Itekhnoloji yokuvelisa i-Laser additive (AM), kunye neenzuzo zayo zokuchaneka okuphezulu kwemveliso, ukuguquguquka okunamandla, kunye neqondo eliphezulu lokuzenzekelayo, lisetyenziswa ngokubanzi ekwenzeni amacandelo abalulekileyo kwiinkalo ezifana neemoto, unyango, i-aerospace, njl. (ezifana ne-rocket imilomo yepetroli, izibiyeli ze-eriyali zesathelayithi, ukufakelwa kwabantu, njl. njl.). Le teknoloji inokuphucula kakhulu ukusebenza okudibeneyo kweendawo eziprintiweyo ngokuvelisa okudibeneyo kwesakhiwo sezinto kunye nokusebenza. Okwangoku, itekhnoloji yokuvelisa i-laser ngokubanzi ithatha umqadi weGaussian ogxilileyo oneziko eliphezulu kunye nokuhanjiswa kwamandla aphantsi. Nangona kunjalo, ihlala ivelisa i-gradients ephezulu ye-thermal kwi-melt, ekhokelela ekubunjweni okulandelayo kwee-pores kunye neenkozo ezirhabaxa. I-teknoloji yokubunjwa kwe-Beam yindlela entsha yokusombulula le ngxaki, ephucula ukusebenza kakuhle kokushicilela kunye nomgangatho ngokulungelelanisa ukuhanjiswa kwamandla e-laser beam.
Xa kuthelekiswa nokuthabatha kwemveli kunye nokuveliswa okufanayo, itekhnoloji yokuvelisa isinyithi ineengenelo ezifana nexesha elifutshane lomjikelo wokwenza, ukuchaneka okuphezulu kokusebenza, izinga eliphezulu lokusetyenziswa kwemathiriyeli, kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwamacandelo. Ke ngoko, itekhnoloji yokwenziwa kwesinyithi eyongezelelweyo isetyenziswa kakhulu kumashishini anje nge-aerospace, izixhobo kunye nezixhobo, amandla enyukliya, i-biopharmaceuticals, kunye neemoto. Ngokusekwe kumgaqo wokupakishwa okudityanisiweyo, imveliso yokongeza isinyithi isebenzisa umthombo wamandla (ofana nelaser, arc, okanye umqa we-electron) ukunyibilikisa umgubo okanye ucingo, emva koko uzibeke umaleko ngokomaleko ukwenza inxalenye ekujoliswe kuyo. Le teknoloji ineenzuzo ezibalulekileyo ekuveliseni iibhetshi ezincinci, izakhiwo eziyinkimbinkimbi, okanye iindawo zomntu. Izinto ezingenakukwazi ukubakho okanye kunzima ukucubungula usebenzisa iindlela zendabuko nazo zifanelekile ukulungiselela usebenzisa iindlela zokuvelisa ezongezelelweyo. Ngenxa yolu ncedo lungentla, itekhnoloji eyongezelelweyo yokwenza itekhnoloji itsale ingqwalasela ebanzi evela kubafundi ngaphakathi nangaphandle. Kwiminyaka embalwa edlulileyo, itekhnoloji yokuvelisa ezongezelelweyo yenze inkqubela ngokukhawuleza. Ngenxa yokuzenzekela kunye nokuguquguquka kwezixhobo zokwenza i-laser, kunye neengenelo ezibanzi zokuxinana kwamandla e-laser kunye nokuchaneka kokusebenza okuphezulu, itekhnoloji yokuvelisa i-laser iye yaphuhlisa eyona ikhawulezayo phakathi kobuchwephesha bokwenza izinto ezintathu ezongezelelweyo zentsimbi ezikhankanywe ngasentla.
Itekhnoloji ye-laser yokongeza itekhnoloji yesinyithi inokwahlulwa kwakhona ibe yi-LPBF kunye ne-DED. Umzobo 1 ubonisa umzobo oqhelekileyo we-LPBF kunye neenkqubo ze-DED. Inkqubo ye-LPBF, ekwabizwa ngokuba yi-Selective Laser Melting (SLM), inokuvelisa amacandelo esinyithi antsonkothileyo ngokuskena imiqadi yelaser ene-eneji ephezulu ecaleni kwendlela emiselweyo kumphezulu webhedi engumgubo. Emva koko, umgubo uyanyibilika kwaye uqinise umaleko ngomqolo. Inkqubo ye-DED ikakhulu ibandakanya iinkqubo ezimbini zoshicilelo: ukunyibilika kwelaser kunye ne-laser wire feeding additive production. Zombini ezi teknoloji zinokwenza ngokuthe ngqo kwaye zilungise iinxalenye zetsimbi ngokutya ngokulinganayo umgubo wesinyithi okanye ucingo. Xa kuthelekiswa ne-LPBF, i-DED inemveliso ephezulu kunye nendawo enkulu yokuvelisa. Ukongeza, le ndlela inokulungiselela ngokulula izixhobo ezidibeneyo kunye nezixhobo ezikumgangatho osebenzayo. Nangona kunjalo, umgangatho ongaphezulu wamacandelo ashicilelwe yi-DED uhlala umbi, kwaye ukusetyenzwa okulandelayo kuyafuneka ukuze kuphuculwe ukuchaneka kwe-dimensional yecandelo ekujoliswe kulo.
Kwinkqubo yokwenziwa kwe-laser yangoku, i-Gaussian beam egxininisiweyo ihlala ingumthombo wamandla. Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yokuhanjiswa kwamandla okukodwa (isikhungo esiphezulu, umda ophantsi), kunokwenzeka ukuba kubangele i-gradients ephezulu ye-thermal kunye nokungazinzi kwe-melt pool. Isiphumo sokwenziwa komgangatho ophantsi wamalungu ashicilelweyo. Ukongezelela, ukuba iqondo lokushisa eliphakathi kwechibi elityhidiweyo liphezulu kakhulu, liya kubangela ukuba izinto eziphantsi zokunyibilika zetsimbi zibe ngumphunga, ngakumbi ukunyusa ukungazinzi kwenkqubo ye-LBPF. Ngoko ke, ngokunyuka kwe-porosity, iipropati zomatshini kunye nobomi bokukhathala kwamacandelo ashicilelweyo ayancipha kakhulu. Ulwabiwo lwamandla olungalinganiyo lwemiqadi yeGaussian lukwakhokelela ekusebenziseni amandla e-laser asezantsi kunye nenkcitho egqithisileyo yamandla. Ukuze kuphunyezwe umgangatho woshicilelo olungcono, abaphengululi baye baqalisa ukuhlola ukuhlawulela iziphene zemiqadi yeGaussian ngokuguqula iiparamitha zenkqubo ezifana namandla elaser, isantya sokuskena, ukutyeba komgubo, kunye nesicwangciso sokuskena, ukuze kulawulwe ukubakho kokufakwa kwamandla. Ngenxa yefestile yokucutshungulwa emxinwa kakhulu yale ndlela, uthintelo lomzimba olusisigxina luyanciphisa ukuba nokwenzeka kokulungiswa okungaphezulu. Umzekelo, ukonyusa amandla e-laser kunye nesantya sokuskena kunokufikelela kwimveliso ephezulu, kodwa kaninzi kuza kwiindleko zokuncama umgangatho wokushicilela. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, ukutshintsha ukuhanjiswa kwamandla e-laser ngezicwangciso zokubunjwa kwe-beam kunokuphucula kakhulu ukusebenza kakuhle kwemveliso kunye nomgangatho wokuprinta, onokuthi ube ngumkhombandlela wophuhliso lwexesha elizayo lwetekhnoloji yokuvelisa i-laser. Itekhnoloji yokubumba i-Beam ngokubanzi ibhekisa ekuhlengahlengiseni usasazo lwangaphambili lomqadi wegalelo ukufumana ubungakanani obufunwayo kunye neempawu zokusasaza. Ukusetyenziswa kobuchwephesha bokubumba itekhnoloji kwitekhnoloji yokuvelisa isinyithi iboniswe kuMfanekiso 2.
Ukusetyenziswa kwetekhnoloji yokubumba i-beam kwi-laser additive production
Ukungaphumeleli kokuprintwa kwebhamu yeGaussian yendabuko
Kwiteknoloji yokuvelisa i-laser additive, ukuhanjiswa kwamandla kwi-laser beam kunempembelelo ebalulekileyo kumgangatho weendawo eziprintiweyo. Nangona imiqadi yeGaussian isetyenziswe ngokubanzi kwisixhobo sokwenza i-laser yentsimbi, inengxaki yokusilela okunzulu njengomgangatho wokuprinta ongazinzanga, ukusetyenziswa kwamandla aphantsi, kunye nenkqubo emxinwa yeefestile kwinkqubo yokongeza yokwenziwa. Phakathi kwabo, inkqubo yokunyibilika kwepowder kunye ne-dynamics ye-pool etyhidiweyo ngexesha le-metal laser additive process ihambelana ngokusondeleyo nobukhulu be-powder layer. Ngenxa yobukho bepowder yokutshiza kunye neendawo zokhukuliseko, obona bukhulu bomgangatho womgubo buphezulu kunolindelo lwethiyori. Okwesibini, ikholamu yomphunga ibangele ukutshiza kwejethi ngasemva. Umphunga wesinyithi ungqubana nodonga olungasemva ukuze zenze izitshizi, ezitshizwa ecaleni kodonga lwangaphambili lwe-perpendicular ukuya kwindawo ye-concave ye-pool etyhidiweyo (njengoko kubonisiwe kuMfanekiso 3). Ngenxa yentsebenziswano enzima phakathi kwe-laser beam kunye ne-splashes, i-splashes ekhutshweyo inokuchaphazela kakhulu umgangatho wokushicilela we-powder layers elandelayo. Ukongeza, ukubunjwa kwemingxuma yezitshixo kwi-melt pool kuchaphazela kakhulu umgangatho wamacandelo ashicilelweyo. Iipores zangaphakathi zesiqwenga esiprintiweyo zibangelwa ikakhulu yimingxuma yokuvala engazinzanga.
Indlela yokwenza iziphene kwi-teknoloji yokubunjwa kwe-beam
Itekhnoloji yokubumba i-Beam inokufezekisa ukuphuculwa komsebenzi kwimilinganiselo emininzi ngaxeshanye, eyahlukileyo kwimiqadi ye-Gaussian ephucula ukusebenza kwinqanaba elinye ngeendleko zokubingelela ezinye imilinganiselo. Itekhnoloji yokubumba i-Beam inokulungelelanisa ngokuchanekileyo ukuhanjiswa kweqondo lokushisa kunye neempawu zokuhamba kwe-melt pool. Ngokulawula ukuhanjiswa kwamandla e-laser, ichibi elinyibilikisiweyo elizinzileyo elinomgangatho omncinci wobushushu lifunyenwe. Ukuhanjiswa kwamandla okufanelekileyo kwelaser kunenzuzo yokucinezela i-porosity kunye neziphene zokutshiza, kunye nokuphucula umgangatho woshicilelo lwelaser kwiindawo zetsimbi. Inokufezekisa uphuculo oluhlukeneyo ekusebenzeni kwemveliso kunye nokusetyenziswa komgubo. Kwangaxeshanye, ubuchwephesha bokubumba umqadi businika amacebo okuqhuba ngakumbi, sikhulula kakhulu inkululeko yoyilo lwenkqubo, eyinkqubela phambili yenguqu kwitekhnoloji yokuvelisa i-laser.
Ixesha lokuposa: Feb-28-2024
