Ukwenziwa kunye nophuhliso lwemingxuma yezitshixo:
Inkcazo ye-Keyhole: Xa i-radiation irradiance ingaphezu kwe-10 ^ 6W / cm ^ 2, umphezulu wezinto eziphathekayo uyanyibilika kwaye ukhuphe phantsi kwesenzo selaser.Xa isantya somphunga sisikhulu ngokwaneleyo, uxinzelelo lwe-recoil yomphunga oluvelisiweyo lwanele ukoyisa uxinzelelo lomphezulu kunye nomxhuzulane wolwelo lwesinyithi elulwelo, ngaloo ndlela kushenxiswa enye yesinyithi engamanzi, ibangela ukuba ichibi elinyibilikisiweyo litshone kwindawo yoxinzelelo kwaye lenze imingxuma emincinci. ;Umqadi wokukhanya usebenza ngokuthe ngqo phantsi komngxuma omncinci, obangela ukuba isinyithi sinyibilike ngakumbi kwaye sibe negesi.Umphunga woxinzelelo oluphezulu uqhubeleka nokunyanzela intsimbi engamanzi ezantsi emhadini ukuba iye kumda wedama elinyibilikisiweyo, uye nzulu ngakumbi umngxuma omncinci.Le nkqubo iyaqhubeka, ekugqibeleni yenza umngxuma wesitshixo onjengomngxuma kwintsimbi engamanzi.Xa uxinzelelo lomphunga wesinyithi oveliswa ngumqadi welaser kumngxuma omncinci ufikelela kwi-equilibrium kunye noxinzelelo lomphezulu kunye nomxhuzulane wentsimbi engamanzi, umngxuma omncinci awusayi kuba nzulu kwaye wenze umngxuma omncinci ozinzileyo, obizwa ngokuba "yisiphumo somngxuma omncinci" .
Njengoko umqadi welaser ushukuma ngokunxulumene nomsebenzi, umngxuma omncinci ubonisa umphambili ogophe kancinane ngasemva kunye nonxantathu ojikeleyo ngokucacileyo ngasemva.Umphetho ongaphambili womngxuma omncinci yindawo yesenzo selaser, enobushushu obuphezulu kunye noxinzelelo lomphunga oluphezulu, ngelixa iqondo lobushushu ecaleni komphetho ongasemva liphantsi kwaye uxinzelelo lomphunga luncinci.Phantsi kolu xinzelelo kunye namaqondo obushushu umahluko, ulwelo olunyibilikisiweyo luhamba lujikeleze umngxuma omncinci ukusuka kwisiphelo sangaphambili ukuya ngasemva, lwenza i-vortex ngasemva ekupheleni komngxuma omncinci, kwaye ekugqibeleni luqina kungqameko olungasemva.Imeko eguquguqukayo yembobo yesitshixo efunyenwe ngokulinganisa i-laser kunye ne-welding yangempela iboniswe kulo mzobo ungentla, I-morphology yemingxuma emincinci kunye nokuhamba kolwelo olutyhidiweyo olujikelezayo ngexesha lokuhamba ngezantya ezahlukeneyo.
Ngenxa yobukho bemingxuma emincinci, amandla e-laser beam angena ngaphakathi kwezinto, enze lo mthungo we-weld onzulu kunye nomncinci.I-morphology ye-cross-sectional ye-laser deep penetration weld seam iboniswe kulo mfanekiso ungasentla.Ubunzulu bokungena komthungo we-weld busondele kubunzulu bomngxuma wesitshixo (ukuba ngokuthe ngqo, umaleko we-metallographic yi-60-100um nzulu kunomngxuma wesitshixo, umaleko omnye ongaphantsi kolwelo).Ukuphakama koxinano lwamandla e-laser, kokukhona unzulu umngxuma omncinci, kwaye ubuninzi bokungena kwe-weld seam.Kwiwelding ye-laser enamandla amakhulu, ubunzulu obukhulu kumlinganiselo wobubanzi bomthungo we-weld unokufikelela kwi-12:1.
Uhlalutyo lokufunxaamandla laserngomngxuma wesitshixo
Ngaphambi kokubunjwa kwemingxuma emincinci kunye neplasma, amandla e-laser adluliselwa ikakhulu ngaphakathi kwendawo yokusebenza ngokuqhutywa kwe-thermal.Inkqubo ye-welding yeyelding conductive (ngobunzulu bokungena obungaphantsi kwe-0.5mm), kwaye izinga lokufunxa izinto ze-laser liphakathi kwe-25-45%.Emva kokuba i-keyhole yenziwe, amandla e-laser afunxwa kakhulu ngaphakathi kwendawo yokusebenza ngokusebenzisa isiphumo se-keyhole, kwaye inkqubo ye-welding iba yi-welding yokungena enzulu (kunye nobunzulu bokungena obungaphezulu kwe-0.5mm), izinga lokufunxa linokufikelela. ngaphezulu kwe-60-90%.
Isiphumo se-keyhole sidlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu ekwandiseni ukufunxwa kwe-laser ngexesha lokusetyenzwa okunje nge-laser welding, ukusika, kunye nokugrumba.Umqa we-laser ongena kumngxuma wesitshixo uphantse wafunxwa ngokupheleleyo ngokubonakaliswa okuninzi ukusuka eludongeni lomngxuma.
Ngokuqhelekileyo kukholelwa ukuba indlela yokufunxa amandla e-laser ngaphakathi kwe-keyhole ibandakanya iinkqubo ezimbini: ukubuyisela umva kunye nokufunxa kweFresnel.
Ibhalansi yoxinzelelo ngaphakathi komngxuma wesitshixo
Ngexesha le-laser ye-welding ye-deep penetration, i-material idlula i-vaporization enzima, kwaye uxinzelelo olwandisiweyo oluveliswa ngumphunga wobushushu obuphezulu bukhupha isinyithi solwelo, senza imingxuma emincinci.Ukongeza kuxinzelelo lomphunga kunye noxinzelelo lokuphuma (ekwabizwa ngokuba yi-evaporation reaction force okanye uxinzelelo lwe-recoil) yemathiriyeli, kukwakho ukuxinana komphezulu, uxinzelelo lwe-static yolwelo olubangelwa ngumxhuzulane, kunye noxinzelelo oluguquguqukayo lolwelo oluveliswa kukuhamba kwezinto ezinyibilikisiweyo ngaphakathi. umngxuma omncinci.Phakathi kwezi xinzelelo, uxinzelelo lwe-steam kuphela lugcina ukuvuleka komngxuma omncinci, ngelixa ezinye imikhosi emithathu izama ukuvala umngxuma omncinci.Ukugcina ukuzinza kwe-keyhole ngexesha lenkqubo ye-welding, uxinzelelo lwe-vapor kufuneka lube lwanele ukunqoba enye inkcaso kunye nokufezekisa ukulingana, ukugcina ukuzinza kwexesha elide le-keyhole.Ukwenza lula, kukholelwa ngokubanzi ukuba amandla asebenza kudonga lwesitshixo luxinzelelo lwe-ablation (uxinzelelo lwe-metal vapor recoil) kunye noxinzelelo lomphezulu.
Ukungazinzi kwe-Keyhole
Imvelaphi: ILaser isebenza kumphezulu wemathiriyeli, ibangela isixa esikhulu sesinyithi ukuba siphume sibe ngumphunga.Uxinzelelo lwe-recoil lucinezela phantsi kwi-pool etyhidiweyo, yenze imingxuma yezitshixo kunye neplasma, okukhokelela ekunyukeni kobunzulu bokunyibilika.Ngethuba lenkqubo yokuhamba, i-laser ibetha udonga lwangaphambili lwe-keyhole, kwaye indawo apho i-laser idibanisa izinto eziphathekayo iya kubangela ukuqhuma okukhulu kwezinto.Kwangaxeshanye, udonga lomngxuma wesitshixo luya kufumana ilahleko enkulu, kwaye ukufukamezeka kuya kwenza uxinzelelo lokubuyisela oluya kuthi lucinezele intsimbi engamanzi, ibangele udonga lwangaphakathi lomngxuma wesitshixo lujike lujonge ezantsi kwaye lujikeleze ezantsi komngxuma wesitshixo ukuya ngasemzantsi. emva kwedama elityhidiweyo.Ngenxa yokuguquguquka kwechibi elinyibilikisiweyo lolwelo ukusuka eludongeni olungaphambili ukuya eludongeni olungasemva, umthamo ngaphakathi komngxuma wesitshixo uhlala utshintsha, Uxinzelelo lwangaphakathi lwesitshixo nalo luyatshintsha ngokufanelekileyo, olukhokelela kutshintsho kumthamo weplasma etshizwe ngaphandle. .Ukutshintsha komthamo weplasma kukhokelela ekutshintsheni kokukhusela, ukuchaswa, kunye nokufunxa amandla e-laser, okukhokelela ekutshintsheni kwamandla e-laser ukufikelela kumphezulu wezinto ezibonakalayo.Yonke le nkqubo iguquguqukayo kwaye ngamaxesha athile, ekugqibeleni ibangele i-sawtooth emile kunye ne-wavy metal yokungena, kwaye akukho nto i-weld yokungena egudileyo, Lo mzobo ungasentla ngumbono onqamlezayo weziko le-weld efunyenwe ngokusika i-longitudinal ngokuhambelana iziko weld, kwakunye umlinganiselo wexesha lokwenyani lokwahluka umngxuma isitshixo ubunzulu nguIPG-LDD njengobungqina.
Phucula indlela ozinzo ngayo umngxuma wesitshixo
Ngexesha le-laser ye-welding deep penetration, ukuzinza komngxuma omncinci kunokuqinisekiswa kuphela ngokulinganisela okuguquguqukayo kweengcinezelo ezahlukeneyo ngaphakathi komngxuma.Nangona kunjalo, ukufunxwa kwamandla e-laser ngodonga lomngxuma kunye nokuphuma kwezixhobo, ukukhutshwa komphunga wesinyithi ngaphandle komngxuma omncinci, kunye nokuhamba phambili komngxuma omncinci kunye nedama elityhidiweyo zonke ziinkqubo ezibukhali kwaye zikhawuleza.Ngaphantsi kweemeko ezithile zenkqubo, ngexesha elithile ngexesha le-welding, kukho ithuba lokuba ukuzinza komngxuma omncinci kunokuphazamiseka kwiindawo zendawo, ezikhokelela kwiiphene ze-welding.Ezona ziqhelekileyo kunye neziqhelekileyo zincinci zohlobo lwe-porosity defects kunye ne-spatter ebangelwa ukuwa kwe-keyhole;
Ngoko ke uzinzisa njani umngxuma wesitshixo?
Ukuguquguquka kwe-keyhole fluid kuyinkimbinkimbi kwaye kubandakanya izinto ezininzi (intsimi yobushushu, intsimi yokuhamba, intsimi yamandla, i-optoelectronic physics), enokuthi ishwankathelwe ngokulula ibe ngamacandelo amabini: ubudlelwane phakathi koxinzelelo lomphezulu kunye noxinzelelo lwe-metal vapor recoil;Uxinzelelo lwe-recoil lomphunga wensimbi lusebenza ngokuthe ngqo kwisizukulwana semibhobho yezitshixo, ehambelana ngokusondeleyo nobunzulu kunye nomthamo wemingxuma yezitshixo.Kwangaxeshanye, njengokuphela kwento ehamba phezulu yomoya wesinyithi kwinkqubo ye-welding, ikwanxulumene ngokusondeleyo nesehlo sokutshiza;Ukuxinana komphezulu kuchaphazela ukuhamba kwedama elinyibilikisiweyo;
Ke inkqubo yokuwelda i-laser ezinzileyo ixhomekeke ekugcineni i-gradient yokuhanjiswa koxinzelelo lomphezulu kwidama elityhidiweyo, ngaphandle kokuguquguquka okuninzi.Ukuxinana komphezulu kunxulumene nokusasazwa kobushushu, kwaye ukuhanjiswa kobushushu kunxulumene nomthombo wobushushu.Ke ngoko, umthombo wobushushu odibeneyo kunye ne-welding ye-swing yimigaqo yobugcisa enokubakho kwinkqubo ye-welding ezinzileyo;
Umphunga wesinyithi kunye nomthamo wesitshixo kufuneka ubeke ingqalelo kwisiphumo seplasma kunye nobukhulu bokuvulwa kwesitshixo.Ukuvulwa okukhulu, i-key hole enkulu, kunye nokuguquguquka okungathandabuzekiyo kwindawo ephantsi ye-melt pool, enempembelelo encinci kumthamo wesitshixo esipheleleyo kunye nokutshintsha koxinzelelo lwangaphakathi;Ke imowudi yeringi ehlengahlengiswayo yelaser (indawo yonyaka), ukudibanisa i-laser arc, ukumodareyitha rhoqo, njl.
Ixesha lokuposa: Dec-01-2023
