Ukuthelekiswa kwemiphumo ye-welding ye-lasers kunye needayamitha ezingundoqo ezahlukeneyo

Ukuwelda kweLaserinokufezekiswa ngokusebenzisa imiqadi yelaser eqhubekayo okanye ipulsed. Imigaqo yewelding laserinokwahlulwa ibe yi-welding conduction yobushushu kunye ne-laser yokungena nzulu. Xa uxinano lwamandla lungaphantsi kwe-104 ~ 105 W / cm2, kukufudumeza kwe-welding yokushisa. Ngeli xesha, ubunzulu bokungena abunzulu kwaye isantya se-welding siyacotha; xa uxinano lwamandla lungaphezu kwe-105 ~ 107 W / cm2, umgangatho wesinyithi ugobekile ube "yimingxuma" ngenxa yobushushu, yenze i-welding yokungena enzulu, eneempawu zesantya se-welding esheshayo kunye ne-aspect ratio enkulu. Umgaqo wokuqhuba kwe-thermalwelding laseryi: laser radiation shushu umphezulu ukuba kusetyenzwe, kwaye ubushushu umphezulu diffuses ukuya ngaphakathi ngokusebenzisa conduction thermal. Ngokulawula iiparamitha ze-laser ezifana nobubanzi be-laser pulse, amandla, amandla encopho, kunye nokuphindaphinda okuphindaphindiweyo, i-workpiece iyanyibilika ukwenza ichibi elithile elityhidiweyo.

I-laser ye-welding enzulu yokungena ngokubanzi isebenzisa umqadi we-laser oqhubekayo ukugqiba udibaniso lwezinto. Inkqubo yayo ye-metallurgical yomzimba ifana kakhulu ne-electron beam welding, oko kukuthi, indlela yokuguqula amandla igqitywe nge-"key-hole" isakhiwo.

Ngaphantsi kwe-laser irradiation ene-high enough power density, izinto eziphathekayo ziyaphuphuma kunye nezimbobo ezincinci zenziwe. Lo mngxuma omncinane ozaliswe ngumphunga ufana nomzimba omnyama, ofunxa phantse onke amandla omqa wesiganeko. Ubushushu bokulingana emngxunyeni bufikelela malunga nama-2500°C. Ubushushu bugqithiselwa ukusuka eludongeni lwangaphandle lomngxuma wobushushu obuphezulu, obangela ukuba isinyithi esijikeleze umngxuma sinyibilike. Umngxuma omncinci ugcwele i-steam yobushushu obuphezulu obuveliswa yi-evaporation eqhubekayo yezinto zodonga phantsi kwe-irradiation ye-beam. Iindonga zomngxuma omncinci zijikelezwe yintsimbi etyhidiweyo, kwaye ulwelo lwesinyithi lujikelezwe yizinto eziqinileyo (kwiinkqubo ezininzi zesiqhelo ze-welding kunye ne-laser conduction welding, amandla kuqala Idiphozithwe kumphezulu we-workpiece kwaye emva koko ithuthelwe ngaphakathi ngokugqithiselwa. ). Ukuhamba kolwelo ngaphandle kodonga lomngxuma kunye nokunyanzeliswa komphezulu wodonga lukwisigaba kunye noxinzelelo olwenziwa ngokuqhubekayo lomphunga kumngxunya kunye nokugcina ibhalansi eguqukayo. Umbane wokukhanya ngokuqhubekayo ungena kumngxuma omncinci, kwaye izinto ezingaphandle komngxuma omncinci ziqhubeka zihamba. Njengoko i-beam yokukhanya ihamba, umngxuma omncinci uhlala ukwimeko ezinzileyo yokuhamba.

Oko kukuthi, umngxuma omncinane kunye nentsimbi etyhidiweyo ejikeleze udonga lomngxuma ziqhubela phambili ngesantya esihamba phambili somqadi womqhubi. Intsimbi etyhidiweyo igcwalisa isithuba esishiywe emva kokuba umngxuma omncinci ususwe kwaye udibanise ngokufanelekileyo, kwaye i-weld yenziwe. Konke oku kwenzeka ngokukhawuleza kangangokuba isantya se-welding sinokufikelela ngokulula kwiimitha ezininzi ngomzuzu.

Emva kokuqonda iikhonsepthi ezisisiseko zoxinaniso lwamandla, i-thermal conductivity welding, kunye ne-welding yokungena enzulu, siza kulandela ngokulandelayo uhlalutyo lothelekiso loxinaniso lwamandla kunye nezigaba ze-metallographic zeedayamitha ezingundoqo ezahlukeneyo.

Ukuthelekiswa kovavanyo lwe-welding olusekwe kwidayamitha ye-laser eqhelekileyo kwimarike:

Uxinaniso lwamandla lwendawo ekugxilwe kuyo kwindawo yeelaser ezinedayamitha ezingundoqo ezahlukeneyo

Ukusuka kwimbono yoxinaniso lwamandla, phantsi kwamandla afanayo, okukhona kuncinci kwedayamitha engundoqo, kokukhona ukukhanya kwelaser kuphezulu kwaye kokukhona kugxininiswe ngakumbi amandla. Ukuba i-laser ifaniswa nemela ebukhali, encinci i-diameter engundoqo, i-laser ibukhali. Uxinaniso lwamandla e-14um ye-laser engundoqo yedayamitha ingaphezulu kwamaxesha angama-50 e-laser engundoqo ye-100um, kwaye amandla okusebenza anamandla. Kwangaxeshanye, uxinaniso lwamandla olubalwe apha luxinaniso nje olulula. Olona nikezelo lwamandla luqikelelo losasazo lweGaussian, kwaye amandla asembindini aya kuphinda-phindeke kaninzi umndilili woxinaniso lwamandla.

Umzobo weSchematic wokuhanjiswa kwamandla e-laser kunye needayamitha ezingundoqo ezahlukeneyo

Umbala wedayagram yokuhanjiswa kwamandla kukusasazeka kwamandla. Okukhona umbala ubomvu, kokukhona amandla aphezulu. Amandla abomvu yindawo apho amandla agxininiswe khona. Ngokusasazwa kwamandla e-laser kwimiqadi yelaser enedayamitha ezingundoqo ezahlukeneyo, kunokubonwa ukuba umqadi welaser ongaphambili awubukhali kwaye umqadi welaser ubukhali. Okukhona kuncinci, kokukhona amandla egxininise kwindawo enye, kokukhona ebukhali kwaye anamandla okungena kwawo.

Ukuthelekiswa kwemiphumo ye-welding ye-lasers kunye needayamitha ezingundoqo ezahlukeneyo

Ukuthelekisa iilaser ezinedayamitha ezingundoqo ezahlukeneyo:

(1) Uvavanyo lusebenzisa isantya se-150mm / s, i-welding ye-focus position, kunye nezinto eziphathekayo ziyi-1 series aluminium, 2mm ubukhulu;

(2) Okukhona ubukhulu bedayamitha engundoqo, ubukhulu bobubanzi bokunyibilika, ubukhulu bendawo echatshazelwe bubushushu, kunye noxinano lwamandla eyunithi. Xa i-diameter engundoqo idlula i-200um, akulula ukufezekisa ubunzulu bokungena kwi-alloys ephezulu-reaction efana ne-aluminium kunye nobhedu, kunye ne-Deep penetration welding inokufezekiswa kuphela ngamandla amakhulu;

(3) I-laser-core-core i-laser inamandla aphezulu kwaye inokukhawuleza ibhobhoze imingxuma yezitshixo kumphezulu wezinto ezinamandla kunye neendawo ezincinci ezichaphazelekayo kubushushu. Nangona kunjalo, ngelo xesha, umphezulu we-weld unzima, kwaye i-keyhole yokuwa kwe-probability iphezulu ngexesha le-welding ephantsi, kwaye i-keyhole ivaliwe ngexesha lomjikelezo we-welding. Umjikelo mde, kwaye iziphene ezifana neziphene kunye neepores zivame ukwenzeka. Ifanelekile ukuqhutyelwa kwesantya esiphezulu okanye ukuqhutyelwa nge-swing trajectory;

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