namalungu ekunzima ukuweld ngesiqhelo.welding laser.
Kwi-double-beamwelding laser, siqale sixoxe ngeendlela zokuphunyezwa kwe-laser ye-double-beam. Uncwadi olubanzi lubonisa ukuba kukho iindlela ezimbini eziphambili zokufezekisa i-welding ye-double-beam: ukuhanjiswa kugxininise kunye nokugxininisa. Ngokukodwa, enye iphunyezwa ngokulungelelanisa i-angle kunye nesithuba se-laser ezimbini ngokugxininisa izibuko kunye nezibuko ezidibanisayo. Enye iphunyezwa ngokusebenzisa umthombo we-laser kwaye emva koko ugxininise ngokusebenzisa izibuko ezibonisayo, izibuko ezidlulisayo kunye nezipili ezibunjwe nge-wedge ukufikelela kwimiqadi emibini. Kwindlela yokuqala, kukho ubukhulu becala iifom ezintathu. Ifom yokuqala kukudibanisa iilaser ezimbini ngokusebenzisa imicu ye-optical kwaye izahlulwe ibe yimiqadi emibini eyahlukeneyo phantsi kwesipili esifanayo esidibanisayo kunye nesipili esijolisa. Okwesibini kukuba iilaser ezimbini zikhupha imiqadi yelaser ngeentloko zazo zokuwelda, kwaye umqadi ophindwe kabini wenziwa ngokulungelelanisa indawo yeentloko zokuwelda. Indlela yesithathu kukuba i-laser beam iqala ukuhlukana ngezibuko ezibini ze-1 kunye ne-2, kwaye igxininise izibuko ezibini ezigxininise 3 kunye ne-4 ngokulandelanayo. Isikhundla kunye nomgama phakathi kweendawo ezimbini ezigxininisekileyo zinokuhlengahlengiswa ngokulungelelanisa ii-angles zezibuko ezimbini ezigxininisiweyo ze-3 kunye ne-4. Indlela yesibini kukusebenzisa i-laser-state eqinile ukwahlula ukukhanya ukufezekisa iintsimbi ezimbini, kwaye ulungelelanise i-angle kunye ukushiya izithuba ngesipili sokujonga kunye nesipili esijolisa. Imifanekiso emibini yokugqibela kumqolo wokuqala ongezantsi ibonisa inkqubo ye-spectroscopic ye-CO2 laser. Isibuko esisicaba sitshintshwa sisipili esimise okwe wedge kwaye sibekwe phambi kwesipili esijolisa ukwahlula isibane ukuze siphumeze ukukhanya okumbini okunxuseneyo.
Emva kokuqonda ukuphunyezwa kwemiqadi ephindwe kabini, makhe sazise ngokufutshane imigaqo ye-welding kunye neendlela. Kwi-double-beamwelding laserinkqubo, kukho amalungiselelo amathathu umqadi eqhelekileyo, ezizezi ilungiselelo serial, ilungiselelo parallel kunye nolungiselelo hybrid. ilaphu, oko kukuthi, kukho umgama kwicala le-welding nakwindlela yokuma nkqo. Njengoko kubonisiwe kumqolo wokugqibela womzobo, ngokwemilo eyahlukeneyo yemingxuma emincinci kunye namachibi atyhidiweyo avela phantsi kwezithuba ezahlukeneyo ngexesha lenkqubo ye-serial welding, zinokuphinda zahlulwe zibe yizinyibiliko ezizodwa. Kukho imimandla emithathu: ichibi, ichibi elityhidiweyo eliqhelekileyo kunye nedama elityhidiweyo elahlukileyo. Iimpawu zedama elityhidiweyo elinye kunye nedama elinyibilikisiweyo elahlukileyo ziyafana nezo zodwawelding laser, njengoko kubonisiwe kumzobo wokulinganisa amanani. Kukho iziphumo ezahlukeneyo zenkqubo kwiindidi ezahlukeneyo.
Uhlobo loku-1: Phantsi kwesithuba sendawo ethile, imingxuma emibini yezitshixo yenza umngxuma wesitshixo oqhelekileyo kwidama elityhidiweyo elinye; kuba uhlobo 1, kuxelwa ukuba omnye umqadi wokukhanya isetyenziselwa ukwenza umngxuma encinane, yaye enye umqadi ukukhanya isetyenziselwa ukuwelda unyango ubushushu, nto leyo enokuthi Ngokufanelekileyo ukuphucula iimpawu zesakhiwo carbon steel high kunye nentsimbi ingxubevange.
Uhlobo lwesi-2: Yandisa isithuba sendawo kwidama elinyibilikisiweyo elinye, yahlule imiqadi emibini ibe yimingxuma emibini yezitshixo ezimeleyo, kwaye utshintshe ipateni yokuhamba kwedama elinyibilikisiweyo; kuhlobo lwe-2, umsebenzi walo ulingana ne-electron ezimbini ze-welding ye-welding, Ukunciphisa i-weld spatter kunye ne-welds engaqhelekanga kwi-focal ubude obufanelekileyo.
Uhlobo lwe-3: Ukwandisa ngakumbi isithuba sendawo kwaye utshintshe umlinganiselo wamandla wemiqadi emibini, ukwenzela ukuba enye yemiqadi emibini isetyenziswe njengomthombo wokushisa ukwenza i-welding yangaphambili okanye i-post-welding processing ngexesha lenkqubo ye-welding, kunye nomnye umqadi. isetyenziselwa ukwenza imingxuma emincinci. Ngohlobo lwe-3, uphando lufumene ukuba imiqadi emibini yenza i-keyhole, umngxuma omncinci akulula ukuwa, kwaye i-weld akulula ukuvelisa ama-pores.
2. Impembelelo yenkqubo ye-welding kumgangatho we-welding
Impembelelo ye-serial beam-energy ratio ekubunjweni komthungo we-welding
Xa amandla e-laser eyi-2kW, isantya se-welding yi-45 mm/s, isixa se-defocus yi-0mm, kwaye isithuba se-beam yi-3 mm, imilo ye-weld surface xa utshintsha i-RS (RS= 0.50, 0.67, 1.50, 2.00) njengoko iboniswe emfanekisweni. Xa i-RS = 0.50 kunye ne-2.00, i-weld ifakwe kumlinganiselo omkhulu, kwaye kukho i-spatter engaphezulu kwi-edge ye-weld, ngaphandle kokwenza iipatheni eziqhelekileyo zesikali seentlanzi. Oku kungenxa yokuba xa umyinge wamandla we-beam umncinci kakhulu okanye umkhulu kakhulu, amandla e-laser agxininiswe kakhulu, abangela ukuba i-laser pinhole ixube ngakumbi ngexesha lenkqubo ye-welding, kwaye uxinzelelo lokubuyela kumphunga lubangela ukukhutshelwa kunye nokutshizwa kwento etyhidiweyo. ichibi lesinyithi echibini elityhidiweyo; Igalelo lobushushu obugqithisileyo libangela ubunzulu bokungena kwechibi elinyibilikisiweyo kwicala le-aluminium ialloy libe likhulu kakhulu, kubangele ukudakumba phantsi kwesenzo somxhuzulane. Xa i-RS = 0.67 kunye ne-1.50, ipateni yesikali seentlanzi kwi-weld surface ifana, i-weld shape intle ngakumbi, kwaye akukho zintanda ezibonakalayo ze-welding ezishushu, ii-pores kunye nezinye iziphene ze-welding kwi-weld surface. Iimilo ezinqamlezayo ze-welds ezinemilinganiselo eyahlukeneyo ye-boam yamandla e-RS njengoko kuboniswe kumzobo. I-cross-section of welds ikwimo eqhelekileyo "yemilo yeglasi yewayini", ebonisa ukuba inkqubo ye-welding iqhutyelwa kwi-laser deep penetration welding mode. I-RS inefuthe elibalulekileyo kubunzulu bokungena kwi-P2 ye-weld kwicala le-aluminium alloy. Xa i-beam energy ratio RS=0.5, i-P2 yi-1203.2 microns. Xa i-beam energy ratio i-RS = 0.67 kunye ne-1.5, i-P2 iyancipha kakhulu, eyi-403.3 microns kunye ne-93.6 microns ngokulandelanayo. Xa umlinganiselo wamandla we-beam yi-RS = 2, ubunzulu bokungena kwe-weld yecandelo lomnqamlezo odibeneyo yi-1151.6 microns.
Impembelelo ye-parallel beam-energy ratio kwi-welding seam formation
Xa amandla e-laser eyi-2.8kW, isantya se-welding yi-33mm / s, isixa se-defocus yi-0mm, kunye ne-beam spacing yi-1mm, i-weld surface ifunyenwe ngokutshintsha umlinganiselo wamandla we-beam (RS = 0.25, 0.5, 0.67, 1.5) , 2, 4) Imbonakalo iboniswe kumfanekiso. Xa i-RS=2, ipateni yesikali seentlanzi kumphezulu we-weld ayiqhelekanga. Umphezulu we-weld efunyenwe ngamanye amahlanu ahlukeneyo omlinganiselo wamandla e-beam yenziwe kakuhle, kwaye akukho ziphene ezibonakalayo ezifana ne-pores kunye ne-spatter. Ke ngoko, xa kuthelekiswa ne-serial ye-dual-beamwelding laser, umphezulu we-weld usebenzisa i-parallel dual-beams ifana kakhulu kwaye intle. Xa i-RS = 0.25, kukho ukudakumba okuncinci kwi-weld; njengoko umlinganiselo wamandla we-beam ukhula ngokuthe ngcembe (RS = 0.5, 0.67 kunye ne-1.5), umphezulu we-weld ufana kwaye akukho xinzelelo olwenziwe; nangona kunjalo, xa umlinganiselo wamandla we-beam ukhula ngakumbi (RS = 1.50, 2.00), kodwa kukho ukudandatheka kumphezulu we-weld. Xa umlinganiselo wamandla we-beam RS = 0.25, 1.5 kunye ne-2, imilo ye-cross-sectional ye-weld "yi-glass-shaped glass"; xa i-RS = 0.50, 0.67 kunye ne-1, imilo ye-cross-sectional ye-weld "i-funnel-shaped". Xa i-RS = 4, kungekhona nje iintanda eziveliswa phantsi kwe-weld, kodwa ezinye iipores zenziwa kwindawo ephakathi kunye nezantsi kwi-weld. Xa RS = 2, iipores ezinkulu zenkqubo zivela ngaphakathi kwi-weld, kodwa akukho zintanda zivela. Xa i-RS = 0.5, 0.67 kunye ne-1.5, ubunzulu bokungena kwe-P2 ye-weld kwicala le-aluminium i-alloy incinci, kwaye i-cross-section ye-weld yenziwe kakuhle kwaye akukho ziphene ezicacileyo ze-welding ezenziwe. Oku kubonisa ukuba umlinganiselo wamandla e-beam ngexesha le-laser ye-parallel-beam ye-laser welding nayo inempembelelo ebalulekileyo ekungeneni kwe-weld kunye neziphene ze-welding.
I-parallel beam - umphumo we-beam spacing kwi-welding seam formation
Xa amandla e-laser eyi-2.8kW, isantya sokuwelda yi-33mm/s, isixa se-defocus yi-0mm, kunye ne-beam energy ratio RS=0.67, tshintsha isithuba se-beam (d=0.5mm, 1mm, 1.5mm, 2mm) ukufumana i-weld surface morphology njengoko umfanekiso ubonisa. Xa d=0.5mm, 1mm, 1.5mm, 2mm, umphezulu we-weld ugudile kwaye uthambile, kwaye imilo intle; ipateni yokulinganisa intlanzi ye-weld iqhelekile kwaye intle, kwaye akukho mibhobho ebonakalayo, iintanda kunye nezinye iziphene. Ngoko ke, phantsi kweemeko ezine zokubeka izithuba, i-weld surface yenziwe kakuhle. Ukongeza, xa i-d=2 mm, iiwelds ezimbini ezahlukeneyo zenziwa, nto leyo ebonisa ukuba imiqadi yelaser emibini enxuseneyo ayisasebenzi kwidama elinyibilikisiweyo, kwaye ayinakukwenza ukuwelda kwe-laser hybrid hybrid. Xa i-beam spacing i-0.5mm, i-weld "i-funnel-shaped", i-P2 yokungena enzulu ye-weld kwicala le-aluminium alloy yi-712.9 microns, kwaye akukho zintanda, iipores kunye nezinye iziphene ngaphakathi kwe-weld. Njengoko isithuba se-boam siqhubeka sikhula, ubunzulu bokungena kwe-P2 ye-weld kwicala le-aluminium alloy kuncipha kakhulu. Xa isithuba se-boam siyi-1 mm, ubunzulu bokungena kwe-weld kwicala le-aluminium alloy yi-94.2 microns kuphela. Njengoko isithuba se-boam sikhula ngakumbi, i-weld ayifaki ukungena okusebenzayo kwicala le-alluminiyam. Ngoko ke, xa isithuba se-boam siyi-0.5mm, i-double-beam recombination effect iyona nto ingcono. Njengoko isithuba se-beam sikhula, igalelo lobushushu be-welding liyancipha ngokukhawuleza, kwaye i-laser-beam-beam recombination effect iya iba mbi ngakumbi.
Umahluko kwi-weld morphology ibangelwa ukuhamba okwahlukileyo kunye nokuqiniswa kokupholisa kwechibi elityhidiweyo ngexesha lenkqubo ye-welding. Indlela yokulinganisa amanani ayinakukwenza kuphela uhlalutyo loxinzelelo lwechibi elinyibilikisiweyo ngakumbi, kodwa linciphisa iindleko zokulinga. Lo mfanekiso ungezantsi ubonisa utshintsho kwi-side melt pool kunye nomqadi omnye, amalungiselelo ahlukeneyo kunye nesithuba sendawo. Izigqibo eziphambili ziquka: (1) Ngexesha lomqadi omnyewelding laserinkqubo, ubunzulu bomngxuma wedama otyhidiweyo bunzulu kakhulu, kukho isenzeko sokudilika komngxuma, udonga lomngxuma alulungelelananga, kunye nokuhanjiswa kwebala lokuhamba kufutshane nodonga lomngxuma alulingani; kufuphi nomphezulu ongasemuva wechibi elityhidiweyo. unikezelo lwebala lokuqukuqela lomphezulu idama elinyibilikisiweyo lilingana kwaye licotha, kwaye ububanzi bechibi elinyibilikisiweyo abulingani ecaleni kwendlela yobunzulu. Kukho ukuphazamiseka okubangelwa luxinzelelo lwe-recoil eludongeni kwidama elityhidiweyo phakathi kwemingxunya emincinci kumqadi ophindwe kabini.welding laser, kwaye ihlala ikhona ecaleni kwendlela enzulu yemingxuma emincinci. Njengoko umgama phakathi kwemiqadi emibini uqhubeka ukhula, ukuxinana kwamandla ombane ngokuthe ngcembe kuguquka ukusuka kwincopho enye ukuya kwincopho ephindwe kabini. Kukho ixabiso elincinci phakathi kweencopho ezimbini, kwaye ubuninzi bamandla buyancipha ngokuthe ngcembe. (2) Kwi-double-beamwelding laser, xa isithuba sendawo siyi-0-0.5mm, ubunzulu bedama elinyibilikisiweyo imingxuma emincinci buyehla kancinane, kwaye ukuqukuqela kwedama elinyibilikisiweyo kukonke kufana naleyo yomqadi omnye.welding laser; xa isithuba sendawo singaphezulu kwe-1mm, imingxuma emincinci ihlulwe ngokupheleleyo, kwaye ngexesha lenkqubo ye-welding Phantse akukho ukusebenzisana phakathi kwe-laser ezimbini, ezilingana nezimbini ezilandelelanayo / ezimbini ezihambelanayo ze-laser weldings ze-single-beam ezinamandla ka-1750W. Phantse akukho siphumo sokufudumeza kwangaphambili, kwaye indlela yokuqukuqela yamanzi etyhidiweyo iyafana naleyo ye-laser-beam enye. 3 Ukuphazamiseka phakathi kwemingxuma emincinci kunye nokuhamba kwedama elinyibilikisiweyo elingaphezulu liku-0.8mm. Elona linamandla. Kwi-serial welding, ubude bechibi elinyibilikisiweyo buyanda ngokuthe ngcembe, ububanzi bukhulu xa isithuba sendawo siyi-0.8mm, kwaye umphumo wokufudumeza ubonakala kakhulu xa isithuba sendawo siyi-0.8mm. Isiphumo samandla kaMarangoni siye siyeke kancinci kancinci, kwaye ulwelo oluninzi lwentsimbi luqukuqela macala omabini edama elinyibilikisiweyo. Yenza ukusabalalisa ububanzi obunyibilikayo bufanayo. Kwi-welding ehambelanayo, ububanzi be-pool etyhidiweyo bukhula ngokuthe ngcembe, kwaye ubude bukhulu kwi-0.8mm, kodwa akukho mphumo wokushisa; i-reflow kufuphi nomphezulu obangelwa yi-force yaseMarangoni ihlala ikhona, kwaye i-reflow ezantsi ezantsi komngxuma omncinci iyanyamalala ngokuthe ngcembe; intsimi ye-cross-sectional flow flow ayilunganga njengeyomelele kuthotho, ukuphazamiseka akuchaphazeli ukuhamba kumacala omabini echibi elityhidiweyo, kwaye ububanzi obutyhidiweyo busasazwa ngokulinganayo.
Ixesha lokuposa: Oct-12-2023
